• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.103-122
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• 2011

Recently, numerous documents have been made available electronically. Internet search engines and digital libraries commonly return query results containing hundreds or even thousands of documents. In this situation, it is virtually impossible for users to examine complete documents to determine whether they might be useful for them. For this reason, some on-line documents are accompanied by a list of keywords specified by the authors in an effort to guide the users by facilitating the filtering process. In this way, a set of keywords is often considered a condensed version of the whole document and therefore plays an important role for document retrieval, Web page retrieval, document clustering, summarization, text mining, and so on. Since many academic journals ask the authors to provide a list of five or six keywords on the first page of an article, keywords are most familiar in the context of journal articles. However, many other types of documents could not benefit from the use of keywords, including Web pages, email messages, news reports, magazine articles, and business papers. Although the potential benefit is large, the implementation itself is the obstacle; manually assigning keywords to all documents is a daunting task, or even impractical in that it is extremely tedious and time-consuming requiring a certain level of domain knowledge. Therefore, it is highly desirable to automate the keyword generation process. There are mainly two approaches to achieving this aim: keyword assignment approach and keyword extraction approach. Both approaches use machine learning methods and require, for training purposes, a set of documents with keywords already attached. In the former approach, there is a given set of vocabulary, and the aim is to match them to the texts. In other words, the keywords assignment approach seeks to select the words from a controlled vocabulary that best describes a document. Although this approach is domain dependent and is not easy to transfer and expand, it can generate implicit keywords that do not appear in a document. On the other hand, in the latter approach, the aim is to extract keywords with respect to their relevance in the text without prior vocabulary. In this approach, automatic keyword generation is treated as a classification task, and keywords are commonly extracted based on supervised learning techniques. Thus, keyword extraction algorithms classify candidate keywords in a document into positive or negative examples. Several systems such as Extractor and Kea were developed using keyword extraction approach. Most indicative words in a document are selected as keywords for that document and as a result, keywords extraction is limited to terms that appear in the document. Therefore, keywords extraction cannot generate implicit keywords that are not included in a document. According to the experiment results of Turney, about 