• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2004

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus(BmNPV) ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) promoter fragments of different lengths were amplified from BmNPV ZJ-8 genomic DNA by PCR. Reporter plasmids pBmegt542-luc, pBmegt309-luc and pBmegtl59-luc with luciferase (lue) driven by egt promoters were constructed. Both in vitro and in vivo expressions showed that BmNPV egt promoter activity requires the transactivation of viral factor(s), and expression of luc was detected earliest at 24 hrs post infection (pi). BmNPV ZJ-8 homologous region 3 (hr3) increased the expression of luc by over 1,600-fold. Molting hormone of 1.0 - 2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ can dramatically down regulate expression of luc. Juvenile hormone analogue of 0.5-2.0 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$ increased expression of luc by 145.8% to 75.7%. Deletion assay revealed that the promoter fragment of 159 bp contains the basal promoter structure; Promoter fragments of 309 bp and 542 bp showed similar but much higher transcriptional activities than that of 159 bp, suggesting that nucleotide from -159 to -309 nt upstream the translation initiation site harbors the main cis-acting elements.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2011

Cathepsins are well-characterized proteases that are ubiquitously expressed in lysosomes. Previous work revealed that $Bombyx$ $mori$ cathepsins B and D are expressed in the fat body and undergo decomposition during larval-pupal metamorphosis. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect cathepsin gene expression at the transcription level when challenged by $B.$ $mori$ nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), temperature and hormones (20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone analogue (JHA)). mRNAs encoding cathepsins B and D were significantly enhanced after the larvae were infected with BmNPV, and the peak of the induction appeared at 1 day before spinning. This attenuated the inducing effect on cathepsin expression caused by infection. Temperature shock induced cathepsin expression at the later stage of the $5^{th}$ instar, and transcription levels varied with development stage and temperature. Cathepsin B and D mRNA expression in the fat body were significantly induced by JHA at the day before spinning, and with 20E, the expression reached a peak at the last day of the $5^{th}$ instar. Cathepsin B and D mRNA expression exhibited detectable changes post-treatment, without significant differences between or among the hormone concentrations.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2012

We investigated the effects of fadrozol, an aromatase inhibitor (AI), and $17{\alpha}$-methyltestosterone (MT) on the induction of sex change in juvenile longtooth grouper $Epinephelus$ $bruneus$, via histological observation of gonads. Changes in the mRNA expression of GtH subunits (FSH-${\beta}$ and LH-${\beta}$) in the pituitary, and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels in the blood were also surveyed after AI and MT treatment. Juvenile longtooth groupers ($113{\pm}17g\;body\;weight$; $16.2{\pm}1.2cm\;body\;length$) received intramuscular injections of AI at 3 (3-AI) and 5 (5-AI) mg/kg BWdoses and MT at a 5 mg/kg BW (5-MT) dose. At week 7 post-injection, 3-AI and 5-MT oocytes were degenerated, and gonads of the 5-AI group initiated spermatogenesis. At week 21 post-injection, 3-AI- and 5-MT-treated gonads contained spermatogonia and spermatocytes, while 5-AI treatment induced advanced stages of spermatogenesis. The serum E2 level showed no significant differences throughout the experimental period, whereas that of 11-KT was significantly elevated in the 5-AI group at weeks 7 and 21 post-injection. A significant increase in the expression of FSH-${\beta}$ mRNA was evident in the 5-AI group at week 21 post-injection. In contrast, LH-${\beta}$ mRNA expression did not significantly differ among groups during the experimental period. These results imply that sex change has two stages in the longtooth grouper. In the first stage, oocytes are degenerated by the stimulation by 11-KT, and in the second stage spermatogenesis occurs, owing to the co-effects of 11-KT and FSH-${\beta}$.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2005

