• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2018

Purpose: Postoperative pancreatic fistula is a serious and fatal complication of gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Blunt trauma to the parenchyma of the pancreas can result from an assistant's forceps compressing and retracting the pancreas, which in turn may result in pancreatic juice leakage. However, no published studies have focused on blunt trauma to the pancreas during laparoscopic surgery. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between compression of the pancreas and pancreatic juice leakage in a swine model. Materials and Methods: Three female pigs were used in this study. The pancreas was gently compressed dorsally for 15 minutes laparoscopically with gauze grasped with forceps. Pancreatic juice leakage was visualized by fluorescence imaging after topical administration of chymotrypsin-activatable fluorophore in real time. Amylase concentrations in ascites collected at specified times was measured. In addition, pancreatic tissue was fixed with formalin, and the histology of the compressed sites was evaluated. Results: Fluorescence imaging enabled visualization of pancreatic juice leaking into ascites around the pancreas. Median concentrations of pancreatic amylase in ascites increased from 46 U/L preoperatively to 12,509 U/L 4 hours after compression. Histological examination of tissues obtained 4 hours after compression revealed necrotic pancreatic acinar cells extending from the surface to deep within the pancreas and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusions: Pancreatic compression by the assistant's forceps can contribute to pancreatic juice leakage. These findings will help to improve the procedure for lymph node dissection around the pancreas during laparoscopic gastrectomy.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is very sensitivity of hepatic cell and gallbladder, biliary track atresia and biliary leakage. however, Hepatobiliary scan of biliary leakage diagnosis was separated determine biliary leakage and bowl drainage bile-juice. The object of this study will determine biliary leakage and bowl drainage bile-juice to hepatobiliary scintigraphy both decubitus position in bile leakage patients. Material & Methode: 31 patients (meal 14, Femeal 17), $51.1{\pm}14.4$ years. dynamic scan acquisition 60 farme for 60 minute on supine position. and delay scan was 2 hrs, 4 hrs, 24 hrs for 5 minute on supine, both decubitus position. Both decubitus position scan was kept for 5 minutes. Efficient of Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy both decubitus position in bile leakage patients was compared leakage size, density, image of supine position and both decubitus position. Results: 23 patients for 31 bile leakage patients was checked up function image or delay image, and 8 patients was checked up bile leakage on both decubitus. anatomical leakage location was supine position very well, but both decubitus position was separated bile leakage and moving bile-juice in bowl. also, uptake (counts/pixel) average of roi and bkg was supine 5.02, left decubitus 2.08, right decubitus 2.68. No. pixels of supine ROI counted 1.91 times than left decubitus, 1.05 times than right decubitus. Conclusion: 31 patient both decubitus position, but decubitus position was separated bile juice movement in bowl leakage location. also, It was compared ROI/BKG ratio and ROI No. pixels of supine, both decubitus in 38.5% patients. And No. pixels of supine position was large 19%, 5% than left decubitus, right decubitus, And density was in low 60%, 50% than left decubitus, right decubitus. It was mean bile leakage of ROI. so, If Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy was additional both decubitus position scan in bile leakage patients, this study will be more valuable in diagnosis of bile leakage.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1102-1105
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• 2008

The structural change and leakage of cellular substances of Saccharomyces cerevisiae attributed by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). S. cerevisiae (ATCC16664) was inoculated in apple juice for 10 min at $23^{\circ}C$ and the apple juice treated at 138, 207, 276, 345, and 414 MPa pressure for 30 sec at $23^{\circ}C$. Increased of roughness, elongation, wrinkling, and pores on yeast cell surfaces, the yeast cell walls were severely damaged by HHP treatment from 276 to 414 MPa. Inactivation of S. cerevisiae by HHP is dependent on structural changes on the cell walls observed with SEM.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

Recently mulberry has been commercialized but it loses its marketability rapidly after harvest. In this study, characteristics of mulberry were examined at different storage temperature after harvest using the typical Korean mulberry cultivars. Postharvest spoilage fungi on the various mulberry cultivars, Cheongilppong, Daeshim, and Gwasang No. 2 was observed 2, 2, and 1 d, respectively, after harvest at 28℃. However, at 4℃, the day was 8, 7, and 4 d, respectively. At 28℃ storage condition, the weight loss behavior of mulberry did not showed significantly different among them. However, at 4℃ storage condition, mulberry Cheongilppong loses its weight rapidly compared to Daeshim and Gwasang No. 2. Sugar content of mulberry stored at 4℃ was nearly constant, but stored at 28℃ decreased with storage time. The acidity of mulberry slightly decreased with storage time and then increased. Juice leakage of frozen mulberry leaked abruptly within 6 h from the fruit body and then flattened at 25℃. The results of our study, the postharvest characteristics of mulberry were affected by mulberry cultivar and need to further study to increase the shelf life.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.199-206
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• 2013

