• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1205-1212
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• 2000

본 연구는 생물학적 인 방출시 유기물 종류 및 대상슬러지가 acetate에 사전 적응여부에 따른 온도의 영향을 관찰하기 위한 연구이다. 실험에 이용된 슬러지는 축산폐수를 처리하는 연속 회분식 반응조(sequencing batch reactor)로부터 채취하였다. 온도는 인의 방출시 크게 영향을 미치는 인자이며 유기물 종류별로 온도가 $5{\sim}30^{\circ}C$로 증가함에 따라 인 방출속도는 증가함이 관찰되었다. 혐기성 상태에서 주입유기물로 acetate, propionate, glucose 및 도시하수를 이용할 경우 인의 방출시 활성화에너지($E_a$) 값들은 각각 49.83, 55.82, 54.61 및 45.44 KJ/mol이었다. 또한 온도보정계수($\theta$)는 각각 1.0676, 1.0826, 1.0748 및 1.0698이었다. 따라서 인이 방출될 때 온도가 증가함에 따라 반응속도는 크게 증가하지만 활성화에너지 및 온도보정계수를 고려한 유기물 종류별 온도의 영향은 큰 차이가 없었다. 대상슬러지로 사전에 acetate에 적응된 슬러지를 이용할 경우 활성화에너지 값 및 온도보정계수는 각각 44.94 KJ/mol 및 1.0570이었다. 이는 적응되지 않은 슬러지로 부터 얻어진 각각의 값(49.83 KJ/mol 및 1.0676)보다 상대적으로 낮음이 관찰되어 슬러지가 acetate에 서전에 적응된 것이 적응되지 않은 것보다 상대적으로 온도의 영향을 적게 받음을 알 수 있었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.279-289
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• 1997

Dark to pale green-colored, Cr-bearing sericites from hydrothermal alteration zone of the Narim gold deposit were investigated mineralogically and geochemically. The alteration zone is composed mineralogically of quartz, carbonate minerals and green sericite with minor amounts of chlorite, barite and sulfide minerals (pyrite, sphalerite, galena). The zone is enriched in As (967 to 1520 ppm), Cu (31 to 289 ppm), Ni (1027 to 1205 ppm), Pb (0.20 to 1.24 wt.%) and Zn (1.03 to 1.07 wt. %) compared with fresh rocks such as granitic gneiss, porphyritic biotite granite and basic dyke. The Cr, probably the chromophore element, is highly enriched in the alteration zone (1140 to 1500 ppm), host granitic gneiss (1200 ppm) and porphyritic biotite granite (1200 ppm). Occurrence and grain size of sericite are diverse, but most of the Cr-bearing sericites (150 to $200{\mu}m$ long and 20 to $30{\mu}m$ wide) occur along the boundaries between ore veins and host rocks (especially basic dyke and granitic gneiss). X-ray diffraction data of the sericite show its monoclinic form with unit-cell parameters of $a=5.202{\AA}$, $b=8.994{\AA}$, $c=20.103{\AA}$, ${\beta}=95.746^{\circ}$ and $V=935.83{\AA}^3$, which are similar with the normal 2M1-type muscovite. Representative chemical formula of the sericite is ($K_{1.54}Ca_{0.03}Na_{0.01}$)($Al_{3.42}Mg_{0.38}Cr_{0.14}Fe_{0.06}V_{0.02}$)($Si_{6.69}Al_{1.31}$)$O_{20}(OH)_4$. The Cr content increases with decrease of the octahedral Al content, and ranges from 0.36 to 2.58 wt.%. DTA and TG curves of the sericite show endothermic peaks at $342^{\circ}$ to $510^{\circ}$, $716^{\circ}$ to $853^{\circ}$ and $1021^{\circ}C$, which are due to the expulsion of hydroxyl group. The total weight loss by heating is measured to be about 8.8 wt. %, especially at $730^{\circ}C$. Infrared absorption experiments of the sericite show broad absorption band due to the O-H bond stretching vibration near the $3625cm^{-1}$, coupled with the 825 and $750cm^{-1}$ doublet. The vibration bands related with the H-O-Al and Si-O-Al bonds occur at $1030cm^{-1}$ and 500 to $700cm^{-1}$, respectively. Based on paragonite content of the sericite, the formation temperature of the Narim gold deposit is calculated to be $220{\pm}10^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.518-526
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• 2013

