• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture treatment for recovery of patients with vertebral compression fracture(VCF). Methods : We searched ten English and Chinese and seven Korean database up to April 2018. Randomised controlled trials(RCTs), quasi-RCTs, non-radomised Controlled Trials(CCTs) were eligible. Quasi-RCTs and CCTs were assessed only for safety assessment. Pain and adverse events were primary outcome of this review. Quality of life, dysfunction, patient satisfaction, incidence of new vertebral compression fracture were regarded as secondary outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed by two independent authors using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Level of evidence was tabulated using the GRADE methods. Results : Of 1656 screened, 15 RCTs, 1 quasi-RCT and 3 CCTs were included. Number of participants per study ranged from 45 to 135. Most of the studies had unclear or high risk of bias and considerable heterogeneity in terms of type of intervention, comparison and time-points for outcome measurement. Compared to usual care alone, acupuncture combined with usual care showed short-term favorable results for pain relief in patients with VCF(5 studies, n=252, MD -1.05 point on a 0 to 10 point scale, 95% CI -1.45 to -0.65, $I^2=74%$). Four studies reported mild and temporary adverse events, and no serious adverse events were reported. One study descriptively reported that acupuncture was effective for improving quality of life without providing numerical outcomes. There were no reports of patient satisfaction and incidence of new VCF. Conclusions : Level of evidence is very low for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for pain, harms and other clinical outcomes in patients with VCF. Included studies suffered from incomplete reporting, high or unclear risk of bias and substantial heterogeneity between studies. Future high-quality RCTs are needed to assess whether acupuncture is beneficial for recovery of patients with VCF.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.65-81
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• 2022

Objectives This study aimed to assess the effects of oral administration of deer antler extracts on an osteoporosis-induced animal model. We analyzed the results of using deer antler single extracts on animal models with osteoporosis through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We included osteoporosis studies in animal experiments that administrated deer antler extracts orally. We searched the following 13 databases without a language restriction: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Korean Medical Database (KMbase), National Digital Science Library (NDSL), Korean Traditional Knowledge (Koreantk), Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), and Koreanstudies Information Service System (KISS). We used Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's risk of bias tool for assessing the methodological quality of the included studies. Results A total of 299 potentially relevant studies were searched and 11 were included for a systematic review. Nine studies used a single deer antler extract. A study compared the effects of single extracts of deer antler and antler glue, while another study compared the effects of three single extracts of deer antler, old antler, and antler glue. For evaluating the intervention effect, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured as the primary outcome, while the histomorphometric indicators of the bone and serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels were used as the secondary outcome variables. On conducting a meta-analysis of studies on single deer antler extract, BMD was observed to be significantly increased compared to that in control group (standardized mean difference [SMD]=2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.58~2.65; Z=7.75; p<0.00001; I²=56%). As a result of meta-analysis, according to the concentration of deer antler, the group with high concentration showed statistically significantly higher BMD than the group with low concentration (SMD=1.28; 95% CI=0.74~1.82; Z=4.63; p<0.00001; I²=9%). Conclusions The research shows that the deer antler extracts have significant anti-osteoporotic effects on the osteoporosis-induced animal model. However the studies included in this research had a high methodological risk of bias. This indicates the requirement of considerable attention in the interpretation of the study results.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1001-1007
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• 2004

Chloroform layer from methanol extract of Corni fructus (Cornaceae) showed strong antiproliferation effect on human cancer cell lines by SRB assay. Anticarcinogenic-active compound was isolated and purified by silica gel column and thin layer chromatograpies, and identified as ursolic acid ($3{\beta}$-hydroxyrus-12-ene-28-oic acid, MW:456) by mass and IR spectrophotometries, and $^1H-and\;^{13}C-NMRs$. The compound inhibited proliferation of A549 (human lung cancer cell line) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) cells in dose-dependant manner when treated for 48 hr. Inhibition rates of both cells were over 40% and 90% compared with control cells at the $30\;{\mu}g/mL\;and\;100\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Morphology of cells treated with the compound for 15 hr at $10\;{\mu}g/mL$ was distorted with shrinked cell mass, and cell number was lower than that of control cells. Cell cycle analysis showed sub-G1 phase arrest in both cell lines following 15 hr exposure to the compound; % of cell phase increased to 11.7 and 11.2% compared to the control of 4.0% and 2.1% in A549 and MCP-7 cells, respectively.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.144-151
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• 2012

Chronic gastritis is the disease that is occuring in one in every 10 persons in Korea. In western medicine, endoscopy is needed to diagnose chronic gastritis, but it causes patients a pain and budget of expense. According to the TEM (Traditional Eastern Medicine), on the other hand, the 'Guan' position of the right wrist is related to a stomach. Thus we can diagnosis chronic gastritis by analyzing of pulse signal. However, pulse signal diagnosis is depended on oriental doctor's knowledge and experience. In this study, a systematic approach is proposed to analyze the computerized pulse signal. The pulse signals are firstly pre-processed, Gaussian model is adopted to fit the pulse signal, and then some related parameters are extracted from the model. Consequently, disease-sensitive parameters are selected by T-test and statistical difference. Finally, the selected parameters are entered into a Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm for classification. Classification results show that healthy persons and chronic gastritis patients are 95% and 87%, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2002