64% to 90% of keywords assigned by the authors can be found in the full text of an article. Inversely, it also means that 10% to 36% of the keywords assigned by the authors do not appear in the article, which cannot be generated through keyword extraction algorithms. Our preliminary experiment result also shows that 37% of keywords assigned by the authors are not included in the full text. This is the reason why we have decided to adopt the keyword assignment approach. In this paper, we propose a new approach for automatic keyword assignment namely IVSM(Inverse Vector Space Model). The model is based on a vector space model. which is a conventional information retrieval model that represents documents and queries by vectors in a multidimensional space. IVSM generates an appropriate keyword set for a specific document by measuring the distance between the document and the keyword sets. The keyword assignment process of IVSM is as follows: (1) calculating the vector length of each keyword set based on each keyword weight; (2) preprocessing and parsing a target document that does not have keywords; (3) calculating the vector length of the target document based on the term frequency; (4) measuring the cosine similarity between each keyword set and the target document; and (5) generating keywords that have high similarity scores. Two keyword generation systems were implemented applying IVSM: IVSM system for Web-based community service and stand-alone IVSM system. Firstly, the IVSM system is implemented in a community service for sharing knowledge and opinions on current trends such as fashion, movies, social problems, and health information. The stand-alone IVSM system is dedicated to generating keywords for academic papers, and, indeed, it has been tested through a number of academic papers including those published by the Korean Association of Shipping and Logistics, the Korea Research Academy of Distribution Information, the Korea Logistics Society, the Korea Logistics Research Association, and the Korea Port Economic Association. We measured the performance of IVSM by the number of matches between the IVSM-generated keywords and the author-assigned keywords. According to our experiment, the precisions of IVSM applied to Web-based community service and academic journals were 0.75 and 0.71, respectively. The performance of both systems is much better than that of baseline systems that generate keywords based on simple probability. Also, IVSM shows comparable performance to Extractor that is a representative system of keyword extraction approach developed by Turney. As electronic documents increase, we expect that IVSM proposed in this paper can be applied to many electronic documents in Web-based community and digital library.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-37
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• 1975

