• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.2509-2513
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• 2010

In order to increase protease stability of a novel Trp-rich model antimicrobial peptide, $K_6L_2W_3$ (KLWKKWKKWLK-$NH_2$)and investigate the effect of L-amino acid to peptoid residue conversion on biological functions, we synthesized its antimicrobial peptoid, $k_6l_2w_3$. Peptoid $k_6l_2w_3$ had similar bacterial selectivity compared to peptide $k_66L_2W_3$. The bactericidal rate of $k_6l_2w_3$ was somewhat slower than that of $K_6L_2W_3$. Peptoid $k_6l_2w_3$ exhibited very little dye leakage from bacterial outer-membrane mimicking PE/PG liposomes, as observed in $K_6L_2W_3$, indicating that the major target site of $K_6L_2W_3$ and $k_6l_2w_3$ may be not the cell membrane but the cytoplasm of bacteria. Trypsin treatment of $K_6L_2W_3$ completely abolished antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, the antimicrobial activity of $k_6l_2w_3$ was completely preserved after trypsin treatment. Taken together, our results suggested that antimicrobial peptoid $k_6l_2w_3$ can potentially serves as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of microbial infection.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.411-416
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• 2017

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein complex subunit 6 (EMC6) is a novel human autophagy-related molecule. Here, using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, we report that EMC6 protein is lost or reduced in glandular cells of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, compared to normal stomach mucosa. Overexpression of EMC6 in gastric cancer cells inhibited cell growth, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S-phase. Further investigation suggested that EMC6 overexpression in BGC823 human adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cells reduced tumorigenicity in a xenograft model, demonstrating that EMC6 has the characteristics of a tumor suppressor. This is the first study to show that EMC6 induces cell death in gastric cancer cells. The molecular mechanism of how EMC6 functions as a tumor suppressor needs to be further explored.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2006

Quercitrin gallate was previously isolated from Persicaria lapathifolia (Polygonaceae) as an inhibitor of superoxide production. In the present study, quercitrin gallate was found to inhibit interleukin (IL)-6 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages RAW 264.7 with an $IC_{50}$ value of $63\;{\mu}M$. Furthermore, quercitrin gallate attenuated LPS-induced synthesis of IL-6 transcript but also inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 promoter activity, indicating that the compound could down-regulate IL-6 expression at the transcription level. Since nuclear factor (NF)-kB has been shown to play a key role in LPS-inducible IL-6 expression, an effect of quercitrin gallate on LPS-induced NF-kB activation was further analyzed. Quercitrin gallate exhibited a dosedependent inhibitory effect on LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kB without affecting inhibitory kB (IkB) degradation, and subsequently inhibited LPS-induced NF-kB transcriptional activity in macrophages RAW 264.7. Taken together, quercitrin gallate down-regulated LPS-induced IL-6 expression by inhibiting NF-kB activation, which could provide a pharmacological potential of the compound in IL-6-related immune and inflammatory diseases.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1299_1300
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• 2009

We show results that examine about electrical properties of XLPE insulated 6.6kV cable termination by mechanical damage. The cable used to produce the cable termination is 6/10kV tray XLPE fire retardant electric cable (6/10kV TFR-CV $35SQMM{\times}1C$) which is domestically made. We apply force to XLPE insulator and made mechanical defect using knife. Defected samples go through the withstand voltage test according to the IEEE std. 48 test regulations and lighting impulse (hereunder, IMP) withstand voltage test regulations. Then the effects of the scars shown during the construction process on electric accidents at the end part are analyzed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.818-820
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• 2004

This paper is described the insulation design and 3-D electromagnetic analysis of 6.6kV main transformer for a vessel by F.E.M.. To obtain the optimal design of insulation structure, the electric field stress is analyzed and estimated the proposed model A and B for the characteristics investigation according to the insulation thickness and position. And the performance characteristics of 6.6kV transformer are estimated as the equivalent circuit parameters computed by F.E.M. analysis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.612-616
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• 2016

CD44 pre-mRNA includes 20 exons, of which exons 1-5 ($C_1-C_5$) and exons 16-20 ($C_6-C_{10}$) are constant exons, whereas exons 6-15 ($V_1-V_{10}$) are variant exons. $V_6$-exon-containing isoforms have been known to be implicated in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In the present study, we performed a SR protein screen for CD44 $V_6$ splicing using overexpression and lentivirus-mediated shRNA treatment. Using a CD44 $V_6$ minigene, we demonstrate that increased SRSF3 and SRSF4 expression do not affect $V_6$ splicing, but increased expression of SRSF1, SRSF6 and SRSF9 significantly inhibit $V_6$ splicing. In addition, using a constitutive exon-specific primer set, we could not detect alterations of CD44 splicing after SR protein-targeting shRNA treatment. However, using a $V_6$ specific primer, we identified that reduced SRSF2 expression significantly reduced the $V_6$ isoform, but increased $V_{6-10}$ and $V_{6,8-10}$ isoforms. Our results indicate that SR proteins are important regulatory proteins for CD44 $V_6$ splicing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.04a
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• pp.210-211
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• 2015