Gut-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are critical to the development and progression of chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic diseases. In this study, the effects of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on gut-derived lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokine concentrations were evaluated using a human colonic microbiota model. Lactobacillus reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, Bifidobacterium animalis, B. bifidum, B. longum, and B. longum subsp. infantis were identified from the literature for their anti-inflammatory potential. Each bacterial culture was administered daily to a human colonic microbiota model during 14 days. Colonic lipopolysaccharides, and Gram-positive and negative bacteria were quantified. RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were stimulated with supernatant from the human colonic microbiota model. Concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-4 cytokines were measured. Lipopolysaccharide concentrations were significantly reduced with the administration of B. bifidum ($-46.45{\pm}5.65%$), L. rhamnosus ($-30.40{\pm}5.08%$), B. longum ($-42.50{\pm}1.28%$), and B. longum subsp. infantis ($-68.85{\pm}5.32%$) (p < 0.05). Cell counts of Gram-negative and positive bacteria were distinctly affected by the probiotic administered. There was a probiotic strain-specific effect on immunomodulatory responses of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. B. longum subsp. infantis demonstrated higher capacities to reduce TNF-${\alpha}$ concentrations ($-69.41{\pm}2.78%$; p < 0.05) and to increase IL-4 concentrations ($+16.50{\pm}0.59%$; p < 0.05). Colonic lipopolysaccharides were significantly correlated with TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ concentrations (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that specific probiotic bacteria, such as B. longum subsp. infantis, might decrease colonic lipopolysaccharide concentrations, which might reduce the proinflammatory tone. This study has noteworthy applications in the field of biotherapeutics for the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory and metabolic diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1633-1636
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• 2015

Background: The advantages of Rapid Arc plans versus Intensity modulated radiotherapy plans for Carcinoma left breast were analyzed. Materials and Methods: In this study 20 Post mastectomy carcinoma left breast patients were analyzed. Both Intensity modulated Radiotherapy and Rapid Arc plans were generated for these patients. IMRT plans with 7 beams in an arc fashion and VMAT plans with two semi arcs were made to achieve 95% dose coverage to 100% volume. The plans were evaluated using Dose volume Histograms. Results: The mean Conformity and Homogeneity index in VMAT is found to be 1.05 and 0.065 respectively whereas in IMRT it was 1.07 and 0.069. The 20% volume of Heart received a mean dose of 960cGy in VMAT and 1300cGy in IMRT. The mean dose was 1236cGy in VMAT and 1870cGy in IMRT. The ipsilateral Lung received 3395cGy to 5% volume and 1840cGy to 20% volume on an average and the mean dose was 1205cGy in VMAT, while the same were found to be 3525cGy, 2012cGy and 1435cGy respectively in IMRT. The Contralateral Lung received a mean dose of 505cGy in VMAT and 553cGy in IMRT. The mean Monitor units in VMAT were 512MU and 1170MU in IMRT. The NTID in VMAT is $108.8{\times}10^5Gycm^3$ and $110.1{\times}10^5Gycm^3$ in IMRT. Conclusions: The target coverage, homogeneity and Conformity index were better in VMAT plans. The Ipsilateral Lung and heart dose were very less in VMAT plans. The Contralateral Lung dose and the Normal Tissue Integral Dose were also lesser in VMAT plans however the difference is not very appreciable. The MU in VMAT plans is almost 50% that of the IMRT plans which results in the reduction of treatment time. On the whole VMAT proves to be a better modality for treating Ca. Left Breast Patients.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1199-1205
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• 2017

산업화의 급격한 진전으로 인한 에너지 소비가 세계적으로 증가되면서 새로운 에너지 저장 소자에 대한 개발의 필요성이 늘고 있으며, 이에 빠른 충 방전 시간과 반영구적으로 사용이 가능한 슈퍼커패시터에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서는 수열반응(Hydrothermal) 제조법을 이용하여 기판인 탄소섬유(carbon cloth)에 비정질의 이산화망간($MnO_2$)을 도포하여 슈퍼커패시터를 제작하였다. 탄소섬유에 Fe 이온이 도핑 된 이산화망간을 결합한 전극으로 이루어진 슈퍼커패시터의 특성 파악을 위해 전기주사현미경(SEM), X-ray 회절분석(XRD), 그리고 X-ray 분광 분석(EDX)을 실시하였다. 또한, 1 M의 $Na_2SO_4$ 전해질에서 순환전압전류법(Cyclic Voltammetry)과 정전류충전법(Galvanostatic charge-discharge)을 통해 슈퍼커패시터의 전기화학적 특성을 조사하였으며, 이를 통해 전류밀도 1 A/g에서 정전용량이 163 F/g 임을, 그리고 1000 회의 충 방전 후 수명 측정 시에 안정적으로 87.34%가 유지됨을 확인하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.1201-1205
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• 2005

