• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2003

We studied the effect of cadmium on chlorophylls and rubisco activation in Canavalia ensiformis L. leaves. Chlorophyll levels were reduced by 5.0 ${\mu}$M Cd. Rubisco activity at 5.0 ${\mu}$M Cd was significantly smaller than that at no treatment. Rubisco Content showed patterns of change similar to rubisco activity. These data suggest that rubisco activity was associated with an amount of rubisco protein, and that the activation and induction of rubisco is inhibited by Cd. The degree of intensity of 50 and 14.5 kD polypeptides identified as the large and small subunit of rubisco by SDS-PAGE analysis at 5.0 ${\mu}$M Cd was significantly lower than that at control, indicating Cd had a e f-fect on both subunits. Under the assumption that effects of Cd on rubisco may be r elated to rubisco activase, in addition to, its activity and content we re determined . The rubisco activase activity at 5.0 ${\mu}$M Cd was more decreased than the control. A similar change pattern was also observed in content of rubisco activase. Remarkable differences in the intensitiy of both the 45 kD and 41 kD band were found between at control and Cd-treatment. These results suggest that the change in the levels of rubisco activase leads to a subsequent alter action of rubisco levels.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1445-1454
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• 2014

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a disease that spread widely in the world during late 2002 to 2004, severely threatened public health. Although there have been no reported infections since 2004, the extremely pathogenic SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), as the causative agent of SARS, has recently been identified in animals, showing the potential for the re-emergence of this disease. Previous studies showed that 27 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations among the spike (S) gene of this virus are correlated closely with the SARS pathogenicity and epidemicity. We have developed a SNP DNA microarray in order to detect and genotype these SNPs, and to obtain related information on the pathogenicity and epidemicity of a given strain. The microarray was hybridized with PCR products amplified from cDNAs obtained from different SARS-CoV strains. We were able to detect 24 SNPs and determine the type of a given strain. The hybridization profile showed that 19 samples were detected and genotyped correctly by using our microarray, with 100% accuracy. Our microarray provides a novel method for the detection and epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.301-311
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• 2020

In this study, shear strength behavior of fine-grained soils was investigated under unsaturated conditions. The samples in the unsaturated state were subjected to a net normal stress (σ-u_a) of 40 kPa and different matric suctions (u_a-u_w) of 50, 100 and 150 kPa. The matric suction values applied in the triaxial tests were selected according to the bubbling pressures determined from the SWC curves. The study was carried out on prepared re-constituted cylindrical samples by uniaxial consolidation of soil slurries. First, consolidated drained (CD) triaxial compression tests were performed on the saturated samples and the cohesion and angle of internal friction were determined. After that, drained triaxial compression tests under matric suctions were performed on the unsaturated samples. In order to obtain unsaturated test results, cohesion and internal friction angle values of saturated samples were used. The nonlinear surface representing the shear strength surface was approximated consisting of two planes (double planar surface). The reason for the nonlinear behavior of some soils is that the amount of sand content contained in it is relatively high and the bubbling pressure/permanent water content value is relatively low.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.122-126
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• 2013

Recently, heat-resistant aluminum alloy has been re-focused as a downsizing materials for the internal combustion engines. Heat-resistant Al alloy development and many researches are still ongoing for the purpose of improving thermal stability, high-temperature mechanical strength and fatigue properties. The conventional principle of heat-resistant Al alloy is the precipitation of intermetallic compounds by adding a variety of elements is generally used to improve the mechanical properties of Al alloys. Heat resistant aluminum alloys have been produced by CrW homogeneous solid solution to overcome the limit of conventional heat resistant aluminum alloy. From EPMA, it is found that CrW homogeneous soild solution phases with the size of $50-100{\mu}m$ have been dispersed uniformly, and there is no reaction between aluminum and CrW alloy. In addition, after maintaining at high temperature of 573 K, there is no growth of hardening phase, nor desolved, but CrW still exists as a homogeneous solid solution.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2004

Anaphylactic reactions to anesthetic drugs could potentially produce life-threatening immune-mediated crisis. Most published reports are associated with neuromuscular blockers and anaphylactic reactions to inhalation anesthetics are rare. A 25-year-old male patient with no significant medical history and no previous abnormal drug reaction was scheduled for orthognathic surgery under general anesthesia. After uneventful anesthetic induction and nasotracheal intubation, generalized urticaria and erythema were detected during the maintenance period with $O_2-N_2O$-enflurane. No severe changes of vital signs and no ventilation problem were accompanied. The operation was cancelled and the cutaneous lesions were faded away during the recovery with 100% $O_2$. The skin-prick and intradermal tests showed that he was hypersensitive to all halogenated inhalation anesthetics including enflurane and not to intravenous anesthetics and neuromuscular blockers. The re-operation was safely carried out under intravenous anesthesia with propofol-fentanyl-vecuronium. We report this case of intraoperative anaphylactic reaction to enflurane with literature review.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.2001-2003
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• 2005

