• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.51-84
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• 2001

Objective : The therapeutic exercise on low back found In the literatures mostly have adopted methods that are applied to only certain muscles. The purpose of this paper to classify various low pains and to Investigate an active physical treatment can be applied to certain low back pain. Methods : By exploring the journals and medical publications. Results and Conclusions 1. A goal of low back exercise is reinforcement and extension of muscles in order to control pains. 2 Low back exercise which causes the movement of the spinal joint and disk can control pains. 3. Flexion exercise of lumbar spine can be generally applied to any low back pains except kyposis. 4. Extension exercise of lumbar spine can be applied to any low back pains except facet joint syndrome or hyperlordosis. 5. Rotation exercise of lumbar spine can be applied to any low back pains except facet joint syndrome. 6. Lateral bending exercise of lumbar spine can be applied to HNP. facet Joint syndrome, scoliosis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2022

Subchondral cysts are frequently encountered in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA), particularly in advanced stage. Subchondral cysts within osteoarthritis are typically lying adjacent to the joint surface where initial load bearing occurs during activity and have been associated with greater pain and disease progression. Although the etiology of these cysts remains uncertain, recently studies report that the induction of the subchondral bone mechanical stress caused subchondral cysts. Repeated overloading leads to further deterioration of subchondral bone which render subchondral bone structure more fragile, increase the risk of osteoarthritis progress. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of conservative treatment and longitudinal osseous changes of a large subchondral cyst in a mandibular condyle in a symptomatic TMJ OA patient.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was to identify Korean terms appropriate for a new scale using pain terms to assess the pain of the arthritis patients. Method : This study was conducted by secondary analysis of two previous studies, one from Kim's data (1994) and the other from Lee and Choi's(1988). The subjects were 482 patients with arthralgia. Data were analyzed by SPSS Win 11.0, for frequencies, percentages, and means. Results : Five pain groups were sorted out from the sensory pain category, three in the affective pain category, and two in the miscellaneous pain category by selecting groups of pain terms expressed more than 50% by all subjects. Local inflammatory repeated pain terms, simple irritative pain terms, superficial pressure pain terms, traction pain terms, and peripheral nerve terms were included in the sensory pain category, fatigue-related pain terms, digestion-related terms, and suffering-related terms in the affective category, and dull pain terms and body cavity pressure pain category. Among five sample groups terms selected by more than 3 groups with more than 30% of patients were dugumhada, sikungorinda, wooksinwooksinhada, nurudusi apuda, and dangginda in the sensory pain category; nogonhage apuda, gobukhada, and jajungsurupge apuda in the affecte pain category; and buctjockgigunhada and manjimyon apuda in the miscellaneous pain category. Conclusion : Ten pain groups were tentatively selected out of 20 pain groups; 10 pain terms composed of 1 pain term from each group were selected out of 90 pain terms from thesecondarydataofarthriticpainpatients. Implications More detailed clinical studies are needed for the refinement of the scale.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.651-658
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of Taping therapy on Range of Motion, pain, and depression in stroke patients in the home without complete recovery as a means of nursing intervention. Method: Twenty seven subjects out of fifty four people who were attending in the stroke self-help group in one community health center in S city were asked to participate in this Quai-experimental study. The Taping therapy was a method that stick to the illness area and the point of pressure pain, the elastic and cross tape without medicine treatment with domestic products. Nursing intervention was independently completed by researcher once a week over two period of 12 weeks from September 2001 to March 2002 year. Data were analyzed using the SPSS win. The homogeneity between the experimental group and control group was test by x2 and t-test. The difference of experimental before and after were tested by the unpaired t-test. Result: The shoulder joint flexion and abduction, the elbow joint flexion and extension, the hip joint flexion, and the flexion of knee joint in the ROM of the experimental group were significantly improved over those of the control group. In difference of pain, rest and painful movement, the experimental group were significantly decreased over those of the control group. The difference of depression in experimental before and after was significantly decreased in the experimental group over those of the control group. Conclusion: The Taping therapy intervention proved effect pain relief and depression decrease as well as promote of range of motion.