I. Subject of the study A study on the nutritive value and utilization of powdered seaweeds. II. Purpose and Importance of the study A. In Korea the shortage of food will be inevitable by the rapidly growing population. It will be very important study to develop a new food from the seaweeds which were not used hitherto for human consumption. B. The several kinds of seaweeds have been used by man in Korea mainly as side-dishes. However, a properly powdered seaweed will enable itself to be a good supplement or mixture to certain cereal flours. C. By adding the powdered seaweed to any cereals which have long been staple foods in this country the two fold benefits; saving of cereals and change of dietary pattern, will be secured. III. Objects and scope of the study A. Objects of the study The objects will come under four items. 1. To develop a powdered seaweed as a new food from the seaweeds which have been not used for human consumption. 2. To evaluate the nutritional quality of the products the analysis for chemical composition and animal feeding experiment will be conducted. 3. Experimental cocking and accepability test will be conducted for the powdered products to evaluate the value as food stuff. 4. Sanitary test and also economical analysis will be conducted for the powdered products. B. Scope of the study 1. Production of seaweed powders Sargassum fulvellum growing in eastern coast and Sargassum patens C.A. in southern coast were used as the material for the powders. These algae, which have been not used for human consumption, were pulverized through the processes of washing, drying, pulverization, etc. 2. Nutritional experiments a. Chemical composition Proximate components (water, protein, fat, cellulose, sugar, ash, salt), minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine), vitamins (A, $B_1,\;B_2$ niacin, C) and amino acids were analyzed for the seaweed powders. b. Animal feeding experiment Weaning 160 rats (80 male and 80 female rats) were used as experimental animals, dividing them into 16 groups, 10 rats each group. Each group was fed for 12 weeks on cereal diet (Wheat flour, rice powder, barley powder, potato powder, corn flour) with the supplementary levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of the seaweed powder. After the feeding the growth, feed efficiency ratio, protain efficiency ratio and ,organs weights were checked and urine analysis, feces analysis and serum analysis were also conducted. 3. Experimental cooking and acceptability test a. Several basic studies were conducted to find the characteristics of the seaweed powder. b. 17 kinds of Korean dishes and 9 kinds of foreign dishes were prepared with cereal flours (wheat, rice, barley, potato, corn) with the supplementary levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of the seaweed powder. c. Acceptability test for the dishes was conducted according to plank's Form. 4. Sanitary test The heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Hg) in the seaweed powders were determined. 