• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.144-158
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• 2012

A higher spatial resolution is preferable to support the accuracy of detailed climate analysis in urban areas. Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) and satellite (KOMPSAT-2, Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-2) images at 1 to 4 m resolution were utilized to produce digital elevation and building surface models as well as land cover maps at very high(5m) resolution. The Climate Analysis Seoul(CAS) was used to calculate the fractional coverage of land cover classes in built-up areas and thermal capacity of the buildings from their areal volumes. It then produced analyzed maps of local-scale temperature based on the old and new input data. For the verification of the accuracy improvement by the precise input data, the analyzed maps were compared to the surface temperature derived from the ASTER satellite image and to the ground observation at our detailed study region. After the enhancement, the ASTER temperature was highly correlated with the analyzed temperature at building (BS) areas (R=0.76) whereas there observed no correlation with the old input data. The difference of the air temperature deviation was reduced from 1.27 to 0.70K by the enhancement. The enhanced precision of the input data yielded reasonable and more accurate local-scale temperature analysis based on realistic surface models in built-up areas. The improved analysis tools can help urban planners evaluating their design scenarios to be prepared for the urban climate.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the relationship of leg length analysis and X-ray finding according to positions and valuation bases on diagnosis of pelvic malpositions. Methods: Twenty-two people who get $33.09{\pm}10.73$ as average were evaluated by leg length analysis and X-ray findings. After measuring innominate measurement(IM), femur head line. distance between S2 and posterior superior iliac spine(PSIS). ilium shadow measurement(ISM), major axis of obturator foramen(MaF), minor axis of obturator foramen(MiF) and distance between off centering measurement and symphysis pubis, those were analyzed. Results: 1. In assessment of posterior rotation malposition ilium(PI), it was showed the best coincidence between leg length analysis and X-ray analyzed by 1M in supine position(11 cases, 50.5%). 2. In assessment of inflare, coincidence index between leg length analysis and X-ray were not good($4.00{\pm}3.03$ cases, $18.15{\pm}13.82%$). And leg length analysis were not sensitive. 3. On the whole, coincidence index between leg length analysis and X-ray were not good(best: 1 case, 45.5%; worst: 11 cases, 50.0%). Conclusions: Results form this investigation showed the relationship of leg length analysis and X-ray according 10 positions and valuation bases on diagnosis of pelvic malpositions. This results are expected to contribute to establish method of assessment in diagnosis of pelvic malpositions.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2003

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on the radiosensitivity of normal human oral keratinocyte (NHOK). Materials and methods: Relative cell survival fraction including SF2 (survival fraction at 2 Gy) was calculated on the basis of colony formation assay. Data were fitted to the linear-quadratic model to establish the survival curve and calculate α and β values. Using flow cytometry at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after exposure to 2 and 10 Gy irradiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were analysed. To understand the molecular mechanism of the radiosensitization of ATRA on NHOK, proteins related with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were investigated by Western blot analysis. Results: Treatment with ATRA resulted in a significant decrease of SF2 value for NHOK from 0.63 to 0.27, and increased α and β value, indicating that ATRA increased radiosensitivity of NHOK. ATRA increased LDH significantly, but increasing irradiation dose decreased LDH, suggesting that the radiosensitizing effect of ATRA is not directly related with increasing cell necrosis by ATRA. ATRA did not induce appotosis but increased G2 arrest after 10 Gy irradiation, implying that the increased radiosensitivity of NHOK may be due to a decrease in mitosis casued by increasing G2 arrest. ATRA inhibited the reduction of p53 at 3 days after l0Gy irradiation and increased p21 at 1 day after 10 Gy irradiation. Further study is required to determine the precise relationship between this effect and the radiosensitizing effect of A TRA. Conclusion: These results suggested that ATRA increase radiosensitivity by inhibiting mitosis caused by increasing G2 arrest.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2008

