• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.70-79
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• 2003

Paper coating can give smoothness surface and good printability to uncoated paper. Macro roughness of base paper would be decreasing its groove and grit in view of side. Nevertheless its improving effect for paper, some kind of problem is showing in the fine coated paper. Especially, back trap mottle is one of serious problems in printing with fine coated paper. Printers can not adjust conditions to overcome the problem. Also large amounts of paper can be rejected. There are many factors that influence back trap mottle. However it is not clear what the important parameters are in back trap mottle. Back trap mottle has some relationship with ink setting but good guidelines are not clear. Back trap mottle has been linked to non-uniform ink setting. We do not know how much variation in setting we can tolerate. Other mottle issues such as micro-picking and ink refusal are still common. This paper was prepared to identify correlation with ink setting and delta ink density obtained from experiment and then tried to find out some relationships with ink setting and back trap mottle. Basically fine calcium carbonate and ciay was used for main components and coarse calcium carbonate was mixed in two fine pigments to change its porosity and ink acceptance. Micro ink tack force at KRK printing tester was adapted to measure ink setting rate. KRK units were used for back trap mottle simulation and two printed samples were prepared to check delta ink density. Clay base coating has more fast ink setting time than calcium carbonate's though smoothness of clay was better than calcium carbonate. It could be explained by that clay has finer pore in its coating than calcium carbonate. DID(delta ink density) has shown a good correlation with ink setting time from micro ink tack. The total pore volume of coating layer did not match with ink setting and DID. From the results we might conclude coating that has fine pore size around 0.05 ${\mu}m$ can be exposed to high possibility of back trap mottle.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.149-156
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• 2012

The Fabric Electrode was proposed for the effective production of the display based on electrowetting in this paper and designed the source driver of flexible display which could be driven by the electrowetting cell. The electrowetting cell matrix was implemented on the substrate(PET) by imprinting. The driver fabric, wetting electrode fabric and conductive fabric was placed horizontally and vertically in the groove between cell matrix and the electrowetting cell matrix can be driven by the cross-point as electric connection. The integration density of driver module is decreased because using the R/2R DAC module per channel in the conventional method. The proposed method could utilize the effective production process and reduce the production price of a display panel. The source driver which consume lower power and can increase the integration density because of reducing the number of driver device per channel was designed and evaluate the driver operation by the simulation using the VHDL programming in this paper.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

Nerve compression is caused by external force or internal pathology, which symptom develops along nerve distribution. There are median, ulnar and radial nerve compression neuropathies below elbow. Carpal tunnel syndrome at the flexor retinaculum is most common among all the entrapment neuropathies. Other causes of median nerve neuropathy include Struther's ligament, biceps aponeurosis, pronator teres, FDS aponeurosis and aberrant muscles, which induce pronator syndrome or anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. Ulnar nerve can be compressed at the elbow by arcade of Struther, medial epicondylar groove, FCU two heads, which develops cubital tunnel syndrome, at the wrist by ganglion, fracture of hamate hook and vascular problem, which develops Guyon's canal syndrome. Radial tunnel syndrome is caused by supinator muscle, which compresses its deep branch. Treatment is conservative at initial stage like NSAID, night splint or steroid injection. If symptom persists, operative treatment should be considered after electrodiagnostic or imaging studies.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.95-104
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• 1999

Use of the ultra thick plate is being continuously increased in large off-shore structures, ships, bridges and skyscraper construction, due to increasingly large-sized steel structures and it seems that this trend will be maintained. But, occurrence of the lamella tearing has been reported in ultra thick plate used for construction. It is reportedly caused by impurities such S(sulfur), P(phosphorus) and others accumulated in the ultra thick plate's centerline in the thickness direction with strip shape or by restraint residual stress caused by the welding. In the ultra thick plate made by continuous casting method, occurrence of lamination is difficult to avoid because of the properties of production procedure. Therefore, with a view to reducing the lamella properties, this report tries tearing in the steel structure in the view of welding strength rather than metallic properties, this report tries to seek the optimum groove and welding procedure by using the computer simulation based on FEM(Finite Element Method).