5. Economical analysis The retail price of the seaweed powder was compared with those of other cereals in the market. And also economical analysis was made from the nutritional point of view, calculating the body weight gained in grams per unit price of each feeding diet. IV. Results of the study and the suggestion for application A. Chemical composition 1. There is no any big difference in proximate components between powders of Sargassum fulvellum in eastern coast and Sargassum patens C.A. in southern coast. Seasonal difference is also not significant. Higher levels of protein, cellulose, ash and salt were found in the powders compared with common cereal foods. 2. The levels of calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) in the powders were significantly higher than common cereal foods and also rich in iodine (I). Existence of vitamin A and vitamin C in the Powders is different point from cereal foods. Vitamin $B_1\;and\;B_2$ are also relatively rich in the powders.'Vitamin A in ·Sargassum fulvellum is high and the levels of some minerals and vitamins are seemed4 to be some influenced by seasons. 3. In the amino acid composition methionine, isoleucine, Iysine and valine are limiting amino acids. The protein qualities of Sargassum fulvellum and Sargassum patens C.A. are seemed to be .almost same and generally ·good. Seasonal difference in amino acid composition was found. B. Animal feeding experiment 1. The best growth was found at.10% supplemental level of the seaweed Powder and lower growth rate was shown at 30% level. 2. It was shown that 15% supplemental level of the Seaweed powder seems to fulfil, to some extent the mineral requirement of the animals. 3. No any changes were found in organs development except that, in kidney, there found decreasing in weight by increasing the supplemental level of the seaweed powder. 4. There is no any significant changes in nitrogen retention, serum cholesterol, serum calcium and urinary calcium in each supplemental level of the seaweed powder. 5. In animal feeding experiment it was concluded that $5%{\sim}15%$ levels supplementation of the seaweed powder are possible. C. Experimental cooking and acceptability test 1. The seaweed powder showed to be utilized more excellently in foreign cookings than in Korean cookings. Higher supplemental level of seaweed was passible in foreign cookings. 2. Hae-Jo-Kang and Jeon-Byung were more excellent than Song-Pyun, wheat cake, Soo-Je-Bee and wheat noodle. Hae-Je-Kang was excellent in its quality even as high as 5% supplemental level. 3. The higher levels of supplementation were used the more sticky cooking products were obtained. Song-Pyun and wheat cake were palatable and lustrous in 2% supplementation level. 4. In drop cookie the higher levels of supplementation, the more crisp product was obtained, compared with other cookies. 5. Corn cake, thin rice gruel, rice gruel and potato Jeon-Byung were more excellent in their quality than potato Man-Doo and potato noodle. Corn cake, thin rice gruel and rice gruel were excellent even as high as 5% supplementation level. 