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of angular joint mobilization (AJM) on the shoulder pain, range of motion, and functional improvement in a patient with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Methods: The patient diagnosed with right shoulder adhesive capsulitis by an orthopedic surgeon was a 60-year-old male, right hand/arm dominant, with a height of 175 cm and weight of 75 kg. The patient received 12 sessions of AJM once or twice per week for eight weeks. AJM was applied for 5 min each of flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation, for a total of 20 min per session. The visual analog scale, the goniometer, and the Oxford shoulder score were used to measure pain, range of motion, and shoulder pain & disability index, respectively. Results: After all the treatments, the pain decreased from 6 to 2 points. The range of motion increased in flexion by $54.3^{\circ}$ from $125^{\circ}$ to $179.3^{\circ}$, abduction by $38^{\circ}$ from $140^{\circ}$ to $178^{\circ}$, external rotation by $54.4^{\circ}$ from $30.3^{\circ}$ to $84.7^{\circ}$, and internal rotation by $25^{\circ}$ from $45^{\circ}$ to $70^{\circ}$. The shoulder disability index decreased from 33 points to 17 points. Conclusion: This study found that AJM has a positive effect on the improvement of shoulder pain, range of motion, and function in a patient with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Further studies on AJM are needed in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify which findings in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are good predicators of pain and mouth opening limitation in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement (ID). Materials and Methods: Clinical examinations for pain and mouth opening limitation were conducted for suspected TMJ ID. MRI scans were taken within a week of clinical examinations. On the oblique-sagittal plane image, readings were obtained in terms of the functional aspect of disc position, degree of displacement, disc deformity, joint effusion, and osteoarthrosis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the predictors of pain and mouth opening limitation. Results: A total of 48 patients (96 TMJs) were studied, including 39 female patients and 9 male patients whose ages ranged from 10 to 65 years. The resultant data showed significant correlations between pain and the MR imaging of the degree of disc displacement (P<0.05). The probability of there being pain in moderate to significant cases was 9.69 times higher than in normal cases. No significant correlation was found between mouth opening limitation and MRI findings. Conclusion: We identified a significant correlation between clinical symptoms and MRI findings of ID. The degree of anterior disc displacement may be useful for predicting pain in patients with TMJ ID.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of trapezius and serratus anterior strengthening exercise on the shoulder pain and muscle activation of patients with spinal cord injury and functional shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: The study consisted of 10 patients with spinal cord injury who were hospitalized in Rehabilitation Hospital U, Uijeongbu, South Korea. The exercise was implemented three times a week for 10 weeks. In each session, the subjects performed one of a total of five types of exercise at mid-level intensity. The shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) was used to evaluate the patients before and after the intervention. The muscle activation of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and anterior serratus muscle was assessed by surface electromyography (EMG) at the beginning of the experiment and 10 weeks later. Wilcoxon's singed-rank test was conducted to determine differences in the pain index and muscle activation before and after the exercise. The level of statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: SPADI scores significantly decreased after the exercise (p<0.05). In comparisons of muscle activation, there was a significant improvement in the upper trapezius at $60^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion (p<0.05). There was no significant improvement at $90^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion. The middle trapezius showed a significant improvement at $120^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion (p<0.05). Conclusion: Trapezius and serratus anterior strengthening exercise reduced pain in spinal cord injury patients with functional shoulder impingement syndrome. The decreased muscle activation of upper trapezius and increased muscle activation of the anterior serratus muscle at $60^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion point to positive effects of the exercise on supraduction of the scapula.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.139-155
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• 2011