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.156-171
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• 2023

Purpose: The development of vaccines that confer protection against multiple avian influenza A (AIA) virus strains is necessary to prevent the emergence of highly infectious strains that may result in more severe outbreaks. Thus, this study applied reverse vaccinology approach in strategically constructing messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine construct against avian influenza A (mVAIA) to induce cross-protection while targeting diverse AIA virulence factors. Materials and Methods: Immunoinformatics tools and databases were utilized to identify conserved experimentally validated AIA epitopes. CD8⁺ epitopes were docked with dominant chicken major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) to evaluate complex formation. Conserved epitopes were adjoined in the optimized mVAIA sequence for efficient expression in Gallus gallus. Signal sequence for targeted secretory expression was included. Physicochemical properties, antigenicity, toxicity, and potential cross-reactivity were assessed. The tertiary structure of its protein sequence was modeled and validated in silico to investigate the accessibility of adjoined B-cell epitope. Potential immune responses were also simulated in C-ImmSim. Results: Eighteen experimentally validated epitopes were found conserved (Shannon index <2.0) in the study. These include one B-cell (SLLTEVETPIRNEWGCR) and 17 CD8⁺ epitopes, adjoined in a single mRNA construct. The CD8⁺ epitopes docked favorably with MHC peptidebinding groove, which were further supported by the acceptable ∆G_bind (-28.45 to -40.59 kJ/mol) and Kd (<1.00) values. The incorporated Sec/SPI (secretory/signal peptidase I) cleavage site was also recognized with a high probability (0.964814). Adjoined B-cell epitope was found within the disordered and accessible regions of the vaccine. Immune simulation results projected cytokine production, lymphocyte activation, and memory cell generation after the 1st dose of mVAIA. Conclusion: Results suggest that mVAIA possesses stability, safety, and immunogenicity. In vitro and in vivo confirmation in subsequent studies are anticipated.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2010

Purpose: We reported the results of arthroscopically assisted lateral release and medial imbrication for the recurrent patella dislocation. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (20 knees) underwent arthroscopically assisted surgery for the recurrent patella dislocation. There were 4 males and 16 female. The average age was 20.2 years. All patients had definite trauma history and average follow-up period was 19 months. The surgical results were evaluated according to the Lysholm knee score and the Kujala score. The congruence angle and lateral patellofemoral angle were measured on plain radiograph and the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance was calculated on computerized tomography. Results: The median value of preoperative congruence angle was $16.5^{\circ}$ (range, $0.0{\sim}+34^{\circ}$) and the average final follow-up was $-6.4^{\circ}$ (range, $-19{\sim}10^{\circ}$) with statistically significant improvement (p=0.025). The median value of preoperative Lysholm knee score was 70 (range, 63~81) and the final follow-up score had changed to 88 (range, 80~95) with statistically significant improvement (p=0.0341). The median value of preoperative Kujala score was 72 (range, 65~80) and the average final follow-up score showed 87 (range, 80~92) with statistically significant improvement (p=0.024). Recurrent dislocations after surgery occurred in 2 cases, one case which showed positive "thumb to forearm test" had been treated with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. Conclusion: Arthroscopically assisted lateral release and medial imbrication for recurrent patella dislocation without bony malaligmenent showed the effective treatment, but would be inappropriate for the patients with the generalized joint laxity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.3829-3849
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• 2014

