• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2008

Although the arthritis symptoms observed in the K/BxN model have been shown to be dependent on the functions of T and B cells specific to the self antigen glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, less is known about the in vivo roles of $CD4^{+}CD25^{+}$ regulatory T($T_{reg}$) cells in the pathology of K/BxN mice. We determined the quantitative and functional characteristics of the $T_{reg}$ cells in K/BxN mice. These mice contained a higher percentage of $Foxp3^+\;T_{reg}$ cells among the $CD4^+$ T cells than their BxN littermates. These $T_{reg}$ cells were anergic and efficiently suppressed the proliferation of $na\ddot{i}ve$ $CD4^+$ T cells and cytokine production by effector $CD4^+$ T cells in vitro. Antibody-mediated depletion of $CD25^+$ cells caused K/BxN mice to develop multi-organ inflammation and autoantibody production, while the symptoms of arthritis were not affected. These results demonstrate that despite the inability of the $T_{reg}$ cells to suppress arthritis development, they play a critical role protecting the arthritic mice from systemic expansion of autoimmunity.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.299-306
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• 2011

Background: $CD4^+Fop3^+$ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are needed to maintain peripheral tolerance, but their role in the development of autoimmune arthritis is still debated. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism by which Tregs influence autoimmune arthritis, using a mouse model entitled K/BxN. Methods: We generated Treg-deficient K/BxNsf mice by congenically crossing K/BxN mice with Foxp3 mutant scurfy mice. The arthritic symptoms of the mice were clinically and histopathologically examined. The proportions and activation of $CD4^+$ T cells and/or dendritic cells were assessed in the spleens, draining lymph nodes and synovial tissue of these mice. Results: K/BxNsf mice exhibited earlier onset and more aggressive progression of arthritis than their K/BxN littermates. In particular, bone destruction associated with the influx of numerous RANKL+ cells into synovia was very prominent. They also contained more memory phenotype $CD4^+$ T cells, more Th1 and Th2 cells, and fewer Th17 cells than their control counterparts. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells expressing high levels of CD86 and CD40 were elevated in the K/BxNsf synovia. Conclusion: We conclude that Tregs oppose the progression of arthritis by inhibiting the development of $RANKL^+$ cells, homeostatically proliferating $CD4^+$ T cells, Th1, Th2 and mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and by inhibiting their influx into joints.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.669-674
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• 2006

In order to develop a model on the quality and nutrition label of Korean fruit plum, we first examined the quality and nutritional characteristics of Korean Plum, ChooHee. The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash and N-free extinct were 92% 0.74% 0.64% 1.65%, 0.32% 4.29% respectively. Thus the total calorie of the sample was 32 kcal/100 g. The content of sugar, acidity and Vitamin C were $33{\pm}0.85 Bx^{\circ}$, $1.08{\pm}0.12%$ and $7.037{\pm}0.317mg%$ respectively. The principle minerals were S, K, Ca, Na, and Mg. Major free sugars were fructose, glucose and sucrose and major organic acid were succinic acid, malic acid and citric acid. The difference of contents of total phenols between peel and flesh pare were considerable. The total phenolic contents of whole fruit were $75.55{\pm}0.73mg%$. On the above results, the quality and nutrition label of Korean plum were developed in the first time. We expect that this study on labeling could play an important role to the quality control and marketing of Korean agricultural products.