• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2023

Purpose: Specialized marketing strategies are needed by limited resources, such as Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM), a marketing activity based on specific conditions characterizing village-owned enterprises (VOEs). Therefore, this research aimed to examine the effect of EM on the financial and non-financial performance of VOEs in Indonesia. Research design, data and methodology: Data were collected by distributing questions on a 5-point Likert scale to 153 VOEs directors in Rokan Hulu District, Indonesia. The collected data were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation model with SmartPLS 3.0. Results: The results showed that EM positively and significantly affected the financial and non-financial performance of VOEs, as well as on operational performance. Conclusions: EM played an important role in the improvement of many aspects of the performance of VOEs. The Indonesian government also need to consider EM various characteristics when recruiting directors. It is important to note that this research is the first to examine the impact of EM on VOEs.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

Purpose - This study reveals antecedent factors to help develop expressway rest areas in which employees were exposed to inferior environments, using Hackman and Oldham's Job Characteristics Theory. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey was conducted on 148 expressway rest area employees in Gyeonggi-do. After excluding questionnaires with invalid responses, 141 questionnaires were analyzed. Results - The sub-factors of job characteristics had a positive influence on the organizational commitment of employees, and organizational commitment had a positive influence on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Further, the results of mediation effects showed that organizational commitment and self-leadership were partially mediated. Finally, the results of the moderation effect of self-leadership showed that self-leadership was thought to be vital to let members endeavor to promote the competitiveness of expressway rest areas. Conclusions - The expressway rest area company needed to design jobs to let employees be self-motivated, productive, positive, responsible, and aspirational; job redesign, including job enrichment and job enlargement can be considerably helpful for affirmative influence.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explain the application of TPB and personal happiness on donation behavior and willingness to donate. Research design, data, and methodology: The population of this research is people in Indonesia who have a tendency in its culture to donate. The sample size used was 245 people with a purposive sampling method. The analysis technique used is Path Analysis using SEM-PLS. Result: The results show that the subjective norm had appositive and significant effect on attitude to donate; subjective norm has appositive and significant effect on the donation behavior. Personal happiness has a positive and significant effect on attitude to donate, and personal happiness also has a positive and significant effect on the donation behavior, and the donation behavior has a positive and significant effect on the attitude to donate. Conclusions: Being a responsible person to other people's conditions, as you see other people needing help, you will feel that you have the power to help them. you are often helping people in need, which concludes you are a compassionate person.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2022

Purpose: This study is a comparative study to examine the differences between Incoterms 2010 and Incoterms 2010 through a study on the revision contents and conditions of Incoterms 2020. Research design, data, methodology: This study is composed of 5 chapters through literature study. Chapter 1 is an introduction, and Chapter 2 explains the significance and change of standard trading conditions. Chapter 3 compares Incoterms 2020 and 2010. Chapter 4 deals with major revisions and considerations of Incoterms 2020, and Chapter 5 mentions conclusions and implications. Results: In comparison with Incoterms 2020 and Incoterms 2010, first, the selection of the correct Incoterms rules was emphasized through the introduction; second, the division and connection between the sale contract and the ancillary contract were more clearly explained; and third, each Incoterms An explanatory note was presented by improving the existing guidance note for rules, and finally, the order of clauses within individual Incoterms rules was changed to further emphasize delivery and risk. Conclusions: This study pays attention to the understanding of academic content related to standard trade terms and conditions and how usefully it can be used in the business process of users in practice.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

