• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.74
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• pp.109-135
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• 2015

This study investigated the news report tendency and frame by three major Korean television networks(KBS, MBC, and SBS) in their news reports on issues involving their own interests and considering in social level. The three issues chosen for this study are 'advertising regulations for total amount', 'the reallocation of 700MHz spectrum' and 'raising TV license fee'(this issue applicable only to KBS). By using content analysis method, this study identified extremely weighted tendency toward themselves by the network television channels. They have used highly biased tone and sources to reinforce their private interests in news reports about the three controversial issues. In terms of story content, the news reports have used attribution of responsibility frame dominantly in 'advertising regulations for total amount' issue, whereas the moral frame was dominant in the other two issues.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-67
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• 2009

E-mail marketing is the cheapest channel in target marketing. The channel works amazingly well for marketers who know how to use it. The e-mail marketers are able to integrate transactional and behavioral data to improve the targeting content of e-mail marketing campaigns. The cost in e-mail marketing is low and e-mail marketing makes no pollution. But, the e-mail response rate is lower than all the other channels. So, it is very hard for companies to increase their sales volumes, though the companies are ready to execute e-mail marketing campaigns on the side of computer systems. Marketers can send messages easily to target customers compared to other channels. But, the possibility to be read by the customers is low. Normal e-mails are continually devalued by spam mails. This study shows the influence of e-mail marketing to increase sales used by credit cards, on the basis of the real data promoted by A bank, in the Republic of Korea. The analysis on the traits of the respondent can help marketers to target customers. If additional studies on the response prediction model on the basis of traits of potential respondents are done, the targeting method to increase the effectiveness of e-mail marketing will be better structured and organized.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.126-133
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• 2016

A gene from Actinomyces sp. Korean native goat (KNG) 40 that encodes an endo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase, EG1, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) $DH5{\alpha}$. Recombinant plasmid DNA from a positive clone with a 3.2 kb insert hydrolyzing carboxyl methyl-cellulose (CMC) was designated as pDS3. The entire nucleotide sequence was determined, and an open-reading frame (ORF) was deduced. The ORF encodes a polypeptide of 684 amino acids. The recombinant EG1 produced in E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ harboring pDS3 was purified in one step using affinity chromatography on crystalline cellulose and characterized. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/zymogram analysis of the purified enzyme revealed two protein bands of 57.1 and 54.1 kDa. The amino terminal sequences of these two bands matched those of the deduced ones, starting from residue 166 and 208, respectively. Putative signal sequences, a Shine.Dalgarno-type ribosomal binding site, and promoter sequences related to the consensus sequences were deduced. EG1 has a typical tripartite structure of cellulase, a catalytic domain, a serine-rich linker region, and a cellulose-binding domain. The optimal temperature for the activity of the purified enzyme was $55^{\circ}C$, but it retained over 90% of maximum activity in a broad temperature range ($40^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$). The optimal pH for the enzyme activity was 6.0. Kinetic parameters, $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ of rEG1 were 0.39% CMC and 143 U/mg, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1725-1731
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• 2020

Objective: An initial RNA-Sequencing study revealed that UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) was one of the most promising candidates for milk protein concentration in Chinese Holstein cattle. This enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose, an important step in galactose catabolism. To further validate the genetic effect of GALE on milk protein traits, genetic variations were identified, and genotypes-phenotypes associations were performed. Methods: The entire coding region and the 5'-regulatory region (5'-UTR) of GALE were re-sequenced using pooled DNA of 17 unrelated sires. Association studies for five milk production traits were performed using a mixed linear animal model with a population encompassing 1,027 Chinese Holstein cows. Results: A total of three variants in GALE were identified, including two novel variants (g.2114 A>G and g.2037 G>A) in the 5'-UTR and one previously reported variant (g.3836 G>C) in an intron. All three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with milk yield (p<0.0001), fat yield (p = 0.0006 to <0.0001), protein yield (p = 0.0232 to <0.0001) and protein percentage (p<0.0001), while no significant associations were detected between the SNPs and fat percentage. A strong linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.96 to 1.00) was observed among all three SNPs, and a 5 Kb haplotype block involving three main haplotypes with GAG, AGC, and AGG was formed. The results of haplotype association analyses were consistent with the results of single locus association analysis (p<0.0001). The phenotypic variance ratio above 3.00% was observed for milk protein yield that was explained by SNP-g.3836G >C. Conclusion: Overall, our findings provided new insights into the polymorphic variations in bovine GALE gene and their associations with milk protein concentration. The data indicate their potential uses for marker-assisted breeding or genetic selection schemes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.316-327
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• 2007