Various organic acid were used in order to prepare new metalorganic deposition solution for high quality $REBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ (RE=Y, Eu, Gd) films. Prepared fluorine free MO precursor solution was coated on single crystal (001) $LaAlO_3$ (LAO) by dip coating method. Processing parameters such as oxygen partial pressure, water vapor, ramping rate and pyrolysis temperature etc havebeen controlled in order to make high $J_c$ films with a good epitaxial relationship with substrate. 0.5 micron-thick film was obtained by single coating and no crack appeared after calcination. Oxygen partial pressure was varied in the range of $100{\sim}1,000 ppm$ and conversion heat treatment was carried out at the temperature of $725{\sim}765^{\circ}C$. A critical transition temperature $(T_{c0})$ of 90K and a critical transport current density $(J_c)$ of $>0.5MA/cm^2$ (77K and self-field) were demonstrated for the YBCO film on (001) oriented LAO substrates with a thickness of 0.5 micron. $I_c$ was determined by utilizing a transport measurement. SEM and XRD investigations confirmed that films were grown epitaxially onto the LAO single crystal substrate. It is thought that fluorine free new MOD solutionis promising for high quality REBCO films.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 수처리 공정에 적용하고 있는 CSTR 반응조를 대상으로 유입 유량이 다양하게 변동하는 경우 반응조 내부 수리 거동을 조사하고자 하였다. 유입 유량의 변동은 설계 유량 대비 10~100%까지 변화시켰으며, 각 경우를 CFD 기법을 이용하여 transient 상태의 추적자 실험을 모의하였으며, 모사 결과로부터 2차 정보를 추출하여 수리 거동 지표를 계산하여 유입 유량과 수리거동의 관계를 면밀히 조사하였다. 그 결과, 유입 유량이 증가할수록 Modal index와 ${\beta}$값이 증가하는 거동을 보였으며 Morrill index는 유입 유량과의 관계에서 국부적인 극소값을 가지는 유입 유량이 두 곳 나타났는데 각각 설계 유량의 20%되는 지점과 40%가 되는 지점이었다. 두 극소값이 나타나는 유입 유량보다 유량이 증가하면 다시 Morrill index가 증가하는 현상을 보여 이상적인 CSTR 반응조에 근접하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 1999

In general, the patients of the head and neck cancer are treated with 4MV photon beam up to prescribed dose, but spinal cord should be excluded in the treatment field. When its absorbed dose is limited at the tolerance dose. In case of the patients who has the positive posterior neck nodes need a boost electron beam treatment to the prescribed dose. In that case, the anatomical structure of the neck and the physical structure of the standard electron cone interrupt to allow proper access to the disease site. Therefore, we extended treatment SSD for the remove of the those hindrances. In this study, we evaluated the dosimetric variation of the standard electron cone for the extended SSD, from 100cm to 120cm, 5 cm increment, and compare to the custom-made electron cone. As a result, the $\%$ depth dose, the point of maximum dose and the range of maximum were changed within the $2\%$. The penumbra width was increased from 1.0cm to 2.0cm. However, the dosimetric characteristics of the custom-made electron cone was very similar to that of the 100cm SSD standard electron cone and due to its characteristic of physical structure, patients didn't need re-positioning after photon beam treatment, therefore accurate treatment was possible, we conclude that the custom-made electron cone was very useful for the clinical practice.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1992

Neck mass is common neoplasms, but it poses a diagnostic dilemma for the physician. The differential diagnosis include neoplastic, inflammatory and developmental causes. The FNAC is one of the most valuable tests in the initial assessment and differential diagnosis of the neck mass. FNAC was performed with 267 cases of the neck mass, during the period from April, 1988 to October, 1990 at the department of General Surgery, Soon Chun Hyang. University Hospital. Thyroid lesions were excluded from this analysis. Final diagnosis was based on resection histology in 58 cases, and surgical specimens were compared with FNAC. The following results were obtoired ; 1) Of 267 cases, there we re 9 cases(3.4%) of congenital lesion, 74 cases(27.7%) of inflammatory lesion, 40 cases(15.0%) of benign tumor, 12 cases(4.5%) of primary malignant tumor, 37 cases(13.8%) of metastatic tumor, 75cases(28.1%) of reactive hyperplasia, 20 cases(7.5%) of unsatisfactory. In the pathologic classification, inflammatory lesion was the most common. 2) In the 58 cases of excisional biopsy, sensitivity 93.8%, specificity 95.2%, false positive 11.8%, false negative 2.4%, positive predictive value 88.2%, negative predictive value 97.6%, accuracy 94.8%. 3) The most common disease was the tuberculous lymphadenitis (53 cases, 19.8%). sensitivity 57.9%, specificity 100.0%, false positive 0.0%, false negative 17.0%, positive predictive value 100.0%, negative predictive value 83.0%, accuracy 86.2%.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2002

Developing base data on luring fish schools into netting position by the use of underwater audible sound on japanese parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus found in the coastal waters of Jeju Island, S. Korea. Auditory threshold was determined by the heartbeat condition technique using pure tones coupled with a delayed electric shock. The audible range of japanese parrot fish extended from 80 Hz to 500 Hz with a peak sensitivity at 200 Hz. The mean auditory thresholds at the frequencies of 80 Hz, 100 Hz, 200 Hz,300 Hz and 500 Hz were 104 dB, 95 dB, 91 dB, 99 dB and 113 dB, respectively. As the frequency became higher than 200 Hz, the auditory threshold increased almost linearly with increasing frequency. Critical ratios of fishes measured in the presence of masking noise in the spectrum level range of 69$\~$78 dB (0 dB re 1$\mu$Pa/$\sqrt{Hz}$) ranged from 21 dB to 40 dB at test frequencies. The noise spectrum level at the start of masking was about 70 dB within the test frequency range. The sound pressure level of 100$\~$200 Hz recognized by japanese parrot fish under the ambient noise is above 91 dB and the critical ratio for them is above 21 dB.