Though many insecticides are commercially available, development of resistance, pest resurgence and effects on non-target organisms led to the search for alternate insect pest management (IPM) strategy based on larval growth and reproductive fitness. Reproductive potential of insects depends on its acquiring of vitellogenic competence which is under hormonal control. Exogenous application of analogues of JR (JHAs) and ecdysterone could derail normal development and reproduction in insects by manipulating an array of physiological processes. In the rice pest, brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, JHA, hydroprene induced metathetely from the fifth (final) instar nymphs in an age-dependent manner. Day 0 of the final instar showed highest sensitivity to induce this abnormal development. Adults emerged from treated day 3 nymphs looked normal. Both the morphotypes were reproductively incompetent and showed partial to complete sterility. Pre-adult exposure of the ovarian tissue to hydroprene suppressed mitotic division of germinal cells and induced abnormalities in the later s1ages of growth and differentiation of ovary in N. lugens. More over the nymphal exposure to hydroprene inhibited patency changes of follicular epithelium and affected competence of the follicles for yolk sequestration. In the absence of ovarian growth and oocyte differentiation, germarium found disintegrated, trophic core regressed and terminal oocytes resorbed. Hydroprene exposure to newly ecdysed brachypterous females did not affect ovarian development and egg production. Proper larval-adult transition appeared as a. prerequisite for vitellogenic competence in N. lugens for which the ovarian tissues must be exposed to ecdysterone in the internal milieu devoid of JH.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2011

Amphiprion melanopus의 난발생과 자치어의 형태학적 발달에 대한 기초 조사와 함께, 먹이생물과 갑상선호르몬이 자치어의 성장과 체색에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수정 후, 부화까지 총 168시간이 소요되었다. 갓 부화 자어의 크기는 평균 $3.5{\pm}0.3$ mm 으며, 대부분의 자어는 부화 후 경과일 수에 따라 체색 변화(변태)를 나타내었다; DAH(days afterhatching) 10: 체색 흑화, DAH 15~20: 3개의 흰 줄무늬 출현, DAH 30: 등과 꼬리지느러미의 흰 줄무늬가 사라지기 시작,DAH 90: 체색 주황색; 성어: 체색은 진한 계피색이며 머리에만 흰 줄무늬 남음. Artemia와 T. japonicus를 함께 공급한실험구의 성장은 Artemia만 공급한 실험구보다 빨랐다. T. japonicus 만을 공급한 실험구의 지느러미 체색은 진하고 선명한 주황색이었다. 갑상선호르몬을 처리한 4 ppm구의 성장이 다른 실험구(0, 2, 6 ppm)보다 빨랐고 6 ppm구가 가장 느렸다. 본 연구의 결과, 주요 먹이생물로 알려져 있는 Artemia와 함께 T. japonicus를 공급함으로써 A. melanopus의 성장과체색을 개선시킬 수 있었고, 갑상선호르몬 또한 변태 및 체색 형성에 직접적으로 관여할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-41
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• 1973

昆蟲의 알라타體의 호르몬 生産과 그 構造的變化를 밝히기 위하여 松蟲을 對象으로 變態 各時期의 알라타腺細胞의 微細構造의 變化를 電子顯微鏡으로 追究했다. 미토콘드리아는 越冬에서 最終齡幼蟲까지와 용화 直後에서 20日용 까지는 活動相을 보이는 反面 營繭期부터 용화 直前의 전용까지는 不活性相을 보인다. 알라타體의 변두리 細胞는 幼蟲期 특히 越冬幼蟲에서는 滑成小胞體의 液胞속에 電子密度가 높은 顆粒을 가졌고 管狀粗性小胞體의 一端이 膨張하여 굵은 滑性小胞體의 液胞로 되며 그中 얼마는 纖維性蛋白質을 含有한다. 한편 두 細胞사이의 空腔에도 液胞가 나타나는데 그들은 서로 融合하여 커지지만 이들 兩者는 용화 直前에 없어진다. 그러나 용화후 細胞質內液胞는 다시 나타나므로 分泌活動은 再開된다고 생각된다. 알라타體에 와있는 軸索속에 神經分泌顆粒이 羽化直前인 20日용부터 5日되는 成蟲까지에서만 나타난다는 事實은 알라타體의 分泌가 이 時期에는 腦의 支配下에 있음을 알려주고 幼蟲期부터 早期용까지는 그런 顆粒이 나타나지 않으므로 그 分泌가 腦와는 아무런 關係가 없음을 意味한다. 3日 되는 成蟲에서 電子密度가 높은 顆粒이 細胞質속 核부근의 큰 液胞속에 나타나고 그 液胞는 數와 크기가 增加하므로 核은 5日成蟲에서 畏縮한다. 이것은 아마 腺細胞의 機能退化相일 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 알라타體는 호르몬 生産과 그 分泌機構에서 볼 때 年齡에 따라 적어도 두가지 호르몬 卽最終齡幼蟲까지 腦의 直接的刺戟없이 幼若호르몬을, 그다음 늦은 용기부터 成蟲까지 腦의 刺戟을 받아서 生殖腺刺戟호르몬을 分泌한다고 보며8 老熟幼蟲에서 전용까지에 觀察되는 分泌相은 아마 ecdysone에 의한 蛋白質合成과 관계가 있을 것이고 또 腦의 支配下에 있지 않는 早期용 에서의 分泌相은 前胸腺刺戟活動과 관계있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.186-195
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• 1994

