• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.100-114
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• 2018

Nationally designated Cultural Properties 'Scenic site No.12 Maisan Mountain, Jinan' designated areas and some protected areas, and taking into account the dynamics of naturalized plants causing problems, we will restore the original vegetation scenery of Mt. Maisan. The results of this study are as follows. A total of 76 families, 192 genera, 286 taxa, and inland and inhabited areas, 76 and 138 genera and 163 taxa were identified in the areas of Ammaibong. The total number of naturalized plants identified in this study area is 28 taxa total, which corresponds to 7.1% naturalization rate(NR) among the vascular plants of all 395 taxa, and the urbanization index(UI) corresponds to 8.4% of the 333 taxa of Korean naturalized plants. Ecosystem disturbance plants identified in the survey area were Ambrosia artemisiifolia 1 taxa. The naturalized plants controlled and managed by separate anthropogenic vegetation management within the designation and protection area of Maisan scenic place are three species of herbaceous Rumex acetosella, A. artemisiifolia and Festuca arundinacea. It was identified as a breed. Indigofera bungeana and F. arundinacea communities around the stairway and Amorpha fruticosa, I. bungeana, A. artemisiifolia and Amaranthus patulus of the top of Am-Maibong were selected as the first priority sites for exclusion of exotic species in Maisan area and target naturalized plants species to the Ammaibong peak. In addition, R. acetosella community around the temple was suggested to be removed first to preserve endemic species. For the restoration of vegetation, we suggest that Stephanandra incisa, Spiraea blumei, Weigela subsessilis, etc. should be planted after removal of I. bungeana, and F. arundinacea, C. lanceolata, Carex callitrichos var. nana.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2007

Sprays containing chitosan, grain amino acids, or wood vinegar, were applied to vine leaves of the Campbell Early grape variety, and effects on the quality and storability of grapes were investigated. Weights of grape clusters and individual bemies did not differ significantly from the values seen when traditional agnicultural chemical treatment was used. The percentage of clusters over 300g in weight was, however, higher after spraying with chitosan, grain amino acids, or wood vinegar, than after agricultural chemical treatment, Grape moisture contents, levels of soluble solids, and reducing sugar concentrations, did not differ when the traditional treatment and the newer sparys were compared. Among minerals, the levels of potassium, iron and zinc measured in fresh grapes were increased by the clitosan, grain amino acids, and wood vinegar spray. After 8 weeks of MA storage, reducing sugar levels decreased, and titratable acidities increased, compared to levels measured at the beginning of storage. This was true regardless of the method of vine treatment the hardness of berries decreased slightly over 4-6 weeks of storage, and increased thereafter. The weight losses of grapes were relatively low(0.28-0.35%) on storage after any vine treatment tested. Grapes from vines sprayed with chitosan or grain amino acids showed a lower decay rate than did fruit from vines that had received a traditional agricultural chemical treatment. Sensory evaluation results indicated that the marketability of grapes from vines treated with traditional agricultural chemicals was better than that of grapes from vines sprayed with chitosan, grain amino acids, or wood vinegar.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2009

To investigate abundance of soil organisms in the ginseng cultivation, we have selected 6 different cultivated lands in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do. The microarthropods were assessed on the basis of 3,101 individuals collected between April and November 2008. The taxonomic composition and abundance of microarthropods were as follows: Acari 44.9%, Collembola 50.1% and others 5.0%. Density increased at the cast and 4 year point, and the population of microarthropods was high in April and May, but low in July and August. Acari/Collembola ratio was approximately 0.90%. There was no correlation between soil factors and microarthropods. The density of soil actinomyces represented a monthly average $0.3{\sim}0.9{\times}10^6\;cfu\;g^{-1}$, and fungi tended to increase and decrease regularity at each spots, where highest decrease was observed in August and September. The density of bacteria was $1.1{\sim}9.6{\times}10^6\;cfu\;g^{-1}$ in each period and those in June and August were much higher than after August. The distribution of fluorescent Pseudomonas showed regular tendency in early survey periods but did not appear in significant numbers after July.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2017

