• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.520-527
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• 2005

In order to investigate the geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in streams of upper Yeongsan River drainage system, sediment samples from the main stream of Yeongsan river, Hwangryong river, Gwangju and Jiseok streams were collected and analyzed for grain size and metal and organic carbon contents. The metal contents in the sediments are mainly dependent on organic matter contents in the domestic sewage, grain size of the sediments and geology around the streams. Enrichment factor (EF) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) representing the degree of metal contamination in the sediments are relatively low in the main stream of Yeongsan river main stream, Hwangryong river and Jiseok stream. However, those of Gwangju stream show the EF maximum values of P=8.30, Cu=5.55, Zn=14.29 and Pb=7.45 and the Igeo maximum values of P=3.58, Cu=4.43, Zn=3.22 and Pb=1.59.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.650-660
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• 2017

In this study, pollutant emission characteristics by water damage period analyzed 11 items (water temperature, pH, DO, EC, BOD, COD, TOC, SS, T-N, T-P and flow) with load duration curve, time series load curve and factor analysis for three years (2014-2016). Load duration curve is applied to judge the level of impaired waterbody and estimate impaired level by pollutants such as BOD and T-P in this study depending on variation of stream flow. Water quality standard exceeded the flow of mid-range and low-range by flow condition evaluation using load duration curve. This watershed was influenced by point source more than non-point source. Cumulative excess rate of BOD and T-P kept water quality standard for all seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) except BOD 59% in spring. Water quality changes were influenced by pollutants of basic environmental treatment facilities and agricultural areas during spring and summer. Results of factor analysis were classified commonly first factor (BOD, COD, and TOC) and second factor (flow, water temperature and SS). Therefore, effects of artificial pollutants and maintenance water must be controlled seasonally and reduced relative to water damage caused by point pollution sources with effluent standard strengthened in the target watershed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2013

This study has been carried out to clarify the characteristics of discharge and pollutant loading according to flow conditions at jiseok stream watershed (JSW). A flow rate and pollutant load in the study watershed were estimated by equation of stage-discharge and discharge-loads rating curve. By using the methods above, I've evaluated the water quality (WQ) of the JSW if it is satisfied with the standard target. I've collected the data of BOD and T-P from the JSW every 8 days for the duration of 12 months. And then, I've schematized the data upon the load duration curve and the results showed me that the WQ of JSW was satisfied with the standard target. I've also collected the same data every each day for the duration of 12 months from JSW and have schematized the data again. And the results showed that it also was satisfied with the standard target. To be concluded, I've determined that point pollution sources of JSW gives more significant impacts to the WQ than non-point pollution sources of JSW and hence, as time goes, point pollution sources will keep depriciating the WQ of JSW. Therefore, further efforts will be required to JSW to maintain the WQ.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2013

In this study, we report the water quality characteristics of pollutants for 4 major tributaries in the Yeongsan and Sumjin river basins using statistical analysis, such as regression equation and factor analysis. The flow rate and water qualtiy data collected from 4 sampling sites(Hwangryoung A, Jiseok A, Chooryeong A, Osu A) in the Yeonsan and Sumjin river basin during the past 3 years were analyzed for 11 parameters(flow rate, dissolved oxgen, pH, water temperature, electric conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen deman, total organic carbon, total nitorgen, total phosphorus, suspended solid). The results showed that the concentrations of BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P in Hwangryoung A(HW) and Jiseok A(JS) of the Yeongsan river basin were decreased as the flow rate was increased. This means that rather than nonpoint soources, point sources affect water quality. In the cases of Chooryeong A(CR) and Osu A(OS) in the Sumjin river basin, howerever, nonpoint sources than point sources are an important factor that affects the water quality. Also, the factor analysis technique was employed to analyze principal component influencing on water quality. The results revealed that the first principal component in HW was correlated with EC, DO, T-N, water temperature. This "nitrogen influx according to seasonal pattern" factor may be interpreted. In JS, the first principal component was correlated with BOD, COD, TOC and is likely to represent "organic matter" processes. In CR and OS, BOD, COD, TOC, SS and T-P were significantly correlated and is considered as representing "Organic matter and adsorption of phosphorus on sediments influx". This study is expected to contribute to the effective pollution control/management of the surfac waters in the study sites.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.881-895
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• 2002