Continued advances in the field of histo pathology (and cyto pathology) over the past two decades have resulted in dramatic changes in the manner in which these disciplines are now practiced. This is especially true in the setting of a large university hospital where the role of pathologists as clinicians (diagnosticians), undergraduate and postgraduate educators, and researchers has evolved considerably. The world around us has changed significantly during this period bringing about a considerable change in our lifestyles and the way we live. This is the world of the internet and the world-wide web, the world of Google and Wikipedia, of Youtube and Facebook where anyone can obtain any information one desires at the push of a button. The practice of histo (and cyto) pathology has also evolved in line with these changes. For those practicing this discipline in a poor, developing country these changes have been breathtaking. This is an attempt to document these changes as experienced by histo (and cyto) pathologists practicing in the biggest center for Histopathology in Pakistan, a developing country in South Asia with a large (180 million) and ever growing population. The Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) in Karachi, Pakistan's largest city has since its inception in the mid-1980s transformed the way histopathology is practiced in Pakistan by incorporating modern methods and rescuing histopathology in Pakistan from the primitive and outdated groove in which it was stuck for decades. It set histopathology in Pakistan firmly on the path of modernity and change which are essential for better patient management and care through accurate and complete diagnosis and more recently prognostic and predictive information as well.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2018

In 22 dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL) of grade 3 or lower, resection of the vastus medialis oblique muscle, patellar anti-rotational suture, fascia lata overlap, and tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) were undertaken to stabilize the patella without trochleoplasty. Data including signalment, clinical symptoms, details of the affected hindlimb, preoperative and postoperative patellar luxation grades, postoperative recovery time, and postoperative complications were obtained from medical records. The grade of lameness was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Mean (${\pm}SEM$) grade of medial patellar luxation was $2.64{\pm}0.11$ preoperatively and $0.2{\pm}0.27$ postoperatively. Mean (${\pm}SEM$) grade of lameness was $1.73{\pm}0.27$ preoperatively and $0.18{\pm}0.15$ postoperatively. Patellar reluxation occurred in 1 of 22 (4.5%) cases requiring additional surgery. At final follow-up, 2 of the 22 (9.0%) dogs, including one with reluxation, had occasional lameness. Client-based questionnaire results demonstrated significant improvements in all parameters. Surgical treatment of MPL that included resection of the vastus medialis oblique without femoral trochlear groove deepening improved surgical outcomes in dogs with up to grade 3 MPL.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.500-506
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• 1999

We designed and fabricated a bidirectional optical transceiver module for low cost access network. An integrated chip forming a pin-PD on an 1.3 urn FP-LD was assembled by flip-chip bonding on a Si optical bench, a single mode fiber with an angled end facet was aligned passively with the integrated chip on V-groove of Si-optical bench. Gaussian beam theory was applied to evaluate the coupling coefficients as a function of some parameters such as alignment distance, angle of fiber end facet, vertical alignment error. The theory is also used to search the bottle-neck between transmittance and receiving coupling efficiency in the bi-directional optical system. Tn this paper, we confirmed that reduction of coupling efficiency by the vertical alignment error between laser beam and fiber core axis can be compensated by controlling the fiber facet angle. In the fabrication of sub-module, a'||'&'||' we made such that the fiber facet have a corn shape with an angled facet only core part, the reflection of transmitted laser beam from the fiber facet could be minimized below -35 dE in alignment distance of 2: 30 /J.m. In the same condition, transmitted output power of -12.1 dEm and responsivity of 0.2. AIW were obtained.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.977-983
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• 2007

Recently, the number of systems which utilize wireless power transmission to a receiving module in a short distance is increasing. For efficient use of receiving space, coils are wound around the ferrite core to produce electromotive force(emf) in suppling power by wireless transmission. This paper analyzed the magnetic flux density distribution in the ferrite core in magnetic field environment which is uniformly oriented along to a single axis at 125kHz. For numerical analysis, Ansoft Maxwell which is applying the FEM(Finite Element Method) method was used. We studied the variations of the gathered magnetic fluxes to the changes of the relative permeabilities of the ferrite cores. Also we calculated the magnetic flux variation by shaving the ferrite core off for the groove of coil winding. Results showed that using a small ferrite core in magnetic field at 100kHz band can increase the amount of magnetic flux $3{\sim}4 times$ than without the core. The magnetic flux decreased 23% by shaving the core 0.5 mm on the periphery of 4.75 mm radius core with the relative permeability 800.