The entomopathogenic fungus Zoophthora radicans (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) was found to infect Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Plutella xylostella, Myzus persicae and one unidentifed species. Samples of the fungus were collected from three areas (Jinan, Gimje, and Iksan) in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. Infected insects appeared in July and September, during which time population infection rate of Z. radicans on C. medinalis reached up to 46%. Zoophthora radicans hyphal bodies are rod-like to hyphoid, and primary conidia are bullet-shaped to long ovoid. The fungus was isolated from the surfaces of larvae and cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extract (SDAY). The optimal temperature range for mycelial growth was $20{\sim}28^{\circ}C$. Mycelium growth on SDAY supplemented with egg yolk and milk (SDAY-EM) was higher than on SDAY alone. Zoophthora radicans may play an important role in controlling insect population density using naturally induced epizootics.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.869-882
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop teaching materials for geological fieldwork around the area of Mai Mountain and to analyze the responses of elementary teachers as to the application of fieldwork. The site of geological fieldwork, Mai Mountain area, is located around the Maisan Provincial Park of Jinan-gun, Jeonbuk Province where a large-scale sedimentary succession in the era of Cretaceous is shown. It provides an easy access to distinct outcrops around the provincial park. The sequences reveal different kinds of sedimentary rocks and various sedimentary structures, and provide information of the lacustrine sedimentary environments of the Cretaceous. In addition, metamorphic rocks and structures formed at the margin of the basement and the basinal fault as well as a sedimentary sequence of the Quaternary formed in a modern fluvial stream are observable. A 4-step fieldwork procedure was applied to a group of 13 elementary teachers. Through questionnaire and interview, results showed that (a) the geological fieldwork and materials were effective to positively increase science teaching from the participating teachers, and that (b) there is a great need of the development of various fieldwork sites and teaching materials that promote active fieldwork for students to have their lived experience and knowledge gain. It is suggested that teacher education programs be able to provide active fieldwork for elementary inservice teachers to properly carry out a geological fieldwork for their students.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.384-391
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• 2002

To analyze the genetic relationships among 23 accessions of Asparagus cochinensis $L_{OUR}$, random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis was performed using artificially synthesized 10 primers. The range of polymorphism was $42.9{\sim}91.7%$ with an average of 72.9% in 85 randomly and specifically amplified DNA fragments. On the. basis of similarity coefficient analysis by unweighed pairgroup method, arithmetic average method(UPGMA), 23 accessions of Asparagus cochinensis $L_{OUR}$ could be classified into 6 groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.82. Group I contained 5 accessions, Group II contained 6 accessions, Group III contained 6 accessions, GroupIV contained 2 accessions, Group V contained 2 accessions and Group VI contained 2 accessions. The range of total genetic similarity coefficient value of 23 accessions of Asparagus cochinchinensis $L_{OUR}$ was $0.47{\sim}0.92$ and average value was 0.76. To obtain more exact data from PCR, we also tried to develope enhanced RAPD techniques using Bovine Lacto Transfer Technique Optimizer(BLOTTO). In RAPD analysis of Asparagus cochinensis $L_{OUR}$, we could obtain better RAPD results by adding BLOTTO at a final concentration of 1%.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2007

In order to promote utilization of the Yangha (Zinger mioga Rosc.) as functional food and natural spices, and 95.93%, from the dried one 7.63%, and from powder 9.81%, respectively. Crude protein content from the Yangha powder was 11.21%, and contents of crude fat, crude ash and crude fiber were 2.44%,10.78%, and 14.47%, respectively. Most of compositions from Yangha powder were higher than those from raw and the dried one, except fer water content. Antioxidative effect was investigated through Rancimat and DPPH methods. Oxidative stability of Yangha powder was the highest of4.21Al. Furthermore, the free radical scavenging activity of Yangha powder (76.61%) was higher than that of raw (49.35%) or the dried one (61.78%). Volatile flavor compounds of Yangha was extracted by steam distillation and extraction method. The extracts were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography and GC-MS spectrometry. One hundred twenty two volatile flavor components were identified, and the major component was terpene compounds including ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, 1,4-terpineol, and ${\beta}$-terpinene.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.512-520
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• 2020

