• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2015

Background: Although organizing pneumonia (OP) responds well to corticosteroid therapy, relapse is common during dose reduction or follow-up. Predictors of relapse in OP patients remain to be established. The aim of the present study was to identify factors related to relapse in OP patients. Methods: This study was retrospectively performed in a tertiary referral center. Of 66 OP patients who were improved with or without treatment, 20 (30%) experienced relapse. The clinical and radiologic parameters in the relapse patient group (n=20) were compared to that in the non-relapse group (n=46). Results: Multivariate analysis demonstrated that percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), $PaO_2/FiO_2$, and serum protein level were significant predictors of relapse in OP patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.97; p=0.018; OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04; p=0.042; and OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.87; p=0.039, respectively). Conclusion: This study shows that FVC, $PaO_2/FiO_2$ and serum protein level at presentation can significantly predict relapse in OP patients.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.364-370
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of lipid type on the physicochemical properties and sensory score of pork patties. The samples consisted of pork patties containing 20% pork fat (PP), 20% olive oil (OP), and 20% soybean oil (SP). The surface color, water holding capacity, increased rate in thickness, decreased rate in diameter, rheological properties, pH, VBN content and TBARS value were determined for the pork patties as the physicochemical properties: the sensory scores were also evaluated. The $L^*$ value for PP was the highest, and the lowest for OP among the samples (p<0.05). For the $a^*$ value OP was the highest among the samples, and the $b^*$ value of OP was lower than that of the PP (p<0.05). The water holding capacity and increased rate of thickness were higher for PP than for OP and SP (p<0.05). The cooking loss and decreased rate of diameter of PP were lower than those of OP and SP (p<0.05). The hardness and springiness of OP and SP were higher than those of PP, and SP had the highest chewiness among the samples (p<0.05). However, cohesiveness and gumminess were not different among the samples. The pH of SP was the highest among the samples, and the TBARS value of OP was lowest (p<0.05). The VBN contents were not different among the samples. The amounts of raw color for OP and SP were higher than that of PP (p<0.05). The raw aroma was not different among the samples. Also, roasted aroma and taste were not different among the samples, but the tenderness, juiciness, and palatability of SP were the highest among the samples (p<0.05).

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.768-776
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• 2014

Using a simplified high-frequency small-signal equivalent circuit model for BSIM3 MOSFET, the fully differential two-stage folded-cascode CMOS operational amplifier is analyzed to obtain its small-signal voltage transfer function. As a result, the expressions for dc gain, five zero frequencies, five pole frequencies, unity-gain frequency, and phase margin are derived for op amp design using design equations. Then the analysis result is verified through the comparison with Spice simulations of both a high speed op amp and a low power op amp designed for the $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS process.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1993.07a
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• pp.479-482
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• 1993

A fully balanced differential amplifier can achieve high-gain wide-bandwidth characteristics. And also, Offset PSRR, CMRR and Noise performance of that are excellent, but these merits can be achieved only when the architecture holds fully balanced. Commonly, the fully balanced differential amplifier has a common mode feedback(CMFB) circuit in order to maintain the balance. This paper presents improved characteristics of the CMFB circuit and designs the wide-bandwidth CMOS Op-amp. The unity gain bandwidth of this Op-amp is 50MHz with the load capacitor 2pF, and the value of phase margin is $85^{\circ}$.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of a herbal preparation HJ01 consisting of Salicornia herbacea, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Crataegi Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radix on adipocyte differentiation in OP9 cells and on poloxamer 407(P-407)-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. Methods : 1. MTT assay was used to evaluate the potential cytotoxicity of Salicornia herbacea, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Crataegi Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix and HJ01, respectively. 2. Bone-marrow derived OP9 cells were treated with HJ01, and the alterations in fat storage in the cells were determined by the Oil red O assay. 3. The protein level of CAAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha($C/EBP{\alpha}$), as a adipocyte differentiation marker, was examined using western blot analysis in differentiated OP6 cells. 4. Adult male C57BL6 mice received intraperitoneal injections of P407 to induce hyperlipidemia, simultaneously, were treated with HJ01 for 4 weeks. Then the cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels in sera and liver tissues were measured. Results : 1. The MTT assay exhibited that Salicornia herbacea, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Crataegi Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix and HJ01 showed no significant cytotoxicity in tested dosages. 2. Ten days' treatment with HJ01 markedly inhibited the increases in fat storage in differentiated OP6 cells. 3. Four weeks' treatment with HJ01 down-regulated the protein level of CAAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha($C/EBP{\alpha}$) but up-regulated the levels of adiponectin in differentiated OP9 cells. 5. HJ01 inhibited the accumulation of TC and TG in liver tissues and increased serum levels of TC in hyperlipidemic mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that HJ01 can in vitro inhibit adipocyte differentiation and fat storage in OP6 cells, in vivo improve the hyperlipidemia induced by P-407 in mice, which may be mediated by promoting glucose uptake and improving a lipid metabolite profile.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2003

Bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) are known endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with estrogenic activity in fish. This study compared the effects of BPA, NP and OP on in vitro vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis in primary cultures of hepatocytes of the Chinese minnow Phoxinus oxycephalus. The VTG secreted into the culture medium was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which we developed in this study using an antibody prepared from homogenates of Chinese minnow egg. VTG synthesis was induced by estradiol-17$\beta$ ($E_2$) and phenols (BPA, NP and OP) treatment. $E_2$ at concentrations of 10$^{-6}$ M or higher increased VTG levels significantly (P < 0.05). Exposure to 10^5\;M\;BPA\;or\;10^-4$M NP and OPinduced in vitro VTG synthesis (P < 0.01). However, $10^-3$ M BPA, NP or OP did not induce VTG synthesis. These results suggest that SPA has the highest estrogenic potential in Chinese minnow hepatocytes. Tamoxifen, an anti-estrogen, drastically blocked the production of VTG by phenols (BPA, NP and OP) suggesting that phenols (BPA, NP and OP) may act via binding to estrogen receptor (ER) in Chinese minnow hepatocytes.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

Good Laboratory Practice(GLP) is becoming more and more important in the research and development of Oriental Pharmacy(OP) and its globalization. If a OP product is to be registered as Over-the-Counter(OTC) drug and enter international markets, the safety and efficacy studies conducted according to GLP requirements is necessary. The article introduces the content of GLP requirements and the recent development of GLP. The safety and efficacy assessment for OP or herbal medicines under GLP are also covered. This paper also briefly describes the areas that should be covered by GLP regulation and the areas that do not need to follow GLP requirements.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11c
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• pp.38-41
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• 2001

To reduce the wasted power with using an OP-AMP, 3 circuit supplying the same amount of power to load through overall voltage range can able proposed. With this type of design, the power that induced to the devices in the circuit will be reduced, we can also develope a small size power supply with the OP-AMP developed using this design. If we need a OP-AMP needed to handle higher power than usual, another design technique can be proposed. With substituting one device with the devices connected in series, the power loaded to each devices in the series devices can be reduced. This thesis contents the design of an OP-AMP to use in high power fields with small thermal dissipation.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.202-207
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• 2017

Objective: The self-decisions of the client regarding the meaningful work as a therapeutic approach of client-orientation. The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is an occupation-oriented problem-solving approach. The purpose of this study was to describe the goals and intervention protocols of CO-OP in those affected by stroke. Design: A systematic review. Methods: Using EBSCOhost, PubMed, and ProQuest databases, we searched studies published in the past decade that utilized the CO-OP intervention. An initial search revealed 71,171 potential articles. After applying our search criteria to screen the titles, abstracts, and full-text, we included 7 articles that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this study, we used the patient, intervention(s), comparison, outcome method to analyze the 7 selected studies. We analyzed the frequency of goals and intervention protocols. Results: Seven articles met our selection criteria; these studies included participants with an almost normal cognitive function from inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation facilities. CO-OP was used for 237 goals; the most used goal was the instrumental activities of daily living. The training procedure used 3 types of self-selecting goals in the activities. One of the goals was not trained, but was only evaluated to determine the generation effect. The most common outcome measurements included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Performance Quality Rating Scale. Conclusions: This research provided information about the effectiveness of CO-OP and selecting the correct evaluation tool to assess the efficiency of the intervention. This study suggests that treatment with CO-OP in occupational therapy is effective and that it outlines common protocols.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.665-670
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• 2016

In this paper, we suggest the design of OP-AMP using MOSFET in the operation of sub-threshold condition as a basic unit of an IoT. The sub-threshold operation of MOSFET is useful for an ultra low power consumption of sensor network system in the IoT, because it cause the supply voltage to be reduced. From the simulation result using 0.35 um CMOS process, the supply voltage, VDD can be reduced with 0.6 V, open-loop gain of 43 dB and the power consumption was evaluated with about $1.3{\mu}W$ and the active size for an integration was measured with $64{\mu}m{\times}105{\mu}m$. It is expected that the proposed circuit is applied to the low power sensor network for IoT.