Sediments and river waters form the channel of Hwasun-cheon were studied in sedimentological size and geochemical analyses of metallic elements for the purposes of identification of depositional environments and geochemical characteristics. The sizes of sediments are assigned to pebble to coarse sand in mean size and polymodal in distribution. And the sediments are poorly to very poorly sorted and positively skewed. According to the grain size distributions of the sediments, the Hwasun-cheon belongs to gravel-bed river on the basis of the grain size distribution of the sediments. The behaviors of metallic elements in the sediments mainly depend on not grain size distribution but the geology connected with geomorphological reliefs near the stream. Contamination indices(CI) of Zn, Cu and Pb are 2.83 to 6.96 with average 4.31 in the sediments. Hwasun-cheon is assigned to general stream type in accordance with water quality of physical factors and chemical characteristics by Piper's diagram. Though meaningful values of BOD, T-N, T-P were locally depicted near Masan-ri, Hwasun-eup and Jiseok-cheon areas, artificial metal concentration do not represent in the most area of the stream. Sediments and river water are considered that the relatively more or less high metallic contents in the stream are originated from coal mine and urban area.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.184-198
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• 2014

For estimating discharge and pollution loads into the Yeongsan lake, a conceptual watershed model HSPF(Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran) was applied to the Yeongsan River Basin. Various spatial data set including DEM, watershed boundaries and land uses were used to set up the model for the Yeongsan River Basin that was divided into 45 sub-basins. The model was calibrated and validated for the river discharges, SS, BOD, TN and TP concentrations against the data observed in 2011 at several monitoring stations. The simulation results show good agreement with the observed water flows($R^2$ = 0.46 - 0.97, NSE = 0.70 - 0.96). The simulated concentrations of SS, BOD, TN and TP are also in good agreement with the observed. The total freshwater discharge to the Yeongsan lake is estimated $2,406{\times}10^6m^3/year$ which the Jiseok and Hwangryoung stream contribute as much as 19%, 17% respectively. It is estimated that the total discharges to the Youngsan lake is SS 152,327 ton/year, BOD 15,721 ton/year, TN 10,071 ton/year, TP 563 ton/year. Both water and pollution loads are high in summer, particularly in July, when the monsoon season arrives at the Korean peninsula.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.445-454
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• 2012

본 연구는 상류역에 댐이 존재하지 않는 충적하천에서 과거 이치수 위주의 하천정비사업이 하도지형의 장기적인 변화에 미치는 영향과 그원인을 유사계의 관점에서 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 영산강 유역의 지석천 중하류역을 대상으로 하도선형, 사주형태와 식생활착율 등의 하도의 평면형상 변화를 분석하고, 하상재료 및 하상변동 조사를 실시하였다. 자연적인 충적하천 당시(1966년)와 제방과 저수로, 취수보 건설 등의 하천정비사업으로 변모된 최근(2002년)의 항공사진의 비교분석결과, 유로형태의 변화(단일사행에서 다지형화), 하도선형의 만곡도 감소(9.2%), 지천사주의 확장, 그리고 사주의 식생활착(97%) 현상이 발견되었다. 이와 같은 하도의 주수로 고정화와 사주내 식생이입은 댐하류 조절하천에서 나타나는 대표적인 평면 하도특성으로, 대상구간에서도 댐하류역과 유사한 유황의 변화 또는 유사량 감소가 영향을 미치고 있음을 추정할 수 있다. 유황변동 조사결과, 비록 댐하류 하천에서 나타나는 연간 수위변동의 균일성은 보이지 않았지만, 과거에 비해 홍수빈도와 규모가 감소하였다. 하상재료의 입경은 4~5배정도 조립화 되었고, 하상변동 조사결과 전체적으로 하상저하가 발생하였으나 지천합류부에서 국부적인 하상상승을 보였다. 이러한 결과들은 비록 댐으로 조절되지 않는 충적하천에서도, 하도내의 하천정비사업으로 인하여 유사 공급량의 감소, 지천과 본류간의 유사이동능력의 불균형, 그리고 하도내 지형형성 과정의 저하 등과 같은 유사계의 인위적인 교란이, 장기적으로 댐하류 조절하천과 유사한 하도의 평면하도 형상의 변화를 유발하고 있음을 의미한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.487-496
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate pollutant loading, were quality and plant distribution of 8 streams which are tributaries of the Youngsan River. The nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and nutrient removall capacity of the most frequently occurring aquatic plants on streamside were also determined. As a result, the pollutant loading appeared to be correlated with the area of watershed, while the water quality was related to the land use pattern of each steam. The aquatic plants were distributed differently among the streams; Hydrilla verticillata - Potamogeton crispus, Numphoides peltata - Hydrocharis dubia and Polygonum thunbergii - Phragmites japonica were dominant at the Orye Chon, Jungan Chon, Whangryong River and Jiseok Chon, while potamogeton crispus - Lemma paucicostata, Zizania latifolia - Phragmites communis were dominant at the Youngam Chon and Munpyeong Chon. Persicaria hydropiper and Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola were dominant at Kwangju Chon which was polluted with domestic wastewater. >From the measurement of leaf NRA for dominant species, the highest value of NRA was shown by the Polygonum thunbergii, followed by Oenanthe javanica > Phragmites communis > Zizania latifolia > Lemma paucicostata. The highest nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacity was found in Phragmites communis.