Purpose - The E-convergence economy is requested with the economic change of the diverse energy supplies, according to the exploits of Shale gas. By analyzing the electric energy supply and demand in accordance with the various cases, it has proved indirectly to create a convergence economy. Research design, data, and methodology - The research design would make realize its potential change with which government or companies have focused on the energy objection between Shale gas and Electric vehicles. Results - The paper suggests that Shale gas has expanded with the emphasis on the Electrical convergence economy or EVs. Due to these results, they also show why it should not be delayed in the development of shale gas and electric vehicles at the same time. Conclusions - All this is from the reason of opening the E-convergence economy over time. It is required that Korea should prepare E-convergence economy. Public regional energy should be present through the consistent selection of development for energy linking E-economy and E-trans distribution.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to eradicate and halt the continuous life cycle of corruption. Only when ethical management policies are implemented can the business ethics system be effective and transparent. Research design, data, and methodology - The analyses and legislative measures designed by these organizations and countries were based on solid research, uncovered during my visits and interviews conducted with businessmen in those countries. Results - The main focus of in this study is as follows: First, to introduce the programs of UN, OECD, OAS, USA, and Asian countries noted for business ethics and transparency policies; Second, to define each function and problem of these countries' anti-corruption systems, including the U.S. federal government, and to examine Chinese trends. Conclusions - Ethical managements are necessary to improve business ethics. This study suggests four related areas for the purpose of discouraging bribery and corruption; these are improving global corporate governance standards, increasing financial transparency, improving good governance in the public service of the OECD member countries, and focusing on not only the supply side but also the demand side of the corruption market.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate sales managers' strategic focus on customer acquisition, specifically its effect on salespeople's performance. In addition, this study aimed to determine how salespeople's interpersonal skills, salesmanship skills, and technical knowledge affect the relationship between customer-acquisition management and salespeople's performance. Research design, data, and methodology: This study conducted a survey of 310 salespeople working at pharmaceutical companies. A structural equation modeling approach was applied to test the main effects and interaction effects using AMOS. Results: The results indicated that both managers' customer-acquisition orientation and salespeople's salesmanship skills and technical knowledge positively affected the latter's performance. Further, it was found that the higher the technical knowledge of the salesperson, the greater the effect of the customer-acquisition orientation on sales performance. Conclusions: Sales managers should enable salespeople to quickly acquire technical knowledge with respect to the market, products, competitors, and company policy so that they can bring greater synergy to the customer-acquisition orientation.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to set desirable directions for Korea's egg industry by comparing and analyzing the egg distribution structure and policies between Korea and other countries. Research design, data and methodology: We analyzed the current state of egg distribution in Korea, and based on this analysis, we derived problems. In addition, by comprehensively analyzing the egg distribution structure and policy issues in the US, EU, and Japan. Results: As a result of the analysis of the egg distribution status and policy in the country to be analyzed, it was found that for the development of the egg industry in Korea, it is necessary to unify the distribution system for transparent and stable management of the egg distribution process. It was found that detailed and clear information creation and management of egg production and distribution processes were required. Conclusions: We need to establish a regional egg distribution facility base and stipulate that eggs produced in Korea must be compulsorily traded through the regional facility base. Seemingly, scaling-up of the industry is the priority, but the government is promoting various policies to expand small and medium-sized egg joint markets, with limitations in improving the problems of the existing egg distribution structure.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2016

Purpose - This paper reviews the change of steel export-import structure between Japan and China by the courtesy of international business reference index and stress to analyze comparative advantage under the circumstance of time-series evaluating database by 3 indexes. Research design, data, methodology - Per economic phase, both China-Japan have mutually a complementary base. Under this kind of view point, the reason why to conduct this study is to realize how this 2 country's trade competitiveness should be improved and strengthened. Results - Under this research data and analysis outcomes, bilateral intra-economy's potential supplementation is enormous. Additionally, expected benefits from here are so sufficiently assured as we compare them with any other regional economic integrated society. Conclusions - When we review our economic point of view, Northeast economic cooperations between China and Japan can provide a chance for industrial technological cooperations not only in steel business but also in other business areas. Come to think of the circumstance to accelerate competitions between 2 country's industries past time and acknowledge concrete resource supplier including expanding export market and diversification.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

Purpose - This study examines a bundling effect on production and distribution in a patent-protected industry. Despite the heavy use of bundling strategies in the information and technology industry, literature has paid scant attention to bundling of intellectual property rights. This study examines a theoretical exploration of the bundling effect on licensing behavior. Research design, data, and methodology - To address this behavior, we build a simplified model consisting of three stages: 1) bundling decision, 2) licensing agreement, and 3) competition. The subgame perfect Nash equilibrium is applied to the model. Results - A single-patent holder with superior technology grants its own license to the multiple-patent firm, thereby leaving the market. Anticipating the single right holder's licensing strategy, the multiple-patent firm offers a bundle, making the single-right holder's bargaining position weaker. Conclusions - Bundling is an effective business strategy, resulting in multiple products for a firm as it faces other firms with single-product lines in each market. Taking advantage of the multi-patent or multi-product lines, the firm utilizes the bundling strategy obtaining better technology from the standalone single-patent firms.