In this study, a Korean native cattle strain (Hanwoo) evidencing high performance in terms of both meat quality and quantity was employed in the generation of 150,000 BAC clones with an average insert size of 140 kb, and corresponding to about a 6X coverage of bovine chromosomal DNA. The BAC clones were pooled in a mini-scale via three rounds of a pooling protocol, and the efficiency of this pooling protocol was evaluated by testing the accuracy of accessibility to the positive clones, via a PCR-based screening method. Two sets of primers designed from each of two known genes were tested, and each yielded 2 or 3 positive clones for each gene, thereby indicating that the BAC library pooling system was appropriate with regard to the accession of the target BAC clones. Analyses of $3.3{\times}10^6$ base pairs obtained from the 7,090 BAC end sequence (BES) showed that 34.88% of the DNA sequence harbored the repetition sequence. Analysis of the 7,090 BES to the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ generation radiation hybrid map of the cattle genome, using the COMPASS program designed for the construction of a cattle-human comparative mapping, resulted in the localization of a total of 1,374 clones proximal to 339 $1^{st}$ generation markers, and 1,721 clones proximal to 664 $2^{nd}$ generation markers. Collectively, the BAC library and pooling system of the BAC clones from the Korean cattle, coupled with the chromosome-localized BAC clones, will provide us with novel tools for the excavation of desired clones for genome mapping and sequencing, and will also furnish us with additional information regarding breed differences in cattle.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2008

When a homothallic ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans is exposed to visible light, cleistothecial development is inhibited. The light response of development in A. nidulans implies the existence of delicate regulation process including reception and translocation of light signaling and determination of development. Previously, mutants that could develop cleistothecia even in the presence of relatively intensive visible light were isolated and several complementation groups were identified. A gene that was able to complement the silA98 mutation, which was responsible for preferred cleistothecia development under visible light, was isolated from AMA-NotI genomic library. The silA gene retained in the 4.3 kb recovered genomic library DNA has an open reading frame (ORF) consisted of 2,388 bp nucleotides, interrupted by 3 introns and consequently encoding 795 amino acids. The putative SilA carries a ${Zn_2}{Cys_6}$ binuclear cluster motif at N terminus and shows high amino acid sequence similarity to Aro80p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion mutants of silA showed a strong induction of sexual development under visible light, indicating that SilA is involved in the negative regulation of sexual development in response to the light.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 1999

We isolated the ANRI fragment from Aspergillus nidulons that could autononlously replicate and enhance transformation efficiency about $10^4$ fold compared lo the integrative vector in Saccha,omgcer cerevisioe. In A. nidulans recombinant plasmid pLJ16-4.5 which carries the 4.5 kb EcoRI fragment of ANRI showed a 170-[old increase of transformation efficiency compared to the integrative vector pLJ16 and could be recovered from iransfonnants as an intact form. Estimated copy number of transforming plasmid pLJ16-4.5 was scored as 2 to 3 copies in transformed A. nidulans. Recoinbinant plasinid pILJ16-4.5 is inilotically unstable; being lost Irom 65% of aswual progeny of transformants on selective medium and 90% on complete medium. Southern analysis of transformant DNA showed that the pILJ16-4.5 is maintained in free form. The sequencing data showed that ANRl fragment was originated from mitochondiral DNA of A. nid~ilans and contained high AT content as much as 74.7%. One ARS consensus sequence (A/T)TTr4T(A/G)TTT(AiT). I I ARS-like sequence (agreement 10 of 11) and ABFl binding core consensus sequence (TCN7ACG). Also six gyrase binding core consensus sequence (YRTGNYNNY: y=C or T, R=A or G, N=A, G, C or T) of $\Phi$X174 and SV40 DNA and one b site (CACTTTACC) combining with gyrase in ColEl are shown. ANRl can be developed as a repl&ng plasinid for lransfoimation system in A. nirlulmis.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.220-235
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• 2005

