• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.241-252
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• 2016

In this study, the characteristics of flow and bed changes with variation of space and length of serial spur dikes were investigated with 2 dimensional numerical simulation. Upstream spur dike was affected by flow and made a role as a single spur dike. As time increased, local scouring was developed around outside of spur dike, and migrated upstream. The aggradation of the bed at the back of spur-dike was made at the initial stage of experiment and numerical modelling. However, the aggradation of the bed was increased in the downstream area. The scour whole around a spur dike upstream was not deep as the Dimensionless spur-dike interval (b) of the dike increased. The depth of scour hole was nearly constant at the dynamic equilibrium state. The dimensionless scour depth ($y_s/H$) increased with L/b. The spur dike downstream had the characteristics of single spur dike as the L/b was larger than 10. However, the spur dike downstream was affected by the dike upstream as the L/b was less than 4, and the bed of the upstream in the spur dike was aggradated and the effects of the serial spur dikes on the bed decreased.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.130-140
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify health promoting behaviors(HPBs) and the related determinants affecting to women workers health based on the New Health Promotion Model by Pender(1996). Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 208 women workers at the 8 electronic manufacturing factories under the permission of data collection and cooperation with health managers in the factories during the period from September to October 1999. For data analysis. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and Stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/PC+7.5 version were used. The results were as follows : 1. The average score for the HPBs, consisted of 6 subdimensions was 2.05. The highest mean score was 2.29 in 'Spiritual growth' and the lowest one was 1.66 in 'Physical activity'. 2. No significant difference between general charateristics and HPBs were found. 3. HPBs were positively related to 'Prior related behavior'(r=0.369, p<0.1), 'Perceived self-efficacy'(r=0.340, p<.01), 'Activity-related affect'(r=0.252, p<.01). 'Social support'(r=0.350, p<.01). 'Commitment to a plan action'(r=0.374, p<.01). There was no significant correlation between perceived health status, perceived barriers to action and HPBs. 4. The most important variable in HPBs was 'Commitment to a plan action'. It was explained 14.0% out of the total variance of HPBs. 'Commitment to a plan action', 'Prior related behavior', 'Social support', 'Self-efficacy' and 'Perceived barriers to action' explained 23.0%. According to the results of this study, the suggestions were as follows: 1. It is necessary to develop program for improving the physical activity and health responsibility of women workers at the manufacturing industry. 2. To facilitate and maintain HPBs of women workers, nurses may enhance and plan mutually interactive active HPBs with women workers. 3. Social support at the level of individual workers, supervisors, and the organization is required in order to conduct health promotion program at the factories. 4. Significantly related variables to HIPBs should be identified the direct and indirect paths among them further more.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.252-269
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• 1994

This study was conducted to the early diagnosis of injuries on needles of conifer by acid rain and air pollutants in metropolitan area, Korea. It was executed to calculate of injured index, contact angle measurement, nutrient content analysis in needles, analysis of soil chemical properties from June 1990 to June 1991. The sensitive species (Picea abies, Abies holophylla) for acid rain and air pollutants were used as the study materials. And the results from this study were as follows : Degree of Injured index was divided into three groups in June 1990. The first group (not injured sites) was Kwangnung and Yangpyung. The Second group (slight injured sites) was Inchon, Boramae Park, Kwachun, Seoul Women's Univ., Anyng, and Yangsuri. The third group (serious injured sites) was Namsan, Seoul City Univ., Children's Park, and Kumgok Royal Tomb. But, Inchon, Kwachon area were changed from slight injured areas to serious injured areas in December 1990. As time goes on, the degree of injured gets worse. In contact angle analysis, value of December 1990 was lower than that of June 1990, especially, that of two-year-needle were lower than of one-year-needle. The correlation between injured Index and contact angle was significantly negative. In the result of needle nutrients analysis of Picea abies, Abies hozophylla, Ca, Mg, K contents was higher in December 1990 than that in June 1991 and that of one-year-needle were prominantly higher than that of two-year-needle. In case of wax quantity analysis in injured area, the older the leaf age is, the smaller the contented wax quantity is. In injured area, the higher a leaf age is, the much that of index is. As a result, the method of analysis referred in the former, is applied by a complementary cooperation. That of method is done sustainably in the future, the correct results will be expected.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.241-252
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• 2017

This study aims to evaluate applicability of both online and offline parameter calibration techniques on rainfall-runoff modeling using a conceptual lumped hydrologic model. To achieve the goal, the storage function model was selected and then two different automatic calibration techniques: SCE-UA (offline method) and particle filter (online method) were applied to calibrate the optimal parameter sets for 9 rainfall events in the Cheoncheon catchment, upper area of the Yongdam multi-purpose dam. In order to assess reproducibility of hydrographs from the parameter sets of both techniques, the observed discharge of each event was divided into low flow (below average flow) and high flow (over average flow). The results show that the particle filter method, updating the parameters in real-time, provides more stable reproducibility than the SCE-UA method regardless of low and high flow. The optimal parameters estimated by SCE-UA are very sensitive to the selected objective functions used in this study: RMSE and HMLE. In particular, the parameter sets from RMSE and HMLE demonstrate superior goodness-of-fit values for high flow and low flow periods, respectively.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.252-259
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• 2010