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is a network based IP mobility management protocol. PMIPv6 make sure that the IP address of the mobile node remains the same as long as the mobile node roams with in the PMIPv6 domain. A mobile node roams with in a PMIPv6 domain. PMIPv6 protocol doesn't provide the mobility support once the mobile node moves from one PMIPv6 domain to another PMIPv6 domain. This paper proposes a Software Defined Networking (SDN) based PMIPv6 scheme which provides the mobility support for inter PMIPv6 domain movement of mobile node. In the proposed architecture each PMIPv6 domain has a SDN controller and SDN controllers from different domains communicate with each other to share the mobility information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10d
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• pp.128-131
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• 2006

IPv6 프로토콜은 현재 인터넷 프로토콜로 사용되고 있는 IPv4 프로토콜이 가지고 있는 주소 부족 문제, 미흡한 QoS의 제공, 다양한 보안 문제 등을 해결하도록 설계된 차세대 인터넷 표준이다. IPv4에서 IPv6로의 전환이 이루어지고 있는 과정이지만, 아직까지 IPv6가 많이 사용되고 있지는 않고 있어 IPv6 트래픽 모니터링 도구 및 침입대응 장비도 많이 나와 있지 않다. 그러나, IPv6 네트워크가 점진적으로 등장하고 전환이 됨에 따라 IPv6에서 발생할 수 있는 각종 인터넷 침해사고에 대한 대비가 필요하다. 이미 IPv6 프로토콜의 허점을 이용한 서비스 거부공격, 디폴트 라우터 위장공격 등 IPv4에서 발생했던 이상트래픽, IPv6 확장헤더를 이용한 이상트래픽 및 IPv6-over-IPv4 터널링 등의 이상트래픽 발생이 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 IPv6 프로토콜에서 발생할 수 있는 이상트래픽에 대해 살펴보고, 이러한 이상트래픽의 탐지를 위해 IETF 표준인 IPFIX 템플릿을 이상 트래픽 탐지가 가능하게 제안한다. 제안된 IPFIX 플로우 메시지를 이용하여 간단하게 IPv6 이상 트래픽을 분류하는 방법도 제시하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.257-262
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• 2007

In this paper the experiments of breakdown characteristics by temperature change of $SF_6$ gas($GSF_6$), and $SF_6$ liquid ($LSF_6$) in model GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) are described. From the experiment's results, the breakdown characteristics classify the vapor stage of $SF_6$ according to Paschen's law, in which the gas & liquid coexisted stage of voltage value increases, resulting in much deviation and the breakdown of voltage ($V_B$) low stage as the interior of the chamber gets filled with a mixture of $SF_6$ that is not liquefacted and remaining air that cannot be ventilated. The ability of $LSF_6$ insulation is higher than the high-pressurized $SF_6$ gas. The breakdown characteristics of $LSF_6$ were produced by bubble formed evaporation of $LSF_6$ and bubbles caused by high electric emission. It is considered in this paper that the results are fundamental data for electric insulation design of superconductor and cryogenic equipments machinery that will be studied and developed in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.06d
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• pp.327-332
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• 2007

현재 전 세계는 IPv4 주소 자원의 고갈에 대비한 IPv6의 도입을 위해 국가 차원의 전략적인 노력을 기울이고 있으며, 이에 따라 IPv4망에서 IPv6망으로의 안정적인 전이를 위한 상호 운영기술이 지속적으로 개발되고 있다. 이러한 기술을 적용하기 위한 다양한 응용 프로그램의 운영을 위해서 IPv6 뿐만 아니라 IPv6 기반의 Recursive DNS 기술도 그 핵심적인 요소라 할 수 있다. 그렇지만 IPv6 및 IPv6 DNS를 구축과 동시에 사용자 PC의 OS에도 IPv6 및 IPv6 DNS가 설정되어야 한다. 그러나 사용자가 사용하는 운영체제의 종류가 다양하기 때문에 운영체제별 동작도 다르다. 따라서 IPv6 및 IPv6 Recursive DNS을 사용하기 위해서는 사용자 PC의 서로 상이한 운영체제별 IPv6 및 IPv6 DNS 동작을 파악해야만 한다. 이에 본 논문은 운영체제별 IPv6 및 IPv6 DNS 동작을 확인하고 IPv6 및 IPv6 DNS 구축시 고려해야 할 가이드라인을 제시한다.