Internet Service Quality has been constantly the center of attention to Internet Service Providers. The KII project plan (Korea Information Infrastructure) aims to build broadband backbone networks mainly through optical fiber cables and ATM switches and to Provide the government ministries, local authorities and non-profit organizations with high-speed, highly capable broadband access to these networks at reasonable rates. The KB service model, however, is different from other Internet Service models much in the same way SP (Service Provider) and NP (Network Provider) differ from each other. In this paper, we evaluate KII service according to various customer satisfaction indicators under the methodologies and categories as put forth in both the ACSI (American Customer Satisfaction Index) and SEM (Structural Equation Model). We use a structural equation model (SEM) to demarcate the Korea Information Infrastructure Customer Satisfaction Index (KIICSI) in relation to network service quality. The results of our study suggest some strategies for the KII Project need to be modified and effectively implemented in order to increase the satisfaction level of the KII customers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1460-1468
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• 2007

In this study, an approx. 2.5-kb gene fragment including the catalase gene from Rhodospirillum rubrum S1 was cloned and characterized. The determination of the complete nucleotide sequence revealed that the cloned DNA fragment was organized into three open reading frames, designated as ORF1, catalase, and ORF3 in that order. The catalase gene consisted of 1,455 nucleotides and 484 amino acids, including the initiation and stop codons, and was located 326 bp upstream in the opposite direction of ORF1. The catalase was overproduced in Escherichia coli UM255, a catalase-deficient mutant, and then purified for the biochemical characterization of the enzyme. The purified catalase had an estimated molecular mass of 189 kDa, consisting of four identical subunits of 61 kDa. The enzyme exhibited activity over a broad pH range from pH 5.0 to pH 11.0 and temperature range from $20^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$C. The catalase activity was inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, cyanide, azide, and hydroxylamine. The enzyme's $K_m$ value and $V_{max}$ of the catalase for $H_2O_2$ were 21.8 mM and 39,960 U/mg, respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the ratio of $A_{406}$ to $A_{280}$ for the catalase was 0.97, indicating the presence of a ferric component. The absorption spectrum of catalase-4 exhibited a Soret band at 406 nm, which is typical of a heme-containing catalase. Treatment of the enzyme with dithionite did not alter the spectral shape and revealed no peroxidase activity. The combined results of the gene sequence and biochemical characterization proved that the catalase cloned from strain S1 in this study was a typical monofunctional catalase, which differed from the other types of catalases found in strain S1.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.677-684
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• 2002

We have investigated the expression patterns of candidates for growth stage specifically expressed genes. The expression patterns of the EPV20, aldolase A, Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) and Adipocyte Differentiation Related Protein (ADRP) were examined by semiquantitative RT-PCR and northern blot analysis in skeletal muscle tissues of Hanwoo, especially in the longissimus dorsi at various growth stages. The EPV20 mRNA was expressed in longissimus dorsi tissue of Hanwoo, but there was no difference of expression levels during growth stages. Though the aldolase A gene was reported to be muscle-specific and regulated at developmental stages, the expression levels of aldolase A mRNA in the longissimus dorsi tissues showed little differences at various growth stages. The expression levels of TCTP which was reported as growth-related protein regulated at translation step were gradually increased during growth of Hanwoo. The expression levels of ADRP mRNA were rapidly increased at 24-month-old longissimus dorsi tissue of Hanwoo, and decreased at 30-month-old. Our data suggest that the ADRP gene show as growth-stage dependent expression and is related to fat deposition within muscular tissue.