Purpose: It has been shown that the inorganic polyphosphate is effective for the regeneration of bones through the preliminary animal test of rabbits. The most effective concentration of the polyphosphate, however, is not known yet. Moreover, the effectiveness of carriers inside human body is not confirmed.. Materials and Methods: In this study, we examined the effect of the concentration of the inorganic polyphosphate on the process of the bone regeneration using the 6 weeks old rabbits with the weight of 2.0 kg in average. We performed the experiment using TR-ePTFE membrane(membrane) filled with collagen immersed in 4%, 8% of inorganic polyphosphate, respectively, following removal of the proper sized cortical bones from the rabbit calvaria. The experimental results were compared with the one of the following four groups: The negative control group for membrane only, the positive control group for membrane filled with collagen, the first experimental group for membrane filled with collagen immersed in 4% of inorganic polyphosphate, and the second experimental group for membrane filled with collagen immerse in 8% of inorganic polyphosphate. The fragments of the tissue with membrane obtained from each group of the sacrificed rabbits for 8 or 16 weeks sustained after surgery were then prestained by the Hematoxylin-Eosin stain and coated by resin to form non-decalcified specimens for the histologic examination and analysis. New bone formation was assessed by histomorphometric and statistical analysis. Results: 1. All groups have shown better bone regeneration at 16weeks than 8weeks. 2. Negative control group has shown more bone regeneration relative to the other groups at 8 and 16 weeks. 3. All experimental groups have shown better bone regeneration relative to positive control group. 4. At 16 weeks, the first experimental group has shown more bone regeneration compared to the second experimental group. Exophytic bone formation is not good at the first and the second experimental groups compared with negative control group. But, the use of 4% inorganic polyphosphate was more effective to bone formation than the use of 8% inorganic polyphosphate. Conclusion: With above results, it is suggested the use of inorganic polyphosphate with vehicle under TR-ePTFE membrane.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.862-870
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• 1996

Background : Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-Tb) has been increased not only in Asia but also in Western society, which may cause public health problems and reduce the efficacy of treatment of tuberculosis. In Western society HIV infection is believed to do a central role in increasing incidence of MDR tuberculosis, but MDR-Tb in Korea may be somewhat different about clinical features, underlying disorders, and prognosis. Goble et al reponed that overall treatment failure rate in MDR-Tb including resistance to isoniazid(INH) and rifampin (RFP) was 44 %. The aim of this study is to find the treatment result in Korea and the factors determining the prognosis. Methods: A retrospective study of pulmonary tuberculosis cultured M. tuberculosis from sputum or bronchial washing fluid between 1986 through 1992 was conducted in the Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University. We reviewed clinical courses of 141 patients, who had a tuberculosis with resistance to 2 or more drugs including isoniazid(INH) and rifampin(RFP). One hundred and 4 patients of 141 patients had completed treatment and followed up for more than one year. Results: Of 104 (mean age $43.6{\pm}16.7$, M: F=63 : 41) patients with sufficient follow-up data, 73(84.6%) patients responded which is defined as negative Sputum cultures for at least 3 consecutive months. Seven patients(6.7%) had a failure in negative conversion and 9(8.7%) of the patients who initially responded relapsed. Overall treatment failure rate was 15.4%, Patients who were treated for less than 12 months had a higher relapse rate(12.3%) than 18 months(4.9%). And there was a statistically significant correlation between the relapse rate and the number of drugs to which isolates wera resistant(p<0.05). Conclusion : The treatment failure rate of MDR-Tb in Korea was lower than previous studies in western Country and the major determining factor of prognosis was the number of resistant drugs to M. tuberculosis at drug sensitivity test. For reducing the relapse rate, we recommend more than 12 months of treatment for MDR tuberculosis.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 1998

Enhanced production of (10-deacetyl) baccatin III and related taxanes was observed in suspension cultures of Taxus baccata Pendula. six % of initial glucose and sucrose concentration increased 10-deacetyl baccatin III production 3.5 and 2.5 times, respectively. Methyl jasmonate, as an elicitor, increased taxane production. Time course changes of taxane production after methyl jasmonate addition showed that baccatin II and 10-deacetyl baccatin III were detected first and paclitaxel, 10-deacetyl taxol and cephalomanine were produced in sequence. Feeding experiments with $500{\mu}M$ of benzoic acid increased 10-deacetyl baccatin III production 10 times. Baccatin III production was also increased 8 times by feeding of $500{\mu}M$ of lysine as a precursor.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.473-480
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• 2019

