• Advances in environmental research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2014

The present study has been performed on one year old tree saplings of Azadirachta indica (L.), Cassia siamea (L.), Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.), Eucalyptus rostrata (L.), Mangifera indica (L.) and Schyzygium cumini (L.) in order to assess the effect of exposure of $SO_2-NO_2$, alone and combination of two gases. Tree saplings have been exposed to an average of $495{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ $SO_2$ and $105{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ $NO_2$ for 40 d at the rate of $4hd^{-1}$ during 10:00 am to 01:00 pm in OTC. Total chlorophyll, specific leaf area (SLA), nitrate reductase (NR) activity, foliar protein, free proline content and free amino acids (AAs) of foliage have been the plant parameters, taken into consideration to evaluate the effect of gaseous exposure. Exposure of two gases has caused reduction in total chlorophyll content (P < 0.05, 0.01). Physiological and biochemical process has been seemed to be altered noticeable due to the combined effect of $SO_2+NO_2$ followed by $SO_2$ alone (P < 0.05, 0.01). $NO_2$ mediated stress has produced, stimulatory and inhibitory responses in tree saplings. Results reveal that tree saplings have been attempted to absorb the $NO_2$ through N assimilation pathway. E. rostrata, C. siamea have been emerged as moderate tolerant to $SO_2$ mediated stress followed by A. indica. Response pattern of S. cumini, M. indica and D. sissoo set them as good indicators of $SO_2-NO_2$ exposure. Effects of two gases on tree saplings have been found to be synergistic.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 NEW STRATEGY FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN POST-GENOMIC ERA(대한약학회)
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• pp.174.2-175
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• 2000

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2018

For a given graph G = (V, E), a set $D{\subseteq}V(G)$ is said to be an outer-connected vertex edge dominating set if D is a vertex edge dominating set and the graph $G{\backslash}D$ is connected. The outer-connected vertex edge domination number of a graph G, denoted by ${\gamma}^{oc}_{ve}(G)$, is the cardinality of a minimum outer connected vertex edge dominating set of G. We characterize trees T of order n with l leaves, s support vertices, for which ${\gamma}^{oc}_{ve}(T)=(n-l+s+1)/3$ and also characterize trees with equal domination number and outer-connected vertex edge domination number.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2014

This study is to identify quantitatively the function of carbon dioxide emissions reduction due to temperature and energy reduction according to direct carbon dioxide storage, shade provision, and evaportanspiration of urban park. According to the result of study, landscape tree indicated high carbon dioxide storage effect compare to bush, in which broadleaf tree indicated higher storage function than coniferous tree. It is believed to be the storage of carbon dioxide can be increased by increasing the composition rate of forest plants in the urban park. According to the direct estimation result of carbon dioxide storage in terms of example area, storage of carbon dioxide is estimated to be "seoul a zone" $476,818.8kg{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "anyang b zone" $186,435.7{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "daejeon c zone" $262,826{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "kwangju d zone" $231,657.8{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$. The carbon dioxide storage per unit area estimated to be "seoul a zone" $3.4{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "anyang b zone" $5.0{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "daejeon c zone" $2.6{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "kwangju d zone" $5.6{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$. The result of indirect carbon dioxide reduction effect estimated to be "seoul a zone" $291,603.4{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "anyang b zone" $165,462.4{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "daejeon c zone" $141,719.2{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "kwangju d zone" $154,803.4{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$. Carbon dioxide reduction potential amount through the urban park was increased to 1.6 times to 1.8 times when calculated to the indirect effect.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권4호
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• pp.564-577
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• 2015

본 연구는 새만금간척지에서 원지반에 묘포장을 조성할 수 있는지를 검증하고, 내염성수종을 선발하기 위해 실시하였다. 2010년 조성한 군산시 옥구지역 간척지 원지반토에 2012년 2.0 ha의 묘포장을 조성하고 암거배수를 설치했다. 토양 염도는 토심 60 cm이내에서 2010년 4월 평균 35.2 dS/m이었으나, 2013년도에는 강우제염지역에서 5.13 dS/m, 미제염지역에서 8.20 dS/m로 줄었다. 2013년 4월초 1~4년생에 해당하는 36종(22종 교목과 14종 관목)의 조경수 총 3,943본을 이식하였다. 36종 수목의 첫해 가을 생존율은 평균 71.3%로서 간척지에서 양묘가 가능했다. 봄부터 가을까지 주기적으로 조사한 항목 중에서 묘고, 근원경, 잎 길이, 수관폭, 엽록소함량은 내염성을 판정하는 데 활용하지 못했다. 대신 다양한 수종에 공통된 기준으로 생장상태와 내염성을 상호 비교할 수 있는 항목은 신초 생장량, 생존율, 수세(엽량, 가지 고사와 수관 형성 상태) 뿐이었다. 생존율과 수세를 근거로 하여 수종별로 내염성을 최종적으로 판단하였는데, 생존율이 90% 이상이면서 수세가 매우 양호한 3종(위성류, 꾸지뽕나무, 낙상홍)은 "내염성수종"으로 분류하였다. 생존율이 80~89%이면서 수세가 양호한 5종(곰솔, 자귀나무, 쥐똥나무, 해당화, 난쟁이조릿대)은 "간척지 권장수종"으로 분류하였다. 생존율이 70~79%이면서 수세가 보통수준인 9종(느티나무, 무궁화, 보리수나무, 팥배나무, 회화나무, 메타세쿼이아, 상수리나무, 참느릅나무, 아까시나무)는 "간척지 식재가능수종"으로 분류하였다. 원지반에 원지반토, 준설토, 산림토로 50 cm, 혹은 100 cm 성토를 실시한 시험에서는 원지반토(9.95 dS/m)에서 곰솔의 생존율이 50%로 가장 낮고, 준설토(8.45 dS/m)에서 89%, 산림토(0.9 dS/m)에서 95%로 가장 높았다. 김제 광활지역 간척지에서 3~4년간 양묘한 7개 수종을 옥구지역 원지반토에 이식하였는데, 평균 98.2%의 생존율과 양호한 수세를 보여 이미 간척지 환경에 적응한 개체는 내염성을 가지게 됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2012