Since the first transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery was described, various applications and modified procedures have been investigated. Transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for periotoneoscopy, cholecystectomy, and appendectomy all seem viable in humans, but additional studies are required to demonstrate their benefits and roles in clinical practice. The submucosal tunneling method enhances the safety of peritoneal access and gastric closure and minimizes the risk of intraperitoneal leakage of gastric air and juice. Submucosal tunneling involves submucosal tumor resection and peroral endoscopic myotomy. Peroral endoscopic myotomy is a safe and effective treatment option for achalasia, and the most promising natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery procedure. Endoscopic full-thickness resection is a rapidly developing natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery procedure for the upper gastrointestinal tract and can be performed with a hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery technique (combining a laparoscopic approach) to overcome some limitations of pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. Studies to identify the most appropriate role of endoscopic full-thickness resection are anticipated. In this article, I review the procedures of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery associated with the upper gastrointestinal tract.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2012

A six months old, male Shih Tzu dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Kangwon National University, for lethargy, respiratory embarrassment. Survey radiography revealed enlarged cardiac silhouette due to displacement of gas-filled intestine in the pericardium. Although there were no specific clinical signs, this case was diagnosed as peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) based on the results of positive contrast radiography and thoracic ultrasonograpic findings. In addition, the thickened gall bladder wall observed in ultrasonography, increase of alkaline phosphatase and neutrophils indicated cholecystitis. Two hepatic lobes and gall bladder were severely necrotized and adhere to the diaphragm. Direct reduction of the herniated organs might cause hepatic hemorrhage and bile juice leakage which may induce very poor prognosis. To solve the problems, the adhered organs were dissected with part of diaphragm, and lobectomy with cholecystectomy was performed for prevention of some possible complications including peritonitis. This is case report describing resection of part of diaphragm adhered to herniated organ reduce the risk of possible hepatic hemorrhage during surgical correction of PPDH followed bycholecystectomy and lobectomy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.368-374
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on physiological changes of microbial cells, using domestically fabricated pilot scale PEF device. The effect of non-thermal PEF treatment on physiological characteristics of microorganisms was determined by salt resistance, the amount of UV absorbents, cell staining, recovery rate of defected cells, and changes in structure of cell membrane. Salt resistance of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Rhodotorula minuta was examined after PEF treatment at 40 kV/cm, 84 pulse, $10{\mu}s$ pulse duration. Approximately $1\;log_{10}$ cell number of viable microorganisms was decreased by addition of salt. PEF treatment significantly increased the amount of UV absorbents at 260 and 280 nm because of leakage from damaged cell membrane by PEF treatment. Although three kinds of microorganisms treated by PEF were difficult to be observed due to their cell membrane damage, untreated cells were clearly observed by a microscope. PEF-treated R. minuta was not stained by methylene blue due to cell membrane defect. When E. coli, B. subtilis and R. minuta were cultured after PEF treatment, they showed 5, 4, and 8 hr longer lag phase, respectively, compared to control, but growth rates were not affected.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2007

Purpose: A pancreas-preserving total gastrectomy (PPTG) was introduced to decrease the postoperative complications due to pancreatic resection. However, some complications, such as leakage of pancreatic juice, are still reported. Thus, the purpose of this study was to propose a supplementary procedure based on the results of treatment for gastric cancer at our hospital. Materials and Methods: From Jan. 1997 to Dec. 2004, the cases of 141 patients who underwent a PPTG for gastric cancer were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into Group A (38 cases), patients who were treated using a conventional PPTG, and Group B (103 cases), patients who were treated using a new and improved PPTG. Their postoperative complications were compared. Results: No statistically significant differences in clinicopathologic data were noted between the two groups. The comparison of complications showed for groups A and B, respectively, 4 and 0 cases of pancreatic fistula, 1 and 0 cases of intraabdominal abscess, 2 and 0 cases of intraoperative pancreatic necrosis, and 2 and 2 cases of minor leakage. The difference in the prevalence of complications between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.0001). Conclusion: In order to reduce the risk of PPTG-related complications, we used vascular clamps to observe the necrosis of the pancreatic tail before dividing the splenic artery, and this method resulted in a significant decrease in postoperative complications. Thus, we conclude that our use of vascular clamps in a PPTG is a simple and useful method for preventing postoperative complications.