• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2009

The temperature of root zone is known as an important factor for the growth of crops and reduction of energy in greenhouse. The purpose of this study was to design the solar energy supply system to keep the optimum condition of root zone by soil warming. As a result of this study, soil warming compared with no warming changed on a large scale temperature rise effect by depth of soil. The greenhouse's inner temperature have an effect on the temperature of surface up to 15 cm, rised to about 1 hour after warming. In case of the temperature fluctuation, soil temperature was about $12^{\circ}C$ up to 15${\sim}$25 cm and it was $13.4^{\circ}C$ at greater depths. This results showed that the position of root zone was very different after 3 weeks of growth.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2012

Nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) has been considered as one of the major targets for therapeutic agents of diverse human diseases. In the previous studies, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxychroman-2-carboxylic acid N-phenylamide (KL-1156) and chroman-2-carboxylic acid N-(4-chlorophenyl)amide were identified as good inhibitors of NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. In this continuous study, we describe the synthesis and NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitory activities of chroman derivatives containing N-heteroaryl groups for exploration of SAR (structure-activity relationship). In addition, inhibitory effects of cell proliferation are evaluated against human cancer cell lines (NCI-H23 and PC-3).

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.552-558
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• 2013

This study was performed to determine effects of the supplementation of Kimchi lactic acid bacterial culture in extruded pellets (EP) on the growth, body composition, blood chemistry and immune response of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Four hundred eighty individuals averaging 16.1 g were randomly distributed into 12, 180 L flow-through tanks (forty fish per tank). Four concentrations of Kimchi lactic acid bacterial culture (KL) were prepared: Control (0%), 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5%. Three concentrations (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5%) of Kimchi lactic acid bacterial culture were each diluted to 10% of EP weight and then fully absorbed by EP for 10 minutes. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial, the plasma lysozyme and bacterial activities of fish were determined. In addition, the cumulative mortality of fish was monitored for 8 days after their artificial infection with Edwardsiella tarda. The weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein retention, hepatosomatic index and condition factor of fish were not affected by dietary supplementation with KL. None of the proximate composition, plasma parameters, lysozyme or bactericidal activities of fish was affected by dietary supplementation with KL. However, the cumulative mortalities of fish fed EP containing 0.1% and 0.5% Kimchi lactic acid bacterial culture were relatively low compared to that of fish fed the control diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with KL did not effectively improve growth, feed utilization, body composition, plasma chemistry, lysozyme, bactericidal activities or immune response of olive flounder after E. tarda infection under these experimental conditions.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1116-1124
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• 1996

The factors to presume the shapes of bending and draping were examined in this study, by applying the similar phenomenon and theory of analysis. The findings were as followings: 1. The value of deflection angle (f) of deflection curve were almost consistent with those of K number and the shapes of deflection curve were congruent, under the condition of that the values of EI/w are almost similar and the lengths of samples are consistent. 2. The values of drape area, drape coefficient, mean of deflection angle, and $\pi$ number were consistently estimated and the shapes of drape were almost the same, under the condition of that the values of EI/w are similar and the diameter of samples are consistent. 3. In using the samples with different values of EI/w, scale factor, kl, was obtained from the formula, the shapes of bending of the referent samples and compsactive smaples was geometrically similar, which the lengths of samples were 1,1'and were satisfied with the formula, hi: L'11, and their $\pi$ number were also consistent. 4. In applying the samples with different values of Rllw, scale factor (kl) was obtained and then, when semidiameter of samples was adjusted to be satisfied with the formula, k1=L/L, the shapes of draping of referent samples and comparative samples were geometrically similar. Furthermore, their $\pi$ number was also consistent. 5. The shares of bending and draping could be changed in terms of three factors such as the lengths of samples, bending ridigity, and weigths per unit area. $\pi$ number was obtained from theory of similar phenomenon, which was index to presume shapes of bending and the shapes of draping getting from the three factors.

• 한국어학
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• 제81권
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• pp.267-297
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• 2018

Vowel raising in Korean has been primarily treated as a phonological, categorical change. This study aims to show how the Korean connective suffix {-go} is realized in various environments, and propose a principle of vowel raising based on both acoustic and perceptual data. To that end, we used a corpus of spoken Korean to analyze the types of syntactic constructions, the realization of prosodic boundaries (IP and PP), and the types of boundary tone associated with {-go}. It was found that the vowel tends to be raised most frequently in utterance-final position, while in utterance-medial position the vowel was raised more when the syntactic and prosodic distance between {-go} and the following constituent was smaller. The results for boundary tone also showed a correlation between vowel raising and the discourse function of the boundary tone. In conclusion, we propose that vowel raising is not simply an optional phenomenon, but rather a type of phonetic reduction related to the comprehension of the following constituent.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.485-498
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 중앙경간 404m 및 1545m의 현수교에 일련의 차량이 차로하중 형태로 주행하는 상태에 대해 차량-교량 상호작용 해석을 수행하고 주케이블, 행어 및 보강거더의 충격계수를 평가하였다. 활하중 모델은 도로교한계상태설계기준을 참고하였으며, KL-510 트럭은 6-자유도 모델로, 차로하중은 일련의 1축 차량이 연행해서 주행하는 것으로 모사하였다. 주탑부에서 보강거더의 연결 및 지지 형식에 따른 충격계수의 차이를 평가하기 위해 중앙경간 404m 교량에 대해서는 hinge-type과 floating-type 거더 형식을 고려하였다. 해석에서 고려한 매개변수는 활하중 형식-트럭 단독 주행시와 트럭과 차로하중의 주행, 차량의 편심 주행, 노면조도 그리고 주행속도를 고려하였다. 노면조도는 ISO 8608 규정에 근거하여 랜덤 생성하였으며 차량-교량 상호작용해석 시 노면조도는 트럭하중에만 적용하였다. 한편, 케이블 교량의 충격계수 평가를 위해 일반적으로 사용되는 영향선 기법에 의해 충격계수를 산출하고 차량-교량 상호작용해석에 의한 결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1630-1642
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• 2010