Recently, local game companies have been increasingly producing PC-based game that were popular with users among the existing commercialized games into mobile games through remakes. In this paper, we studied how console-based game influenced mobile augmented reality game . Through this process, we extracted five characteristics of mobile augmented reality, then interpreted and classified the meaning of this. Based on released in 2016, the scope of research is limited to console and mobile games previously released. According to the analysis, showed 50 characteristics and borrowed 78% from its existing Pokemon, 22% from its new production, and contained 24% reality. We also found that the Pokemon game series , and the exotic series had much influence on production. Based on this research data, we hope that augmented reality games for mobile will be made more active using existing game contents. It is also hope that such activities will lead to the growth of the home and abroad game industry.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2006

Objectives: DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet are recommended as first-line therapy for prevention of hypertension individuals with high normal blood pressure. We studied the effects of DASH program on blood pressure among the pre-hypertension group. Methods: To determine the impact of dietary patterns on the control of hypertension we studied the subgroup of 141 participants with systolic blood pressure of 120 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic BP of 80 to 89mmHg, body mass index(BMI) ${\geq}25kg/m^3$ or waist to hip ratio(WHR) ${\geq}0.95$(for man). 0.85(for woman) enrolled in DASH program. Participants were received of education and consulting about DASH every week for 8 weeks. Results: The level of diet to prevention of hypertension and compliance of DASH increased after education. Also, The DASH program significantly reduced systolic BP (from $136.03{\pm}12.40mmHg$ to $126.09{\pm}11.25mmHg$, p< .01) and diastolic BP (from $81.80{\pm}6.32mmHg$ to $76.44{\pm}10.61mmHg$, p< .01). Conclusion: The DASH program effectively lowers BP and may be useful in achieving prevention of hypertension.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.237-247
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• 2004

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to estimate the needs of long-term care in S-city Gyeonggi-do according to ADL and IADL. Methods: We surveyed to investigate the needs of 397 study samples which had been selected by stratified randomized sampling, 2.7% in each Dong of S-city. We estimated the disability of elderly by using standards based on ADL and IADL of OECD and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Results and Conclusions: According to standards of OECD, the elderly with severe disability were 4,712(31.2%). According to standards of Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, the severe disabled elderly with helper were 3,776(24.9%) and the severe disabled elderly without helper 2,130(14.1%) So We concluded that the long-term care beds estimated by need were from 2,130 to 4,712. To estimate the long-term care beds, we have to consider together physical, mental, nutrition, and cognition status, existence of helper, helper characteristics, and emotional relationship between elderly and helper. But we considered only disability grades of physical states and existence of helper in this study. So it will be useful to conduct study to consider these other factors in future. At the same time this study is of value to estimate objectively long-term care needs based on physical needs in one region.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of navigator education program for cancer screening, which is designed for improvement in knowledge of cancer, perceived self efficacy and communication skill of the breast and cervical cancer screening for middle-aged and aged women in urban areas. Cancer screening navigator is lay health advisor who are educated for providing information, emotional support about cancer screening at the community. Methods: The subjects were 33 women at the age of 40-69 and educated for 12 hours through the education program. The control group subjects were 30 women. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and paired t-test were used with SPSS WIN 14.0. Results: Contents of education program were case of cancer early detection, benefit of breast cancer screening, benefit of cervical cancer screening, health care system for cancer screening, role of cancer screening navigator, communication skill, transtheoretical model and role play. Knowledge of cancer(t=4.267, p=0.000) and communication skill(t=4.947, p=0.000) of the women increased significantly after implementing the 12 hours education program. Conclusion: The results suggest that navigator education for cancer screening has an effect in increasing knowledge of cancer, and communication skill scores.