6. In several cooking Porducts some seaweed-oder was perceived in case of 3% or more levels of supplementation. This may be much diminished by the use of proper condiments. D. Sanitary test It seems that there is no any heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Hg) problem in these seaweed Powders in case these Powders are used as supplements to any cereal flours E. Economical analysis The price of the seaweed powder is lower than those of other cereals and that may be more lowered when mass production of the seaweed powder is made in future. The supplement of the seaweed powder to any cereals is also economical with the criterion of animal growth rate. F. It is recommended that these seaweed powders should be developed and used as supplement to any cereal flours or used as other food material. By doing so, both saving of cereals and improvement of individual's nutrition will greatly be achieved. It is also recommended that the feeding experiment for men would be conducted in future.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.139-156
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• 2021

이미지 분류에서 딥러닝 모형을 사용하는 가장 큰 이유는 이미지의 전체적인 정보에서 각 지역 특징을 추출하여 서로의 관계를 고려할 수 있기 때문이다. 하지만 이미지의 지역 특징이 없는 감정 이미지 데이터는 CNN 모델이 적합하지 않을 수 있다. 이러한 감정 이미지 분류의 어려움을 해결하기 위하여 매년 많은 연구자들이 감정 이미지에 적합한 CNN기반 아키텍처를 제시하고 있다. 색깔과 사람 감정간의 관계에 대한 연구들도 수행되었으며, 색깔에 따라 다른 감정이 유도된다는 결과들이 도출되었다. 딥러닝을 활용한 연구에서도 색깔정보를 활용하여 이미지 감성분류에 적용하는 연구들이 있어왔으며, 이미지만을 가지고 분류 모형을 학습한 경우보다 이미지의 색깔 정보를 추가로 활용한 경우가 이미지 감성 분류 정확도를 더 높일 수 있었다. 본 연구는 사람이 이미지의 감정을 분류하는 기준 중 많은 부분을 차지하는 색감을 이용하여 이미지 감성 분류 정확도를 향상시키는 방안을 제안한다. 이미지의 RGB 값에 K 평균 군집화 방안을 적용하여 이미지를 대표하는 색을 추출하여, 각 감성 클래스 별 해당 색깔이 나올 확률을 가중치 식으로 변형 후 CNN 모델의 최종 Layer에 적용하는 이-단계 학습방안을 구현하였다. 이미지 데이터는 6가지 감정으로 분류되는 Emotion6와 8가지 감정으로 분류되는 Artphoto를 사용하였다. 학습에 사용한 CNN 모델은 Densenet169, Mnasnet, Resnet101, Resnet152, Vgg19를 사용하였으며, 성능 평가는 5겹 교차검증으로 CNN 모델에 이-단계 학습 방안을 적용하여 전후 성과를 비교하였다. CNN 아키텍처만을 활용한 경우보다 색 속성에서 추출한 정보를 함께 사용하였을 때 더 좋은 분류 정확도를 보였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

2020년경 우리에게 모습을 보이게 될 5G 이동통신은 IoT, V2X 등을 비롯하여 다양한 서비스를 고객들에게 제공할 것으로 예상되며, 이러한 서비스를 제공하기 위한 요구사항은 꾸준히 수준을 높여오던 고속 데이터 속도 외에도, 신뢰도, 그리고 실시간 서비스를 위한 지연 감소 등이 가장 중요한 고려사항이 될 것으로 전망된다. 이러한 이유는 5G의 주요 응용분야로 고려되는 분야인 M2M, IoT, Factory 4.0 등의 서비스를 위해서는 기존의 속도뿐 아니라, 특히 지연 및 신뢰성이 매우 중요하게 고려되어야 한다. 특히, 교통관제 등 자동차를 기반으로 하는 다양한 V2X(Vehicle to X)를 활용한 지능형 교통관제 시스템 및 서비스에서는 요구사항이 가장 높은 수준으로 고려될 수 있다. 5G 이동통신을 위하여 세계 각국의 표준화 기구들은 서비스를 규정하고 이를 요구사항에 따라 그룹화하여, 서비스의 시나리오 와 기술적 요구사항을 도출하였고, 최근에는 이러한 시나리오를 위한 요구사항의 수준이 어느 정도 합의에 다다르고 있다. 도출된 서비스 시나리오는 5개이며 이는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째 시나리오는 빠른 데이터 전송이 필요한 서비스로 가상 사무공간의 3차원 정보의 전송을 위해 높은 품질의 데이터를 요구한다. 두 번째 시나리오는 운동장, 콘서트장, 백화점과 같이 군중이 몰린 곳에서도 합리적인 이동통신 광대역 서비스 제공하는 경우이며, 세 번째는 이동 중에 일정 수준의 서비스를 제공하는 경우이고, 네 번째 경우는 지연 및 신뢰도에 대한 매우 강한 요구사항을 갖는 경우이며, M2M 통신과 같이 실시간성 보안 및 산업을 위한 응용 등의 예가 해당된다. 마지막으로 다섯 번째는 유비퀴터스 통신의 예이며, 다양한 요구사항을 가진 많은 수의 디바이스에 대한 효과적인 조정하는 경우를 예로 들 수 있다. 5G 통신은 또한 차세대 망의 구조를 고려하여 SDN(Software Defined Network)기반의 구조를 채택하고 있는데, 이러한 망의 구조는 지연과 신뢰도와 밀접한 관계를 갖고, 최악조건의 경우를 위한 SDN을 고려한 망 구조측면의 검토가 필요하다. 