• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2020

The top-and-seat angles with double web angles are commonly used in the design of beam-to-column joints in Asian and North American countries. The seismic behavior analysis of these joints with large cross-section size of beam and column (often connected by four or more bolts) is a challenge due to the effects from the relatively larger size of stiffened angles and the composite action from the adjacent concrete slab. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the seismic performance of exterior composite beam-to-column joints with stiffened angles under cyclic loading. Four full-scale composite joints with different configuration (only one specimen contain top angle in concrete slab) were designed and tested. The joint specimens were designed by considering the effects of top angles, longitudinal reinforcement bars and arrangement of bolts. The behavior of the joints was carefully investigated, in terms of the failure modes, slippage, backbone curves, strength degradation, and energy dissipation abilities. It was found that the slippage between top-and-seat angles and beam flange, web angle and beam web led to a notable pinching effect, in addition, the ability of the energy dissipation was significantly reduced. The effect of anchored beams on the behavior of the joints was limited due to premature failure in concrete, the concrete slab that closes to the column flange and upper flange of beam plays an significant role when the joint subjected to the sagging moment. It is demonstrated that the ductility of the joints was significantly improved by the staggered bolts and welded longitudinal reinforcement bars.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 2010

There are many methods to reduce the weight and the cost of the automobile body, among them, Tailor Welded Blank (TWB) is new welding method applied to body structure. It is necessary to evaluate mechanical properties of TWB structures or sheets for the application to automobile body parts. In this study, the stiffness of T-type and L-type joint structures, composite of TWB panel, which simplified two portions of side structure in automobile body were investigated. Additionally, the fatigue properties of TWB panels were obtained. Two types of welding technologies, laser and mash seam welding, were used to join mild panels with different thickness. This results are compared with conventional structures. The results are as follows: 1) The stiffness of joint structures, composite of TWB panel, is approximately 17% higher than that of conventional ones. 2) The location of welding line in TWB had a effect on the in plane bending stiffness, but not on the out of plane bending stiffness. 3) In terms of welding technology type, the mash seam welding show higher stiffness than the laser welding for in plane bending stiffness. But minimal differences in both types are revealed for out of plane bending stiffness. 4) The fatigue strength, composite of TWB panel, is lower than that of base steel. It is thought that defects in the welding zone had the action of notch in the fatigue test.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.47-55
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• 2007

Objectives : To verify pain relief effects and allergy inhibitory action for the osteoarthritis of the knee joint in Sweet Bee Venom in which allergy causing enzyme is removed. Methods : We randomly allocated 36 participants to treatment group Sweet Bee Venom and Bee Venom. Outcomes on pain reduction were measured by 100mm VAS(Visual Analog Scale). And we recorded into details allergic responses during Pharmacopuncture treatment. Results : Whole body condition and pain rate through VAS measurement were improved significantly in 2 weeks. We could get difference in pain score of two Pharmacopuncture groups significantly in 2 weeks. BV group showed superior reduction in pain compared to the Sweet BV group. But we could not get difference in whole score of two pharmacopuncture groups significantly. On the other hand other allergic responses such as edema, itchiness, pain were significantly lower in the Sweet BV group.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