목 적 : 최근 10년 동안 발생하였던 연구균 감염 후 급성 사구체신염을 5년 단위로 I군과 II군로 나누어 기간에 따른 임상 양상과 검사 소견들의 변화를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 충남대학교병원 소아과에서 1995년 1월부터 2004년 8월까지 10년 동안 연구균 감염 후 급성 사구체신염으로 진단되어 입원 치료를 받았던 환아들 중에서 추적 관찰이 가능하였던 74례를 대상으로 1995년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 I군(31명), 2000년 1월부터 2004년 8월까지 II군(43명)으로 나누어 임상 및 검사 소견들을 후향적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : I군과 II군에 대한 비교연구 결과 두 군 모두에서 남아에서 많이 발생하였고, 겨울에 빈발하였으며 1-2주의 잠복기를 나타낸 상기도 감염이 선행 질환으로 가장 많았다. 발생 연령은 II군(7.4세)에서 I군(9.2세)보다 낮았다. 육안적 혈뇨 증상의 발생 빈도는 I군과 II군 모두에서 높게 나타났으나, 두 그룹간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 임상 증상의 경과에서 부종과 고혈압은 2주내에 I군과 II군 모두에서 완해되었다. 단백뇨 증상의 발생 빈도는 II군에서 I군보다 높았으며, 육안적 혈뇨와 단백뇨 증상의 발현 기간도 II군에서 I군 보다 오래 지속되었다. 결 론 : 최근 2000년대에는 연구균 감염 후 급성 사구체신염의 발생 연령이 이전보다 낮아지고, 높은 발생 빈도를 나타낸 육안적 혈뇨 증상의 발현 기간이 연장되면서, 단백뇨 증상의 발현 빈도가 증가하면서 단백뇨가 완해되는 기간도 연장되었다. 그러나 임상 경과와 예후는 차이가 없었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.274-277
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 다제내성을 보이는 인체 병원균의 하나인 S. aureus에서 유래된 FtsZ 단백질의 유전자를 클로닝하고 대장균에 형질전환하여 재조합 단백질을 만들고, in vitro 상에서 폴리머 형성 활성을 측정하였다. Bradford 방법을 이용하여 SA FtsZ단백질의 농도를 측정한 후, SA FtsZ단백질의 폴리머 형성 활성을 확인하기 위해 형광계를 이용하여 excitation 방향과 $90^{\circ}$의 방향에서 산란되는 빛의 양을 측정하는 방법을 사용하였을 때에 대조군에서는 빛이 산란되지 않았고, SA FtsZ 단백질에 GTP와 $Mg^{2+}$를 처리한 실험군에서만 빛이 산란되는 현상을 관찰하였다. 1분여의 시간이 지난 이후에는 다시 산란되는 빛이 줄어드는 것을 볼 수 있는데, 이것은 SA FtsZ 단백질의 아미노말단 도메인의 GTPase 활성에 의해서 GTP가 분해되어서 SA FtsZ 단백질의 폴리머가 단량체로 분해되었기 때문이라고 예측된다. 본 연구를 통하여 확립된 SA FtsZ 활성 측정 방법은 향후 SA FtsZ 단백질의 폴리머 형성을 저해하는 방식으로 S. aureus를 표적으로 하는 항생제 후보물질 도출을 위한 스크리닝 방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2010