다양한 요구사항 중 5G에서 가장 주요시 고려 되어야 할 지연 및 신뢰도에 가장 적합한 시나리오는 지능형 교통 시스템 및 서비스 환경에서의 응급상황이다. 자동차는 매우 빠른 속도로 5G의 작은 셀들을 지나가고, 응급상황에 전달해야 하는 메시지는 매우 짧은 시간에 전달 및 처리되어야 하는 시나리오로 지연에 민감한 최악조건의 대표적인 예라고 생각할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 V2X의 응급상황에서 SDN 망 구조 및 정보흐름의 규모에 대한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 시스템 수준의 분석을 진행하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-68
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• 1988

고려인삼종자(高麗人蔘種子)의 미숙배(未熟胚) 생장(生長) 최적조건(最適條件), 배숙종자(胚熟種子)의 유안타파(休眼打破) 및 발아최적조건(發芽最適條件)을 구명(究明)하는 한편 종자내(種子內)에 존재(存在)할 것으로 추측(推測)되는 발아억제물질(發芽抑制物質)을 추구(追究)하기 위하여 본(本) 연구(硏究)를 수행(遂行)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 내과피(內果皮)의 존재(存在)는 미숙배(未熟胚)의 생장(生長)을 현저(顯著)히 억제(抑制)하였으며 내과피(內果皮)의 유무(有無)에 관계(關係)없이 $15^{\circ}C$에서 배(胚)의 생장(生長)이 가장 왕성(旺盛)하였고 회귀분석(回歸分析)에 의한 배생장(胚生長) 최적온도(最適溫度)의 추정치(推定値)는 $18^{\circ}C$내외(內外)였다. 2. 수확직후(收穫直後) 미숙배종자(未熟胚種子) 파종시(播種時) 묘상(苗床)에서의 배생장(胚生長) 및 발아율(發芽率)은 개갑처리종자(開匣處理種子)의 배생장(胚生長) 및 발아율(發芽率)과 차이(差異)가 없었다. 3. 개갑처리전(開匣處理前) 미숙배종자(未熟胚種子)를 $30^{\circ}C$이상(以上)의 고온(高溫)에서 24시간(時間), 10일이상(日以上)의 침지처리(浸漬處理)는 배(胚)의 생장(生長) 및 발아율(發芽率)을 현저(顯著)히 지연(遲延)시켰다. 4. 미숙배종자(未熟胚種子)의 배생장(胚生長)은 $10^{\circ}C$에서 거의 정지상태(停止狀態)이나 $20^{\circ}C$에서 50일간(日間) 치상후(置床後) 계속(繼續) $10^{\circ}C$에서 50일간(日間) 치상(置床)할 경우(境遇) 생장(生長)이 현저(顯著)히 촉진(促進)되어 $20^{\circ}C$에서만 100일간(日間) 개갑(開匣)시킨 종자(種子)보다 배율(胚率)이 크게 증가(增加)되었다. 5. 개갑(開匣)이 완료(完了)된 종자(種子)의 계속적(繼續的)인 배생장(胚生長)은 $10^{\circ}C$에서 촉진(促進)되었으나 발아율(發芽率)은 $5^{\circ}C$에서 100일간(日間) 저온처리(低溫處理)한 종자(種子)에서 높았고 발아소요일수(發芽所要日數)도 짧았다. 6. 개갑(開匣)된 종차(種子)의 저온처리직전(低溫處理直前) 혹은 과정중(過程中) 침지(浸漬) 또는 20일간(日間) $20^{\circ}C$로의 저온상승처리(溫度上昇處理)는 저온처리중(低溫處理中)의 배생장(胚生長) 및 발아(發芽)를 현저(顯著)히 저해(沮害)하였다. 7. 저온처리(低溫處理)를 완료(完了)한 종자(種子)는 $10^{\circ}C$에서 최적(最高)의 발아율(發芽率)을 보였고 발아최적토양수분(發芽最適土壤水分)의 추정치(推定値)는 62.5%였으며 높은 산소요구도(酸素要求度)를 가지고 있었다. 8. 마쇄(磨碎)된 인삼종자(人蔘種子)의 증류수추출물(蒸溜水抽出物)만이 참깨, 조 및 콩의 발아억제효과(發芽抑制效果)를 뚜렷이 나타내었으며 개갑종자(開匣種子)보다는 미개갑종자추출물(未開匣種子抽出物)의 억제효과(抑制效果)가 더 컸고, 추출온도(抽出溫度)에 따른 억제효과(抑制效果)의 차이(差異)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 9. 인삼(人蔘)의 장육(醬肉), 잎, 뿌리 및 건조(乾操)한 뿌리의 물추출물(抽出物)도 참깨 및 인삼(人蔘)의 유묘생육(幼苗生育)을 현저(顯著)히 억제(抑制)하는 효과(效果)를 나타내었다. 10. 인삼(人蔘)의 종자(種子), 잎 및 뿌리의 증류수추출물(蒸溜水抽出物)은 진균(眞菌)의 발아(發芽) 및 균사생장(菌絲生長)을 크게 억제(抑制)하였으나 세균(細菌)의 증식(增殖)에는 영향(影響)을 미치지 않았다. 11. 인삼종자(人蔘種子)의 물추출물중(抽出物中) 분자량(分子量) 3,000이하(以下)의 저분자물질(低分子物質)에서 참깨유묘(幼苗)의 생육억제효과(生育抑制效果)가 뚜렷하였고, 분자량(分子量) 10,000이상(以上)의 고분자물질(高分子物質)에서도 억제효과(抑制效果)를 나타냈다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2008

본 연구는 가전제품 소매채널에 관한 소비자의 선호 및 이용행태를 조사하고 가전제품 구매 채널 현황과 소비자들의 점포선택과 만족도를 분석하여 소비자가 특정 채널에 대하여 가지고 있는 소위 channel equity에 대하여 탐색적으로 접근 하고자 한다. 분석결과 가전제품 멀티채널 쇼핑환경은 소비자로 하여금 채널별로 차별화된 구매 패턴과 쇼핑동기를 만들어 주고 있었다. 백화점이나 대리점은 품질의 우수성과 A/S 측면에서 우세하며 대형할인점, 양판점, TV홈쇼핑, 인터넷쇼핑몰, 전자제품 판매 상가는 가격적인 측면이 경쟁 우위로 조사되었다. 채널별 소비자 만족도에 있어서는 애프터서비스가 잘되고 있는 백화점이나 대리점 등이 만족도가 상대적으로 높은 소매 채널임을 알 수 있다. 채널 에퀴티의 구성요인은 가격 경쟁력과 비교구매, 이용편리성, A/S, 판매원의 전문성, 배송의 신속성, 제품 검색용이, 판매원의 친절성, 매장의 쾌적성, 교통 편리성 등을 들 수 있다. 백화점의 경우 거의 모든 요소에서 가장 높은 만족도를 가지고 있어 채널 에퀴티가 높게 평가되었다. 인터넷 쇼핑몰은 제품을 쉽게 검색할 수 있다는 점에서 우위에 있으며 TV홈쇼핑의 경우는 비교구매와 가격경쟁력에서 우위가 있음을 알 수 있었고 채널별로 채널 에퀴티를 구성하는 요인들의 상대적 비중은 매우 달랐다. 본 연구에서는 채널 만족도를 평가한 후 에퀴티 포트폴리오와 채널별 에퀴티 구성 결과를 제시하고 있으나 향후 채널 에퀴티의 개념과 관리 툴에 대한 본격적인 연구가 요망된다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2010