• 생태와환경
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2019

미국가재 P. clarkii는 미국 남부지역이 원산지며, 미국, 아시아, 아프리카, 유럽 등 전 세계에 걸쳐 서식하며, 유럽에서는 토종가재와의 경쟁 등 생태계를 교란하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 조사에서 영산강수계의 지석천(15.5 km 구간)과 대초천(6.1 km 구간)에서 미국가재의 서식이 되었다. 연구기간 동안 채집된 미국가재는 총 33개체이며, 3월에 채집된 암컷 1개체서는 복부에 붙어 있는 215개체의 어린가재가 확인되었다. 다항목수질측정기를 활용한 서식 환경의 분석결과 수온 2.4~32.8℃의 범위로 확인되었고, 전기전도도는 53.4~502.3 μS cm^-1, 시기와 지점에 따라 일정한 변화 패턴을 보이지는 않았으며, 용존산소량은 0.74~22.64 mg L^-1로 조사지점과 계절에 따른 변화의 폭이 크게 나타났다. 보다 정밀한 수온과 기온의 변화를 파악하기 위해 온습도데이터 로거를 설치하여 측정한 결과 기온은 -9~48.1℃로 연중 기온 변화폭이 57.1℃로 폭 넓게 나타났으며, 수온의 2.9~33.9℃로 연중 수온 변화폭은 31℃로 확인되었다. 기온의 변화폭이 넓게 나타난 이유는 온습도데이터로고의 설치를 직사광선에 노출되는 장소로 선정하였기 때문으로 연중 기온의 변화폭과는 다소 차이가 있을 수 있다. 미국가재는 높은 적응력과 넓은 환경내성 범위를 가지며, 새로이 유입된 지역에서 급격하게 증가하여 토착생물에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고하고 있다. 또한 질병과 기생충 전파의 매개로서 작용하며, 굴 파는 행동으로 인해 농경지와 양식장에 피해를 야기할 수 있어 이에 대한 신속한 조사와 연구가 수행되어야 한다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.367-379
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• 2013

꺽저기 Coreoperca kawamebari는 탐진강 및 인접 하천에 제한적으로 분포하는 반면, 꺽지 C. herzi는 전국의 여러 하천에 분포한다. 두 종의 공서 수역에 대해서 지금까지 보고되지 않았으나, 본 연구에서 섬진강의 지류인 보성강과 영산강의 지류인 지석천에서 두 종의 공서 수역을 확인하였다. 꺽저기와 꺽지의 공서 수역 내에서 하천 환경의 차이에 따른 두 종의 분포 양상과 어류 군집의 특성을 확인하기 위하여 2011년 9월부터 2012년 10월까지 보성강 상류 수역에서 환경 요인과 어류 군집을 조사하였다. 순위 수도 분포 분석에 의하면, 서식지 환경이 다양할수록 꺽저기와 꺽지의 출현 비율이 비슷할 뿐만 아니라 어류 군집의 종다양성이 높았다. 정준대응분석 결과에서 꺽저기는 정체 수역에 서식하는 반면, 꺽지는 하상이 호박돌으로 이루어지고 유속이 빠른 환경에 서식하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 꺽저기와 꺽지의 서식지 환경이 상이하다는 것을 확인하였고, 하천의 서식지 환경이 단순하면 꺽저기나 꺽지 중 한 종만 출현하고 어류 군집의 종 다양성이 감소하였으며 서식지 환경이 다양하면 이들 두 종이 공존할 수 있고 종 다양성이 증가하는 것으로 파악되었다.