최근 시각 기반 인터페이스의 실현을 위해 손 동작 인식 기술 개발의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 시각 기반 인터페이스의 입력으로 사용되는 손 동작은 손 모양의 연속적인 변화로 정의되므로, 효율적인 손 모양 인식 알고리즘의 개발은 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 손 모양 인식 과정 중 빈번히 발생할 수 있는 손의 회전에 의한 인식 성능 저하를 다룬다. 제안하는 방법은 회전에 강인한 손 모양 인식 알고리즘 개발을 위해 손 동작 인식 환경을 고려하여 비디오 내 인접 프레임간의 높은 상관관계를 이용한다. 특히, 정지 영상에 기반한 기존 연구와의 차별 점은 객체 추적에서 사용되는 템플릿 갱신을 손 모양 인식에 도입하였다는 것이다. 제안한 방법의 유효함을 보이기 위해, 손이 좌우로 회전하는 비디오를 입력으로 템플릿 정합 기반의 방법, PCA와 LBP을 제안하는 방법과 비교 실험하였다. 제안한 방법은 일반적인 템플릿 정합 기반의 손 모양 인식보다 22.7%, KL-Transform을 도입한 템플릿 정합보다 14.5%, PCA 보다 10.7%, LBP 보다 4.3%의 성능 개선을 보였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호통권65호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2003

철골가새골조 내 가새 부재의 에너지 소산 등의 이력 특성을 조사하기 위하여 비선형 구조해석 프로그램인 DRAIN-2DX를 이용한 단층 구조물의 동적 해석을 수행하였다. 가새 부재의 세장비(KL/r) 및 구조물 반응 수정 계수(R)을 변수로 15개의 가새 부재가 설계되었고 인공지진을 포함 6개의 지진기록을 사용하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 총 90개의 동적 해석 및 해석결과 비교 분석을 통하여 다음의 사실을 알 수 있었다. (1) 큰 반응 수정 계수(R)로 설계된 철골가새골조 내의 가새 부재가 구조물이 우수한 연성 거동을 통하여 큰 축적된 에너지 비$({\Sigma}E_C/E_T)$를 갖게 되리라 예상과는 달리 해석 결과 큰 R값으로 설계된 가새 부재가 좌굴 이후 심한 강도 저하를 보이고 작은 가새 부재력으로 설계되기 때문에 오히려 축적된 에너지 비$({\Sigma}E_C/E_T)$가 작았다. (2) 해석 결과 Lee and Bruneau (2002)에 의해 수집된 실험 결과들을 근거로한 실험 자료, 모두 세장한 가새 부재가 대부분의 경우 더 큰 연성을 갖기는 하지만 작은 축적된 에너지 비$({\Sigma}E_C/E_T)$를 갖고 있다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1998년도 제17회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.103-110
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• 1998

This experiment is performed to investigate the effects of the emulsion on the flame temperature and soot formation in a diesel engine. The two-color method is used to measure the flame temperature for combustion of emulsified diesel in the Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine(RCEM). The concentration of soot is estimated via calculation of the KL factor. The solenoid valve, elecronic controller and needle lift sensor are used to control the exact injection timing and duration under various operating conditions. According to the results the soot concentration is reduced with the increasing W/O while the temperature reduced. The pressure data and the flame images captured by a high speed camera show that the ignition delay of emulsified diesel increase the duration of premixed combustion. The sizes of water drops are measured to be about 10${\mu}m$ by a microscope.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.345-358
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• 2005

The response of single story buildings and other case studies are investigated to observe trends in response and to develop a better understanding of the impact of some design parameters on the seismic response of CBF. While it is recognized that many parameters have an influence on the behavior of braced frames, the focus of this study is mostly on quantifying energy dissipation in compression and its effectiveness on seismic performance. Based on dynamic analyses of single story braced frame and case studies, it is found that a bracing member designed with bigger R and larger KL/r results in lower normalized cumulative energy, i.e., cumulative compressive energy normalized by the corresponding tensile energy (${\sum}E_C/E_T$), in both cases.