本文研究共同特性对于无选择权的影响, 并涉及到了调节焦点理论. 本文主要着眼于这三个因子以及他们之间的关系. 之前的研究已经广泛涉及到这三个方面. 第一, 共同特性影响已经被广为研究. Tversky (1972) 开创了这个理论, EBA 模型: 通过消除方面. 根据这个理论, 消费者在比较的过程中更易于注意特殊的特性, 而忽略共同特性. 最近, 更多的研究开始针对于此模型对于消费者行为的影响. Chernev (1997) 认为增加共同特性可以减少选择距离. 但是, 随后Chernev (2001) 的研究指出共同特性可能是消费者认知上的负担, 所以他们更喜欢启发式的过程而不是系统式的过程. 这些研究提出了一系列问题: 共同特性是否影响顾客选择? 如果是的话, 这些影响是什么样子的? 第二, 一些研究指出没有选择的状况是消费者最好的选择, 他们在犹豫不决时用这种方法回避选择. 其他关于这一理论的研究是时间的压力, 消费者自信, 以及可供选择的数量. 第三, 调节聚焦理论在目前非常流行. 消费者有两个焦点目标: 促进和制止. 促进聚焦主要和希望, 野心, 成功, 获得等有关; 而制止聚焦和责任, 职责, 安全, 规避等有关. 调节聚焦理论预测了顾客的感情, 创造, 态度, 记忆, 表现, 和判断. 而这些都是市场营销研究的领域这些文献为本文的研究提供了一些理论支持. 特别是增加共同特征而不是忽略他们可以增加选择过程中克制消费者的没有选择状况的比重, 其对于促进消费者的作用确实相反的. 本文通过两个试验进行验证. 第一个是2 X 2 组间的设计(共同特性X调节聚焦), 数码相机作为相关的客体. 特别的是, 调节聚焦变量是从11个问题中取得的. 共同特性包括焦距, 重量, 记忆卡, 电池, 而像素和价格作为独特特性. 结果证明了我们的假设, 那就是增加共同特性增加了克制消费者的无选择比重, 而对促进消费者没有作用. 第二个试验被用来复制第一个实验的结果. 这个实验和之前的基本相同, 只有两个方面不同—主要控制和研究客体. 在促进的前提下, 研究对象必须一些词例如: 利润, 野心, 高兴, 成功, 发展等. 在克制的前提下, 他们必学写下坚持, 安全, 保护, 规避, 损失, 责任等词. 实验证明我们假设是成立的. 本研究说明了共同特性对于顾客选择的二重效果. 增加共同特性可以提高或者降低无选择状况. 本文对于理论研究和实践上都有着贡献. 对于市场营销人员来说, 他们可能需要根据顾客的划分来考虑产品的共同特性. 理论上, 研究结果支持共同特性和无选择状况的调节变量. 最后, 本文也有一些不足, 例如过于强调态度的重要性等. 我们希望本文能够为未来的研究做出抛砖引玉的作用.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.146-159
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• 1984

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 시멘트 분산제(分散劑) 및 고유동화제(高流動化劑)를 사용(使用)하여 모르터의 압축(壓縮) 및 인장강도(引張强度)와 감소율(減少率), 흐름시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)하였으며 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 최대강도(最大强度)를 나타내는 이화제(泥和劑)의 최적(最適) 첨가율(添加率)은 배합별(配合別) 공(共)히 같은 경향(傾向)으로 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP는 0.6%이고 분산제(分散劑) LG와 C211은 0.2%, SK는 0.3%, C376은 0.5%로 나타났다. 그런데 사용적량(使用適量)의 2~3배(倍) 과다(過多) 사용시(使用時)는 강도(强度)가 급격(急激)히 저하(低下)하는데 이것은 수화작용(水和作用)에 악영향(惡影響)을 일으켜 응결(凝結)이 상당히 지연(遲延)되는 것으로 본다. 2. 적정량(適定量)의 이화제(泥和劑)를 첨가(添加)하였을 때 압축강도(壓縮强度)는 보통(普通)모르터 보다 재령(材令) 7일(日)에서 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP는 40.7%, 분산제(分散劑)(C211은 19.5%, LG은 19.1%, SK는 18.1%, C376은 17.9%)의 평균(平均) 증가율(增加率)은 18.7%이었으며, 재령(材令)28일(日)에서는 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP가 24.4%, 분산제(分散劑)(LG은 21.2%, C211은 16.4%, SK는 11.1%, C376은 7.6%)의 평균(平均) 증가율(增加率)은 14.1%로 나타냈다. 3. 적정량(適定量)의 이화제(泥和劑)를 첨가(添加)하였을 때 인장강도(引張强度)는 보통(普通)모르터 보다 재령(材令)7일(日)에서 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP가 26.6%, 분산제(分散劑)(SK는 16.0%, C376은 14.7%, LG은 10.0%, C211은 5.8%)의 평균(平均) 증가율(增加率)은 11.6%이었다. 재령(材令)28일(日)에서는 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP는 16.5%, 분산제(分散劑)(LG는 19.1%, SK는 10.6%, C211은 10.1%, C376은 8.7%)의 평균(平均) 증가율(增加率)은 12.1% 이었다. 4. 각각(各各)의 이화제(泥和劑)를 적량(適量) 첨가(添加)했을 때 모르터의 감수율(減水率)은 콘크리트의 감수율(減水率) 보다 작게 나온다. 