Fibromatosis is benign fibroblastic proliferative lesion with abundant collagenous neo-formation located principally in the abdominal wall and in the upper and lower extremities (Masson & Soule, 1966). Wilkins and Waldron, in 1975, suggested that the title aggressive fibromatosis was a more appropriate term, reflecting the invasive characteristics of the disease. Synonyms listed were extra-abdominal desmoid, juvenile fibromatosis, aggressive infantile fibromatosis and congenital fibrosarcoma. A total of 12% of all fibromatosis arise in head and neck. Fibromatosis of the oral cavity is uncommon and is even more rare when in involve the mandibule. It is a locally aggressive fibrous tissue tumor, generally does not metastasize, but may cause considerable morbility and even death due to local infiltration. The degree of microscopic cellularity is variable, not only from tumor to tumor but also from area to area in the same tumor. Some tumors present with proliferation of mature fibroblasts and a dominating collagenous component : others may show a lack of the tumor in both types. The common histologic denominator appears to be cellular interlacing bundles of elongated fibroblasts, showing little or no mitotic activity and no pleomorphism. Mitosis are not a consistent index of malignancy when found in younger age groups. Fibromatosis still posses difficult problems of diagnosis and treatment. It is frequently recurrent and infliltrates neighbouring tissues. These lesion infliltrate widely and replace muscle, fat, and even bone with fibrous tissue of varying cellularity. Lesion representing fibromatosis in the oral cavity must be carefully evaulated by both surgeon and pathologists to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment planning. When these lesions involve bone, surgeon must be aware of the lesion's potential to perforate the cortex and expand while remaining hidden from the surgeon's view. Careful and precise clinical correlation with histologic appearance is essential to preclude misdiagnosis of fibrosarcoma yet provide surgical treatment plan that provides adequate local excision and long-term follow up. As regards cause, little is known. It is attributed to trauma or alteration in the sex hormone(Carlos, et al, 1986). Clinially, the lesion is reported to be not painful in most cases, but capable of rapid growth. The treatment is essentially surgical excision with wide margin of adjacent uninvolved tissue. Radiotherapy, hormone treatment or chemotherapy are of no use (WIkins et al, 1975 ; Majumudar and Winiarkl, 1978). We report a case of aggressive fibromatosis of 15-year-old with a lesion in the soft tissue of the parotid area that invaded the underlying bone of the mandibular body.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2010

Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is a glycoprotein hormone that is important in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in both fish and mammals. STC1 and its paralog STC2 are expressed in multiple tissues in fishes, although the physiological roles of piscine STCs are still unclear compared with those of mammals. In this study, we cloned olive flounder STC1 (ofSTC1) and ofSTC2 cDNAs into pET28a vector and used E. coli Rosetta (DE3) as the host strain for protein expression. Expression experiments were carried out using isopropyl-$\beta$-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) and nickel affinity chromatography. We could identify the recombinant proteins as single 29.5 kDa (ofSTC1) and 33.2 kDa (ofSTC2) bands in the insoluble fraction on sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). These results indicate that ofSTC1 and ofSTC2 were expressed as insoluble proteins in E. coli. Furthermore, the injection of ofSTC1 protein into juvenile tilapia resulted in a decrease of the serum calcium level. These results suggest that the purified fish STC1 and STC2 proteins may be used to elucidate the physiological role of STCs in fishes.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2002년도 학술대회
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• pp.123-126
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• 2002

Pollutants that are persistent, bioaccurnulative, and toxic have been linked to numerous adverse effects in human and animals, PBTs include heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in addition to pesticides. This study focuses on toxic effects of the PBTs except pesticides on insects. Eight PBTs were selected from subgroups: three heavy metals (Pb, Hg, and Cd), two PCB mixtures (Aroclor mixtures 1 and 2), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, two monophenols (4-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol), and tetrabutyltin, Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, was used as test target insect species. Three physiological markers (metamorphosis, immune reaction, and follicle patency) were assessed in each exposure to different doses of the PCBs. Heat-shock proteins as molecular markers were also analyzed in response to the PCBs. All tested PBTs were toxic to metamorphosis from larvae to pupae when they were applied with diet. Two PCB mixtures were the most toxic compounds in this assay by giving significant toxicity at 0.005 ppm, while others had from 10 to 1000 ppm. Dioxin (0.1 ppb), tetrabutyltin (0.1 ppb), Pb (10 ppb), and Hg (0,01 ppb) were potent to inhibit immune reactions analyzed by inducing phenoloxidase activity and blocked phospholipase $A_2$ enzyme, Tetrabutyltin and dioxin significantly induced follicle cell patency, but their effects were lower than that of endogenous juvenile hormone, Dioxin, Pb, Hg, and Cd could induce the expression of heat shock proteins that were detected by immunoblotting against human HSP70 monoclonal antibody. HSP78 and HSP80 were upregulated in response to the PBTs. This expression was detected from the fat body and epidermis at as fast as 4h after injection. All these results clearly suggest that PBTs give significant ecotoxicity to insects that are valuable organisms in our environment.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.91-105
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• 1998

The present study is undertaken to investigate the hypertrophical changes of the corpus allatum (corpora allata, CA) after the ovariectomy in Blattella germanica. In particular, the ultrastructural aspects of the normal and ovariectomized conditions, and induced factors of the hypertrophic phenomenon are focused. Ultrastructure of the CA from an immediately emergent adult is similar to that of the last larval stage that has stopped secreting juvenile hormone. The CA is composed of undifferentiated cells, exhibiting an electron-lucent matrix, a few mitochondria and less smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The karyoplasm occupy most of the cytoplasm. Electron-dense materials are filled with the intercellular spaces and gap junctions are also found. Almost no ultrastructural changes have been noticed during seven days until the oviposition. However, considerable changes in structure have been detected soon after the oviposition. Mitochondria are increased dramatically in number and cristae, and changed to the filamentous form with a high electron density. In addition, Golgi complexes, microtubules, and polysomes are also increased. After an oviposition, the total volume of the CA are decreased again. The volume of the CA are increased continuously, hypertrophy, after the ovariectomy. Morphological aspects of the CA in an early stage after the removal are similar to the structure of the secondary egg maturation. Large and electron dense globules are observed in the ovariectomized CA cytoplasms and they are present in those cells for a long period of time. Yet such a hypertrophical phenomenon occur only in the specific cells. The hypertrophy are caused by hollowing the part of the CA cells and later filling such site with polysomes. In 42 days after the ovariectomy, the nuclear membranes disappear in the CA cells, thus, exhibiting the prokaryotic-like features. Some results of the current study will contribute to the establishment of the model that explain unusual changes accompanied by certain treatment in insects and/or further in animals.