Background: The present study was designed to prepare and find the optimum active preparation or fraction from Korea Red Ginseng inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression, because MMP-13 is a pivotal enzyme to degrade the collagen matrix of the joint cartilage. Methods: From total red ginseng ethanol extract, n-BuOH fraction (total ginsenoside-enriched fraction), ginsenoside diol-type-enriched fraction (GDF), and ginsenoside triol-type-enriched fraction (GTF) were prepared, and ginsenoside diol type-/F4-enriched fraction (GDF/F4) was obtained from Panax ginseng leaf extract. Results: The n-BuOH fraction, GDF, and GDF/F4 clearly inhibited MMP-13 expression compared to interleukin-$1{\beta}$-treated SW1353 cells (human chondrosarcoma), whereas the total extract and ginsenoside diol-type-enriched fraction did not. In particular, GDF/F4, the most effective inhibitor, blocked the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun-activated protein kinase (JNK), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1/2 (STAT-1/2) among the signal transcription pathways involved. Further, GDF/F4 also inhibited the glycosaminoglycan release from interleukin-$1{\alpha}$-treated rabbit cartilage culture (30.6% inhibition at $30{\mu}g/mL$). Conclusion: Some preparations from Korean Red Ginseng and ginseng leaves, particularly GDF/F4, may possess the protective activity against cartilage degradation in joint disorders, and may have potential as new therapeutic agents.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based person re-identification method using a three-dimensional RGB-Depth Xtion2 camera considering joint coordinates and dynamic features(velocity, acceleration). The main idea of the proposed identification methodology is to easily extract gait data such as joint coordinates, dynamic features with an RGB-D camera and automatically identify gait patterns through a self-designed one-dimensional convolutional neural network classifier(1D-ConvNet). The accuracy was measured based on the F1 Score, and the influence was measured by comparing the accuracy with the classifier model (JC) that did not consider dynamic characteristics. As a result, our proposed classifier model in the case of considering the dynamic characteristics(JCSpeed) showed about 8% higher F1-Score than JC.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.155-168
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• 2013

This study describes consumers' movie choices in conjunction with other group members and attempts to reassess the effect of the online word of mouth (WOM) source in a joint decision context. The tendency of many people to go to movies in groups has been mentioned in previous literature but there is no modeling research that studies movie choice from the group decision perspective. We found that ignoring the group movie-going perspective can result in a misunderstanding, especially underestimation of genre preference and the impact of the WOM variables. Most of the studies to measure online WOM effects were done at the aggregate level, and the role of online WOM variables(volume vs valence) is mixed in the literature. We postulate that group-level analysis might offer insight to resolve these mixed understanding of WOM effects in the literature. We implemented the study via a random effect model with group-level heterogeneity. Romance, drama, and action were selected as genre variables; valence and volume were selected as online WOM variables. A choice-based conjoint survey was used for data collection and the models was estimated via Bayesian MCMC method. The empirical results show that (i) both genre and online WOM are important variables when consumers choose movies, especially as group, and (ii) the WOM valence effect are amplified more than the volume effect does as individuals are engaged in group decision. This research contributes to the literature in several ways. First, we investigate movie choice from a group movie-going perspective that is more realistic and consistent with the market behavior. Secondly, the study sheds new light on the WOM effect. At group-level, both valence and volume significantly affect movie choices, which adds to the understanding of the role of online WOM in consumers' movie choice.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1987

The present study examines firstly, the inhibition of collagen gelation to explore the possible involvement of $Cu^{++}$-catalyzed peroxidation in rheumatoid arthritis and secondly, the effect of sodium salicylate on this peroxidative reaction to provide a possible explanation for its mechanism of anti-inflammatory action. Incubation of collagen obtained from rat skin with $Cu^{++}$ and $H_2O_2$ resulted in the inhibition of gelation in terms of maximal turbidity and lag phase, but either $Cu^{++}$ or $H_2O_2$ alone essentially gave no effect in the collagen gelation. In the presence of sodium salicylate the inhibited gelation of collagen induced by $Cu^{++}$ and $H_2O_2$ was reversed with the dependency of the concentration of sodium salicylate. Moreover, the rate of $H_2O_2$ decomposition by $Cu^{++}$ was accelerated by sodium salicylate and this decomposition of $H_2O_2$ was found to be saturable in terms of concentration of this drugs. Thus it can be expected that $Cu^{++}$ -catalyzed peroxidation attacks collagen resulting in change of structural or functional integrity of collagen, and sodium salicylate may act on this peroxidative process, possibly through the enhancement of catalatic action of $Cu^{++}$. From these results $Cu^{++}$-catalyzed peroxidation can be in part responsible for degradation of joint tissue in rheumatoid arthritis and sodium salicylate may exert its anti-inflammatory action by this peroxidative reaction.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2015