즉 콘크리트의 감수율(減水率)은 15% 정도(程度) 감수(減水)했다고 했으나 모르터의 감수율(減水率)은 1 : 1의 경우는 최소(最少) 5.8%에서 최대(最大) 13.1%였고, 1 : 2의 경우는 최소(最小) 7.6%에서 최대(最大) 14.2%였으며, 1 : 3의 경우는 최소(最小) 9.5%에서 최대(最大) 18.8%의 범위(範圍)에 있었다. 5. 각(各) 이화제(泥和劑)의 유동성(流動性)은 고유동화제(高流動化劑) SP가 다른 분산제(分散劑) 보다 월등히 좋았다. 즉 1 : 1의 경우 w/c가 30%에서 280(75% 증가(增加)), 1 : 2의 경우는 w/c 가 36%에서 147(23.5% 증가(增加))로 가장 좋았으며, 1 : 3의 경우에서는 다른 분산제(分散劑)와 같은 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 그러므로 이러한 양질(良質)의 분산제(分散劑)는 프리팩트 콘크리트 공사(工事)에 사용(使用)하는 주입전충용(注入塡充用) 모르터에 적합(適合)한 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.841-849
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• 2013

본 연구는 무, 마늘, 생강 등 모든 부재료가 모두 즙액으로 된 양념액과 식초와 겨자 추출액을 사용하여 김치가 양념액에 잠기도록 제조하여 미생물의 증식 억제 및 가식기간 연장 그리고 김치의 맛을 향상시키고자 시도되었으며, 더불어 김치에 색과 맛과 기능성을 강화하기 위하여 들깻잎, 엔다이브잎, 청겨자잎을 절인배추에 첨가하고, $25^{\circ}C$에 9일간 저장하면서 김치의 품질을 연구하였다. 식초와 겨자를 첨가하지 않은 대조군의 김치 국물의 pH는 제조 후 1일에 $5.40{\pm}0.01$이었으나 식초와 겨자 추출액이 첨가된 실험군은 pH가 $4.51{\pm}0.01{\sim}4.52{\pm}0.01$으로 대조군보다 유의적으로 낮았으며, 숙성이 진행되면서 대조군의 pH는 급격히 감소하였으나, 식초와 겨자 추출액을 첨가한 실험군들의 pH가 서서히 감소하였다. 김치 조직도 김치 국물과 유사한 양상을 보였다. 대조군이 실험군들에 비해 초기 산도가 낮았으나, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가 현상이 뚜렷하여 김치 제조 후 1일에 $0.28{\pm}0.03$이었으나, 3일이 지나자 $0.95{\pm}0.04$이 되었다. 반면, 실험군들에서는 제조 후 1일에 $0.42{\pm}0.01{\sim}0.43{\pm}0.02$으로 대조군보다 높았고, 3일까지는 변화가 거의 없다가 5일 후부터는 대조군과 유사해지기 시작했다. 김치 조직의 산도는 전반적으로 김치 국물보다 낮게 나타났고, 산도의 변화 양상은 김치 국물과 유사하였다. 김치 국물의 염도는 대조군과 실험군들 모두 제조 1일 후에 가장 높아 $2.67{\pm}0.06{\sim}2.80{\pm}0.10%$이었으나, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차 감소하였다. 김치 조직의 염도도 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 점차 감소하였으며, 전반적으로 김치 국물보다 낮았다. 젖산균수는 대조군의 경우 김치 제조 후 1일 후에 $8.17{\pm}4.01{\times}10^8cfu/g$으로 실험군들의 $2.70{\pm}2.08{\times}10^7{\sim}3.63{\pm}2.80{\times}10^7cfu/g$보다 많았으며, 3일 후에는 더욱 차이가 나서 대조군은 $3.13{\pm}1.94{\times}10^{11}cfu/g$, 실험군들은 $2.47{\pm}2.23{\times}10^9{\sim}8.03{\pm}3.71{\times}10^9cfu/g$이었다. 그러나 김치 제조 7일이 지나자 대조군과 실험군들 간에 젖산균수 사이에는 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 김치 제조 후 1일의 김치의 색의 경우 대조군의 경우 $2.4{\pm}0.5$이었으나, 식초와 겨자 추출물을 첨가한 실험군들은 $2.9{\pm}0.7{\sim}3.9{\pm}0.7$로 대조군보다 유의적으로 좋다고 하였으며, 냄새도 실험군들이 대조군보다 좋은 평가를 받았다. 이러한 결과는 맛과 조직감 및 전반적인 기호도에서도 같은 결과를 나타내, 대조군보다 실험군들이 모든 항목에서 더 좋다는 유의적인 결과를 보여주었다(p<0.05). 대조군의 pH가 $4.09{\pm}0.01$로 적숙기가 지난 것으로 나타난 김치 제조 후 3일 째인 경우 실험군들은 모두 pH가 $4.55{\pm}0.01{\sim}4.57{\pm}0.01$로 여전히 김치 적숙기의 pH에는 도달하지 않았으나, 관능검사의 모든 항목에서 대조군보다 유의적으로 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 전반적 기호도에서는 들깻잎을 첨가한 실험군 B가 $5.0{\pm}0.0$으로 '가장 좋다'는 점수를 받았으며, 그리고 순서대로 식초와 겨자 추출액 만을 넣은 실험군 A, 엔다이브잎과 청겨자잎을 넣은 실험군 C과 D이었으며, 대조군이 $1.1{\pm}0.4$로 가장 나쁘다고 하였다. 김치 제조 5일 째의 경우에도 모든 항목에서 실험군들이 대조군보다 유의적으로 좋게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과들로부터 부재료인 양념을 모두 즙액상태로 만들어 제조한 액체양념액 김치의 제조할 수 있었으며, 여기에 식초와 겨자를 첨가하므로 초기 미생물의 증식 억제와 함께 가식기간을 연장시킬 수 있었고, 김치의 맛을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 또한 깻잎, 엔다이브, 청겨자잎 등 잎채소의 사용으로 잎채소로부터 오는 각종 무기질과 비타민 그리고 항산화 활성물질을 섭취할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 특히 깻잎을 첨가한 김치의 경우에는 기호가 매우 높았다.