This study analyzed the relative operational efficiency and impact factors of regional public hospitals to present benchmarking points for enhancing the efficiency of inefficient regional public hospitals. The survey targets collected and utilized the internal resources and management performance data from 34 regional public hospitals in Korea over the past five years, from 2014 to 2018. The final 33 regional public hospitals were surveyed, excluding Jinan Regional Public Hospital, which opened in 2015, the middle of the survey period. The general characteristics and input/output variables were analyzed by frequency analysis and technical statistics analysis, and Data Envelopment Analysis was performed to measure the operational efficiency index and relative comparison. According to the study, there were 11 efficient hospitals (33.3%) and 22 inefficient hospitals (66.7%). Of the 22 inefficient hospitals, 13 (IRS: Increasing Returns to Scale) required scale expansion, and nine (DRS: Decreasing Returns to Scale) required scale reduction or rebalancing. The significance of this study was that an analysis of the relative efficiency and influencing factors presented specific alternatives or directions that could help enhance the efficiency of the growth of regional public hospitals, sustainable management, and expansion of publicness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.201-208
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• 2013

Objective: To investigate changes in the invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells in vitro after expression inhibition of T lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1 (Tiam 1) and underlying mechanisms. Methods: Using adhesion selection, two subpopulations with high ($M_H$) or low ($M_L$) invasive capacity were separated from the human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 ($M_0$). Tiam 1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) was transfected into $M_H$ cells with liposomes, and expression of Tiam 1 mRNA and protein was determined by RT-PCR and quantitative cellular-ELISA. Changes in the cytoskeleton, invasive capacity in vitro and expression of ras-related $C_3$ botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac 1), integrin ${\beta}1$ and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) between Tiam 1 ASODN transfected $M_H$ cells and non-transfected cells were observed by HE staining, cytoskeletal protein staining, scanning electron microscopy, Boyden chamber tests and cyto-immunohistochemistry. Results: A positive correlation existed between the expression level of Tiam l mRNA or protein and the invasion capacity of gastric cancer cells. After ASODN treatment ($0.43{\mu}M$ for 48 h), Tiam 1 mRNA transcription and protein expression in $M_H$ cells were decreased by 80% and 24% respectively (P < 0.05), compared with untreated controls, while invasive capacity in vitro was suppressed by 60% (P < 0.05). Morphologic and ultrastructural observation also showed that ASODN-treated $M_H$ cells exhibited smooth surfaces with obviously reduced filopodia and microspikes, which resembled $M_0$ and $M_L$ cells. Additionally, cytoskeletal distribution dramatically altered from disorder to regularity with reduced long filament-like structure, projections, pseudopodia on cell surface, and with decreased acitn-bodies in cytoplasm. After Tiam 1 ASODN treatment, the expression of Rac 1 and Integrin ${\beta}1$ in $M_H$ cells was not affected (P > 0.05), but that of MMP 2 in $M_H$ cells was significantly inhibited compared with untreated cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Over-expression of Tiam-1 contributes to the invasive phenotype of gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of Tiam 1 expression could impair the invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells through modulating reconstruction of the cytoskeleton and regulating expression of MMP 2.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.199-214
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• 1977

These studies were conducted to obtain basic information of the rice blast resistance in comparision with blast occurrence patterns in the blast nursery test in Korea. One hupdred and twenty nine rice varieties including several blast differential varieties and 30 combinations of pedigree lines were tested at six different locations, Suweon, Chulweon, Chuncheon, Iri, Jinan, Imsil, and Milyang, in 1976~1977. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. When blast resistance was tested using three sets of differential varieties at six locations, prevalent races were different depending on the location and differential variety set tested. 2. There were regional differences in blast disease reation among Japonica rice varieties and among Indica${\times}$Japonica crosses. 3. At Suweon blast disease reactions of pedigree lines were different from that at Imsil. 4. Three varietal groups were made depending on the develpment of rice blast in the nursery test. 5. In general, highly resistant varieties to rice leaf blast were also resistant to neck blast, but there were exceptions.