Objective : Walking with a Material handling is an activity frequently undertaken by agricultural workers in Korea, due to the nature of their work. This study aimed to investigate differences in biomechanical variables according to the mechanical alignment of the lower limbs when walking with a heavy load, and to use this as basic data in the design of various working environments to reduce the skeletomuscular burden on the knee joint. Method : The study subjects comprised of 22 right-foot dominant adult men and women aged between 20 and 23 years. The subjects were divided into a varus or valgus group according to the mechanical alignment of the lower limb by using radiographic findings. The subjects walked without any load and with a load of 10%, 20%, or 30% of their body weight held in front of them. The Kwon3d XP program was used to calculate biomechanical variables. Results : The flexion/extension moment of the knee joint showed a decreasing trend with increased load, irrespective of the mechanical alignment of the lower limb, while the varus group did not show normal compensatory action when supported by one leg at the point of maximum vertical ground reaction force. In addition, in terms of the time taken, subjects showed no difficulties in one-foot support time up to 20%/BW, but at 30%/BW, despite individual differences, there was an increase in single limb. The increased load resulted in a decrease in the ratio of standing phase to ensure physical stability. The valgus group showed a trend of increasing the stability of their center of mass with increasing load, through higher braking power in the early standing phase. Conclusion : In conclusion, although there was no statistical difference in biomechanical variables according to the mechanical alignment of the lower limbs, the varus group showed a more irregular walking pattern with a Material handling than the valgus group, partially proving the association between lower limb alignment and walking with a Material handling.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.365-372
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to implement HACCP system to foodservice of W and D elementary schools with joint-lunch management system in Kyungsan area. Steamed rice with squid was selected and Control Action, Monitoring Procedure and Control measure were identified based on HACCP flowchart to produce safe and healthy food. It was suggested that frozen squid must be thawed under the cold running city water and kept temperature below 1$0^{\circ}C$ and receiving/thawing procedure has to be done within 30 min. Raw vegetables must be washed under three-tube wash stand and whole prepreparation procedures should be done in 20 minutes. Clean and sanitize all the equipment and utensils before and after handling squid. Knives and cutting boards for vegetable and squid should be classified. Sauce for steamed rice with squid should be heated about 21 minutes to reach the temperature of 94$^{\circ}C$ before serving and internal temperature of food must be kept above 84.4$^{\circ}C$ during serving. The ideal temperature of kitchen should be remained 15∼18$^{\circ}C$. The underground water has to be excluded to minimize the risk of contamination in the foodservice facility and the prepreparation place must be separated with cooking place. Also, Personal hygiene Practice should be check in each stage. Further, additional research needs to be conducted to determine models for HACCP implementation for different menu.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.17 s.17
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• pp.73-82
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• 2005

The Bunhwangsaseoktop is the oldest stone brick pagoda in Silla Period. The pagoda body is made by piling small brick-shaped stones trimmed from black andesite and the first-story core has a shrine, which is made by granite. In 1915 it was repaired on a large scale, but now is severely damaged. Many kind of the stone decay like flaking, granular disintegration have occurred especially on the granite surface of the pagoda. In this study have been investigated the stone decay type and its cause in relation to efflorescence on the body part. Various analysis show that the deterioration on the granite is due to the same materials that lead to efflorescence on the body stone surface. The soluble salt like sodium nitrate, calcium sulfate and sodium sulfate come from white joint mortar. This salt solution is recrystallized in the outside of the pagoda, but most of them flow down with rain. In This process the porous granite absorbes the dissolved salts with moisture into the inside by capillary action. In order to reduce this problem, therefore, white joint moral is changed with other less soluble materials. And it is necessary to take steps to prevent water from seep into the inside of the stone, because this water dissolves the white joint mortar.