In order to search for insulin-like substances from the constituted herbs of Sogal prescriptions, we selected 19 traditional herbs, based on a review of the Donguibogam. The effects of the hot-water extract from the selected herbs on the proliferation and the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts were tested. The various water-extracts from Pinellia ternata, Magnolia obovata, Rheum palmatum, Acanthopanax sessiliflorun, Atractylodes japonica and Strychnos ignatii inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, did not influence entirely in differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Treatment of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with the extract from Ephedra sinica, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Scrophularia buergeriana and Sophora flavescens significantly increased the differentiation of the cells. In conclusion, these may contain such compounds that play a role of insulin-like action.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.234-238
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• 2012

Propofol is an anesthetic commonly used to provide sedation or to induce and maintain an anesthetic stated. However, there are reports which indicate propofol may cause psychological dependence or be abused. In the present study, we used various behavioral tests including climbing test, jumping test, conditioned place preference, and self-administration test to assess the dependence potential and abuse liability of propofol compared to a positive control (methamphetamine) or a negative control (saline or intralipid). Among the tests, the conditioned place preference test was conducted with a biased method, and the selfadministration test was performed under a fixed ratio (FR) 1 schedule, 1 h per session. No difference was found in the climbing test and jumping test, but propofol (30 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the rewarding effect in the conditioned place preference test, and it showed a positive reinforcing effect compared to the vehicle. These results indicate that propofol tends to show psychological dependence rather than physical dependence, and it seems not to be related with dopaminergic system.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.258-264
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• 2004

Hypoglycemic effect of Schizandrae Fructus (SF) extract containing in Okchun-san was determined on 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and adipocytes by investigating insulin-like activity, insulin sensitizing activity and ${\alpha}-glucoamylase$ suppressing activity. SF were extracted by using 70% ethanol followed by XAD-4 column chromatography with a mixture solvent of methanol and water, and the fractional extractions were utilized for assaying hypoglycemic effect. No inhibition of ${\alpha}-glucoamylase$ activity of SF was observed. Insulin-like activity 3T3-L1 adipocytes was not shown by SF. A significant insulin sensitizing activity of SF extractions was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, giving SF extractions with 1 ng/ml insulin to reach glucose uptake level increased by 50 ng/ml of insulin alone. When cells were treated with SF (Fr. 4 or 5) plus 1 ng/ml insulin, glucose uptake was increased more than seven times as compared to 1 ng/ml of insulin alone, suggesting that SF extracts increased GLUT4 content by enhancing insulin signaling. These data suggest that SF extracts (especially Fr. 4 and 5) contains an effective insulin sensitizing compounds for hypoglycemic activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2024

Objectives: Obesity is a globally prevalent public health issue. Hence, there is a need for the development of safer and more effective anti-obesity drugs. Lythrum salicaria, a traditional medicinal herb used for centuries, has been reported to improve lipid metabolism and fat accumulation. It also has a low toxicity profile. Therefore, its potential as a functional ingredient in health functional foods needs to be evaluated. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 90 participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Each subject will orally receive L. salicaria extract (1,350 mg/day) (500 mg L. salicaria+850 mg lactose as vehicle) or lactose (1,350 mg/day) as a hard capsule formula for 84 days (12 weeks). The primary outcome will be body fat mass (kg), which will be assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (performed only at visits 2 and 4). Secondary outcomes include body mass index, body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage (%) measured using DXA, lean body mass (kg) measured using DXA (assessed only at visits 2 and 4), lipids (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), free fatty acid, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and leptin. Conclusions: This protocol will be implemented after approval of Institutional Review Board of Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital (approval number: PNUKHIRB-2022-08-002) and registration with the Korean National Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) (CRIS-KCT0008060). The results of this trial will provide potential of L. salicaria as a new anti-obesity functional food with fat-reducing effects and low toxicity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2000

In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of fractions of Astragali Radix and Polygalae Radix, the effects of the fractions on cerebral ischemia and subsequent reperfusion were studied. Brain ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mongolian gerbil. Brains were recirculated for 30 mins after the 20 min occlusion. Methanol and butanol fractions of Astragali Radix and Polygalae Radix were administered orally 2 hrs before common carotid artery occlusion. Histological observations showed that brain ischemia induced severe brain damage evidenced by the presence of necrotic foci, edema and hemorrhage. This injury was prevented by the methanol fraction and butanol fraction of Polygalae Radix. The level of ATP in brain tissue significantly decreased in ischemic gerbils. This decrease was prevented by the pretreatment with butanol fraction of Polygalae Radix. In contrast, the levels of lactate and lipid peroxide were both elevated in ischemic gerbils. This elevation was inhibited by the pretreatments with methanol fraction and butanol fraction of Polygalae Radix. Our findings suggest that the Polygalae Radix improves ischemia-induced brain damage.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2011

These experiments were designed to use typical makers from behaviors and molecular basis in addicted animals of morphine and cocaine. Morphine has been widely abused with a high physical dependence liability. Morphine withdrawal activates the intracellular cAMP signaling pathway and further leads to changes in the expression of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), which may be important to the development and expression of morphine dependence. From these experiments, repeated morphine (10 mg/kg, twice per day for 7 days) developed physical dependence. Withdrawal signs were precipitated by naloxone and also increased the expression of the CREB. In addition, repeated exposure of cocaine (15 mg/kg) to mice develops locomotor sensitization and produced lasting behavioral sensitivity. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) peptide was up-regulated by repeated administration of cocaine in the striatum. Therefore, repeated morphine induced the development of physical dependence and increased pCREB. In addition, repeated cocaine induced locomotor sensitization and over-expressed CART peptide. In conclusion, the development of physical dependence and pCREB for morphine, and locomotor sensitization and CART peptide over-expression for cocaine would be useful markers to predict the abuse potential of opioid analgesics and pychostimulant drugs in animals, respectively.