Objectives : To research trends of studies on treatments of knee osteoarthritis in Korean medicine. Methods : Domestic theses, published from 2000 to 2010, mentioning the treatments of knee osteoarthritis in Korean medicine were reviewed and analyzed. This study researched 79 theses and classified again according to the fields of the treatment. Results : The results were obtained as below ; 1. Studies on pharmacoacupuncture account for 41% of the total (32cases/79cases). The target of treatments had changed from pain alleviation and anti-inflammation to cartilage-protection since 2006. 2. Herbal Drug, Bee Venom, Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmacoacupuncture, Taping Therapy and Tai-Chi Exercise program were more effective than others. Moreover research on exercise program such as Tai-Chi has been increasing. 3. Some Herbal Drug (Glycyrrhizae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Achyrantis Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Eucommiae Cortex and so on) were mainly used to investigate the effect on cartilage protection, pain relief and anti-inflammation in laboratory test. 4. Acupuncture including individualized, local acupoints and constitution acupuncture were effective than others in pain alleviation and symptom relief. 5. Pharmacoacupuncture Bee Venom were effective in recovery of joint function and pain relief while Buthus martensii Karsch, Homnis Placenta and Cervi Cornu Parvum were effective in cartilage protection and recovery. 6. Moxibustion was efficient to reduce joint pain and partly increase ROM (range of motion) of knee joint, but was not efficient to recover the function of knee joint. Conclusions : These results indicate that research trends on knee osteoarthritis were changed from symptomatic treatment (pain alleviation and anti-inflammation) to conservative treatment (cartilage protection and recovery).

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.144-153
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• 2002

This study was designed to explore use of unconventional treatments and identify related variables of patients with rheumatic disease. One hundred fifty rheumatic patients were recruited from two university based rheumatic centers according to selection criteria. Collected data were analyzed using SAS program through with a structured questionnaire. T-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe's test were adopted. The results were as follows: 1. 77.7% of the subjects were over forties and mean age was 48.5 years. 74.0% were women and 73.2% were living with their spouse. 82.0% of them was good or moderate or good economic status, 38.3% was university graduates. 2. 58.0% of the subjects had rheumatoid arthritis, and mean duration of suffering rheumatic disease was 6.5 years. 89.3% of them had joint pain and their mean pain score was 4.07. Most painful joints were hip(58.0%), finger(42.0%), wrist(42.0%), and the number of painful joint was 5.4. 70% of the subjects using unconventional treatments, the most common treatments using them was herb medicine(42.7%) and acupuncture(36.7%). 3. Level of pain was different according to subject's age, educational background, diagnosis, number of painful joints, and using unconventional treatments or not. It is recommended that use of a larger sample to understand more about unconventional treatments and pain of patients with rheumatic disease. More research is needed to consider developing individual nursing interventions for their well-being and quality of life.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.475-478
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the level of masseter muscle tension according to the levels of restricted movement and pain in the temporomandibular joint(TMJ), thereby verifying the fact that excessive masseter muscle tension can be a cause for restricted movement and pain in the TMJ. The subjects of this study were 81 men and women in their 20s and 30s, who feel uncomfortable with their masticatory function on the preferred chewing side. The subjects were measured in terms of the range of motion (ROM) and deviation of the TMJ and the degree of pain in the affected region. The ROM and deviation of the TMJ were measured using the Global Posture System(GPS) after instructing each subject to open his/her mouth to the fullest and taking photos of the subject with a digital camera. The tension of the masseter muscle was measured with a Pressure Threshold Meter(PTM). After the measurements, in order to compare the ROM of the TMJ, the subjects were divided into two groups based on the ROM of above 35mm and below 35mm. For the deviation and pain, based on the average of total subjects, the subjects were divided into two groups of above and below average. Thereafter, the levels of masseter muscle tension were compared between each pair of groups. According to the results, when each variable was compared between the respective two groups, in terms of the deviation, the pressure pain threshold(PPT) of the masseter muscle revealed a statistically significant difference(p<.05). However, the ROM and pain showed no statistically significant difference. Consequently, masseter muscle tension may cause restricted movement in the TMJ. In particular, the deviation and tension in the masseter muscle is considered to be a factor that causes deviation in the TMJ.