Efforts to evaluate water pollution using indicator microorganisms have been underway for decades, and driven by research on water purity control applications, water quality criteria are growing more and more strict. Furthermore, recent reports indicate that high concentrations of antibiotics are not absorbed, and are present in excrement from animals and humans dosed with unnecessarily high levels of antibiotics. This has emerged as very important issue from the standpoint of being an ecological and health hazard. In this study, water pollution was analyzed through physicochemical and microbiological means, and antibiotic resistance in indicator microorganisms was assessed. In physicochemical analysis, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)$_5$ and chemical oxygen demand (COD)$_{Mn}$ evaluation showed that pollution by organisms was highest at the G1 location with a high human population, and the DP location which has many livestock-containing households. The indicator organism levels at the G1 location were: Total Coliforms (1205 colony forming units (CFU)/100 ml), Fecal Coliforms (270 CFU/100 ml), Escherichia coli (253 CFU/100 ml) and Fecal Streptococci (210 CFU/100 ml), while for the DP location levels were: Total Coliforms (1480 CFU/100 ml), Fecal Coliforms (438 CFU/100 ml), E. coli (560 CFU/100 ml), and Fecal Streptococci (348 CFU/100 ml). Levels of fecal indicator microorganisms such as Fecal Coliforms, E. coli and Fecal Streptococci were high at all locations in the fall (the period after the rainy season), and the yearly distribution was similar between these organisms. If the number of livestock-containing households was high, almost all strains of E. coli (as distinct from the other indicator organisms) showed resistance to antibiotics, with the degree of resistance varying between areas. E. coli strains from the OY area in particular, which has a high population density, showed strong resistance to AM10 and Va30. While strong antibiotic resistance was observed overall at the DP and OY locations, no resistance was observed at the EB location.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1205-1215
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• 2015

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have great potential for assisting heavy metal hyperaccumulators in the remediation of contaminated soils. However, little information is available about the symbiosis of AMF associated with an antimony (Sb) accumulator plant under natural conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the colonization and molecular diversity of AMF associated with the Sb accumulator ramie (Boehmeria nivea) growing in Sb-contaminated soils. Four Sb mine spoils and one adjacent reference area were selected from Xikuangshan in southern China. PCR-DGGE was used to analyze the AMF community composition in ramie roots. Morphological identification was also used to analyze the species in the rhizosphere soil of ramie. Results obtained showed that mycorrhizal symbiosis was established successfully even in the most heavily polluted sites. From the unpolluted site Ref to the highest polluted site T4, the spore numbers and AMF diversity increased at first and then decreased. Colonization increased consistently with the increasing Sb concentrations in the soil. A total of 14 species were identified by morphological analysis. From the total number of species, 4 (29%) belonged to Glomus, 2 (14%) belonged to Acaulospora, 2 (14%) belonged to Funneliformis, 1 (7%) belonged to Claroideoglomus, 1 (7%) belonged to Gigaspora, 1 (7%) belonged to Paraglomus, 1 (7%) belonging to Rhizophagus, 1 (7%) belonging to Sclervocystis, and 1 (7%) belonged to Scutellospora. Some AMF sequences were present even in the most polluted site. Morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis both revealed that most species were affiliated with Glomus, suggesting that Glomus was the dominant genus in this AMF community. This study demonstrated that ramie associated with AMF may have great potential for remediation of Sb-contaminated soils.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1198-1205
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to isolate and identify new methanogens in Korea from an anaerobic digester that uses pig slurry. Methods: An anaerobic digestate sample was collected from an anaerobic digester using pig slurry. Pre-reduced media were used for the growth and isolation of methanogens. Growth temperature range, pH range, NaCl concentration range, substrate utilization, and antibiotic tolerance were investigated to determine the physiological characteristics of isolated methanogens. The isolates were also examined microscopically for their morphology and Gram-stained. Polymerase chain reaction of 16S rRNA and mcrA gene-based amplicons was used for identification purpose. Results: Four strains, designated KOR-3, -4, -5, and -6, were isolated and were non-motile, irregular coccoid, and 0.5 to $1.5{\mu}m$ in diameter. Moreover, the cell walls of isolated strains were Gram-negative. KOR-3 and KOR-4 strains used acetate for methane production but did not use $H_2+CO_2$, formate, or methanol as a growth substrate KOR-5 and KOR-6 strains utilized acetate, methanol, and trimethylamine for methanogenesis but did not use $H_2+CO_2$ or formate as a growth substrate. The optimum temperature and pH for growth of four strains were $39^{\circ}C$ and 6.8 to 7.2, respectively. The optimum concentration of NaCl for growth of KOR-3, KOR-5, and KOR-6 were 1.0% (w/v). The optimum NaCl concentration for KOR-4 was 0.5% (w/v). All of the strains tolerated ampicillin, penicillin G, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline; however, chloramphenicol inhibited cell growth. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and mcrA genes demonstrated that strains KOR-3, -4, -5, and -6 are related to Methanosarcina mazei (M. mazei, 99% sequence similarity). Conclusion: On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strains KOR-3, -4, -5, and -6 are proposed to be new strains within the genus Methanosarcina, named M. mazei KOR-3, -4, -5, and -6.