Trauma commonly leads to ankylosis for the tooth whose periodontal ligaments have been injured. In growing patients, an ankylosed tooth can disrupt alveolar development, resulting in infraocclusion of the affected tooth. Consequently, this causes aesthetic problems during adolescence, interferes with prosthetic treatment due to the inclination of adjacent teeth, and complicates orthodontic dental movement. When the infraoccluded ankylosed tooth is extracted, a considerable amount of alveolar bone is lost, especially in the maxillary anterior region. Moreover, depression of the thin buccal alveolar bone compromises aesthetic restoration. In order to prevent alveolar bone loss, the ankylosed tooth should be treated by decoronation. In the present study, the traumatically injured maxillary incisors of 9-year-old and 10-year-old patients that present infraocclusion accompanied by ankylosis were treated with decoronation procedures. Decoronation procedures were performed when the affected teeth were 2-3 mm below relatively to the adjacent teeth. Moreover, the patients were treated before they get to 16 years old considering the maximum growth peak of the korean adolescents. As the results, there are favorable clinical results associated not only with preservation of horizontal alveolar volume but also with increase in vertical alveolar height after decoronation in growing individuals.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2002

To prepare the edible film based on fish protein, the optimal conditions for extracting soluble protein from Alaska pollack ( Theragra chalcogramma) and mackerel (Scomber japonious) muscle were defined. The effects of protein concentration, pH and temperature of protein solution on the physical properties of films were also investigated, Contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash in Alaska pollack muscle were 79.6, 18.2, 0.6 and $1.2\%$, respectively. Contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash in mackerel muscle were 69,1, 20.1, 9,5 and $1.3\%$, respectively. Both soluble protein contents extracted from Alaska pollack and mackerel were the highest at pH 12.0, and then un 2.0, 11.0. But they were extracted a little at neutral range. forward the recovery yield of protein by controlling isoelectric point was the highest at pH 4.8 ($79.8\%$) for Alaska pollack and at pH 5.0 ($64.1\%$) for mackerel, For the preparation of protein films from both Alaska pollack and mackerel, the most effective conditions of film forming solution were achieved, after supplied fish protein 4 g (glycerol 1,6 g) in 100 mL of distilled water, by adjusted to pH 10.0 and then heated at $90^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.176-180
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• 2008

In days to calyx-flex stage test, flower development affected by light intensity, light duration and the prevailing temperature. As, 'Jacaranda' variety shorter in under 46 days of flower bud formation and 13 days of calyx-flex stage than the other variety with 'Queen Elizabeth' control variety. About cut flower only 'Grand Vicki Brown' (as within 46 days of flower formation, 13 days of calyx stage and 'Jacaranda', both with shorter plants than the other varieties produced cut flower classified as short and medium-stemmed cut flowers. 'Jacaranda', 'Vicki Brown', 'Golden Times', 'Champagne', 'Osiana', and 'Queen Elizabeth (control variety)' flowered earlier from 46.7 to 50.8 days from pruning. Flower development was likewise faster in all the above mentioned cultivars; while 'Tineke' had significantly delayed flower development reaching calyx-flex stage from 0.5 cm bud size after 51.0 days. The top ten high yielding varieties were 'American Orange', with a net income of P3,081,676.00; 'Yellow Island' with P1,572,874.00; 'Frosty Pink' with P1,085,183.00; 'Champagne' with P980,620.00; 'Coral Pink' with P959,669.00; 'Lara Pink' with P918,444.00; 'Lara Orange' with P714,252.00; 'Grand Gala' with P705,787.00; 'Golden Times' with P806,489.00; and 'Lady X' with P778,060.00 net returns.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2020

Macrophage cell death contributes to the formation of plaque, leading to the development of atherosclerosis. The accumulation of triglyceride (TG) is also associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A previous study reported that TG induces the cell death of macrophages. This study examined whether the cytoplasmic release of cathepsin B from lysosome is associated with the TG-induced cell death of macrophage. The release of cathepsin B was increased in the TG-treated THP-1 macrophages, but the TG treatment did not affect cathepsin B expression. Furthermore, the inhibition of cathepsin B by its inhibitor, CA-074 Me, partially inhibited the TG-induced cell death of macrophage. TG-triggered macrophage cell death is mediated by the activation of caspase-1, -2, and apoptotic caspases. Therefore, this study investigated whether cathepsin B is implicated in the activation of these caspases. The inhibition of cathepsin B blocked the activation of caspase-7, -8, and -1 but did not affect the activity of caspase-3, -9, and -2. Overall, these results suggest that TG-induced cytoplasmic cathepsin B causes THP-1 macrophage cell death by activating caspase-1, leading to subsequent activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.245-252
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to make up for missing of weather informations from ASOS and AWS using artificial neural networks. We collected temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity for August during 5-yr (2011-2015) and sample designed artificial neural networks, assuming the Seoul weather station was missing. The result of sensitivity study on number of epoch shows that early stopping appeared at 2,000 epochs. Correlation between observation and prediction was higher than 0.6, especially temperature and humidity was higher than 0.9, 0.8 respectively. RMSE decreased gradually and training time increased exponentially with respect to increase of number of epochs. The predictability at 40 epoch was more than 80% effect on of improved results by the time the early stopping. It is expected to make it possible to use more detailed weather information via the rapid missing complemented by quick learning time within 2 seconds.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of cultural empathy, and personalities on cultural competence among university students of occupational therapy. Methods : One-hundred and fifty-five university students of occupational therapy in Jeollanamdo and Gwangju completed questionnaires consisting of a demographic questionnaire, the Scale of Ethnocultural Empathy(SEE), Big Fie Inventory(BFI), and (CCAI). To determine the relationships among demographic variables, cultural empathy, personalities, and cultural competence, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression analysis were analyzed by using SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Results : The results of the study showed the differences in neuroticism and conscientiousness by gender. Also, there were positive correlations between cultural empathy, personality, and cultural competence. Lastly, cultural empathy(β=.357), openness(β=.252), and school year(β=-.148)were significant predictors of cultural competence. Conclusion : The results of this study clarified the relationships among cultural empathy, personality, and cultural competence, and will provide data for the education program to enhance the cultural competence of undergraduates of occupational therapy.