This study is about the quantitative safety assessment of hydrogen station in Korea operating with on-site type. This was written by background information that before qualitative safety assessment to write. For the qualitative safety assessment method, the study used FMEA(failure mode & effect analysis) and HAZOP(hazard & operability), and adopted the FTA(fault tree analysis) as the quantitative safety assessment method. To write the FTA, we wrote FT by Top event that hydrogen leakage can be called most serious accident of hydrogen station. Each base event collect reliability data by reliability data handbook, THERP-HRA and estimation of the engineering. Assessment looked at the high frequency and the possible risk through Gate, Importance, m.cutsets analysis.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.157-159
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• 2003

Much of northern Asia is lacking in high-resolution palaeoclimatic data coverage. This vast region thus represents a sizeable gap in data sets used to reconstruct hemispheric-scale temperature trends for the past millennium. To improve coverage, we present a regional-scale composite of four tree-ring width records of Siberian pine and Siberian larch from temperature-sensitive alpine timber-line sites in Mongolia. The chronologies load closely in principal components analysis (PCA) with the first eigenvector accounting for over 53% of the variance from ad 1450 to 1998. The 20-year interval from 1974 to 1993 is the highest such growth period in this composite record, and 17 of the 20 highest growth years have occurred since 1946. Thus these trees, unlike those recently described at some northern sites, do not appear to have lost their temperature sensitivity, and suggest that recent decades have been some of the warmest in the past 500 years for this region. There are, however, comparable periods of inferred, local warmth for individual sites, e.g., in 1520-1580 and 1760-1790. The percent common variance between chronologies has increased through time and is highest (66.1%) in the present century. Although there are obvious differences among the individual chronologies, this result suggests a coherent signal which we consider to be related to temperature. The PCA scores show trends which strongly resemble those seen in recent temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere, very few of which included representation from Eurasia east of the Ural Mountains. The Mongolia series therefore provides independent corroboration for these reconstructions and their indications of unusual wanning during the twentieth century.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2013

제스처 인식은 자연스러운 사용자 인터페이스를 위해 활발히 연구되는 중요한 분야이다. 본 논문에서는 키넥트 카메라로부터 입력되는 사용자의 3차원 관절(joint) 정보를 해석하여 제스처를 인식하는 방법이 제안된다. 대상으로 하는 제스처의 분포 특성에 따라 분류 트리를 설계하고 입력 패턴을 분류한다. 그리고 제스처를 리샘플링 및 정규화 하여 일정한 구간으로 나누고 각 구간의 체인코드 히스토그램을 추출한다. 트리의 각 노드별로 분류된 제스처에 다중 클래스 SVM(Multiclass Support Vector Machine)를 적용하여 학습한다. 이후 입력 데이터를 구성된 트리로 분류한 다음, 학습된 다중 클래스 SVM을 적용하여 제스처를 분류한다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2007

An efficient somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration protocol was developed for Schisandra chinensis Baill, using embryogenic cell suspensions and optimized media conditions. Friable embryogenic callus was induced from cotyledonary leaf and hypocotyl explants of 7 days old seedlings on MS agar medium supplemented with 1.0 to $4.0\;mg\;l^{-1}$ of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Fast growing and well dispersed embryogenic cell suspensions were developed within two months when embryogenic calli were transferred to MS liquid medium containing $1.0\;mg\;l^{-1}\;2,4-D$. One third strength of MS medium was the best for both overall growth and development of somatic embryos in liquid culture. Over 3400 viable somatic embryos were produced from each 150 ml flask with an initial cell density of 30 mg in 30 ml medium. Germinated somatic embryos developed in liquid medium converted into plantlets after transferred to half-strength MS semi-solid medium. Approximately 90% of the converted plantlets were successfully transplanted to soil and grew into fertile plants.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.276-280
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• 2013

D. kaki and D. lotus are used as rootstocks for astringent persimmons in Korea but characteristics of their seedlings have not been determined. In this experiment, their seeds were sown in 3-L pots on April 18 and the seedlings were grown until October 24. Growth and nutrient absorption were compared at the end of the season after destructively harvesting the seedlings. Seedling growth of D. lotus was much faster than that of D. kaki in terms of total stem length, stem diameter, and number of leaves. However, chlorophyll value and specific leaf weight were higher in D. kaki than in D. lotus. Dry weight of D. lotus was 3.6- and 3.7-fold higher than that of D. kaki in above-ground parts and the root, respectively. D. kaki seedlings were characterized by higher concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the leaves, stem, or the root. However, total contents of the elements were 1.8- to 3.7-fold higher in a D. lotus seedling due to its greater dry weight. Since D. lotus seedlings absorbed more inorganic elements on a tree basis and grew more vigorously than D. kaki seedlings, the level of fertilization for astringent persimmons should be adjusted depending on rootstocks to maintain the trees at the optimum vigor.