• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.280-288
• /
• 2022

Objectives: One of the most widely used pesticides today is chlorpyrifos (CPF). Cytochrome P450 (CYP)2B6, the most prominent catalyst in CPF bioactivation, is highly polymorphic. The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of CYP2B6^*6, which contains both 516G>T and 785A>G polymorphisms, in CPF toxicity, as represented by the concentration of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), among vegetable farmers in Central Java, Indonesia, where CPF has been commonly used. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 vegetable farmers. Individual socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, as determinants of TCPy levels, were obtained using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and subsequently used to estimate the cumulative exposure level (CEL). TCPy levels were detected with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using a TaqMan^® SNP Genotyping Assay and Sanger sequencing. Linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between TCPy, as a biomarker of CPF exposure, and its determinants. Results: The prevalence of CYP2B6^*6 polymorphisms was 31% for ^*1/^*1, 51% for ^*1/^*6, and 18% for ^*6/^*6. TCPy concentrations were higher among participants with CYP2B6^*1/^*1 than among those with ^*1/^*6 or ^*6/^*6 genotypes. CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms, smoking, CEL, body mass index, and spraying time were retained in the final linear regression model as determinants of TCPy. Conclusions: The results suggest that CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms may play an important role in influencing susceptibility to CPF exposure. CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms together with CEL, smoking habits, body mass index, and spraying time were the determinants of urinary TCPy concentrations, as a biomarker of CPF toxicity.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.12
• /
• pp.397-408
• /
• 2020

SMEs as an organization to succeed and to be sustainable must have the most essential and strategic capital, namely creativity, competitive advantage, and intellectual capital. This study aims to explore how creativity and intellectual capital determines SMEs' sustainability as well as examine the emerging role of competitive advantage in supporting this relationship. A quantitative method was applied to gain a better understanding of the relationship between variables undergoing Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). This study collected data from 123 SMEs in East Java of Indonesia using an online survey. The approach adopted in this study is a convenience random sampling method, which is widely used in entrepreneurship and SMEs' sustainability research. The findings showed that intellectual capital positively affects both competitive advantage and SMEs' sustainability. Additionally, the result of this study confirms a robust relationship between intellectual capital and SMEs' sustainability. However, partially, creativity failed in explaining SMEs' sustainability. Furthermore, this study confirmed that competitive advantage has successfully mediated both the influence of creativity and intellectual capital to SMEs' sustainability. Although this research only involved participants in East Java, this study can be the first step for relevant research of SMEs' sustainability, in particular, in Indonesia.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.190-197
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of space design appearing in facade and interior composition factors of buildings in the colonial period in Indonesia. Research method is a field study, and subjects of the study is 14 buildings built in the colonial period located in Jakarta. The research result is as follows. First, Facade is divided into C type (colonial style), CT type (colonial style + traditional style), CA type (colonial style + art deco style), and CTA type (colonial style + traditional style + art deco style). Among them, CT type which shows both a colonial style and traditional style accounts for the most. As for Java traditional style mainly shows Joglo roof style and bratticing decoration on top of gates, and the colonial style presents both an Amsterdam canal housing style such as narrow Facade and unusual Gable, and a classical style such as pediment, entablature, and columns. Second, interior space is divided into C type (colonial style), CT type (colonial style + Indonesian traditional style), A type (art deco style), and CA type (colonial style + art deco style). Among them, CT type was also accounted for the most. Selected traditional style is a shape of bratticing decoration on top of gates and a shape of tenon of Joglo housing structure. Colonial style showed classical style such as exposed crossbeams, columns, and pilasters, and as for unique decoration, there are Ancona decoration and Delft tile decoration. On one hand, art deco style used typical art deco factors such as contrast of various materials and complementary color or golden color use as well as zigzag or vertical lines and geometric ornament by combining with colonial style or traditional style. It is expected that such research result will be a practical reference data when Korean construction companies or interior design companies advance Indonesia.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.139-147
• /
• 2013

This study is thing about eco-tourism activated Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park in Indonesia. Indonesia is full of eco-tourist resources with the possession of the tropical forest. Particularly, Gede Pangrango National Park on the west of Java island has so plenty of bio-diversity that the UNESCO designated this park as the World Biosphere Reserve. By virtue of this, various visitors all over the world are visiting Gede Pangrango Park for doing research, education, hiking and camping. However, Indonesia lags behind other countries in convenience facilities for visitors, so their visiting programs are actually insufficient. In order for eco-tourism to be revitalized, there should be physical improvement in visiting facilities, management of a variety of visit programs, and local residents' participation & projects to increase the income of local residents. This study is going to seek for the environment-friendly management plan suited for the properties of the park and improvement plan for eco-visiting facilities by closely grasping the actual condition of the eco-tourism of Gede Pangrango National Park.

• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.1-36
• /
• 2017

This paper deals with the rise of Islamic scheme of security in Indonesia's longstanding traditions of vigilantism since the fall of Suharto's New Order regime. For that purpose, in comparison with other modes of the securitization process on morality issues that functioned by the end of New Order, I discuss the background that enables Islamic security to launch off, and the process of institutionalization and the practices of Islamic security agenda. I then argue how that scheme relates to power and moral legitimacy, and how it shapes the way of perceiving self and society. Through this ethnographic analysis of the rhetorical and institutional changes to the scheme of security in Indonesia, this paper demonstrates how the social stress in the reform era, which is mediated by the ideas of globalization and Islam, is put into the securitization process, and how Indonesian society imagines its future through the Islamic vehicle of security.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.9
• /
• pp.1263-1266
• /
• 2002

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of some production factors on commercial production of Etawah Crossbred Goats (ECG) of Inpres Desa Tertinggal member groups (AKIDT) at Krasak, Pandansari, Brajan, and Kragilan villages in Boyolali regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The study was from February to April 2000. Eighty respondents of AKIDT were selected by simple random sampling and the data were analyzed using Cobb Douglas Production Function. The results showed that ECG production simultaneously were highly significant (p<0.01) influenced by amount of feed consumed (kg TDN/year, $x_1$), number of does of ECG (Animal Unit/year, $x_2$), number of kids and does/ barn/year (Animal Unit/year, $x_3$), labor use (man-days/year, $x_4$) and work capital (US$/year, $x_5$) with $R^2= 0.6568$. In addition, ECG production was partially influenced by $x_2$, $x_3$ and $x_5$ (p<0.01) and $x_1$ (p<0.05), but not significant (p>0.05) by $x_4$. Technically, production factors of $x_1$, $x_2$, $x_3$, $x_4$, $x_5$ had reached technique efficiency (0$x_1$, $x_3$, $x_4$, $x_5$ did not showed efficiency (Ep<1) and $x_2$ was not efficient yet.

• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.155-182
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of Islamization in Java, focusing on religious discourse among Muslim intellectuals. How Islamic tradition and knowledge have been perceived and utilized and how they have interacted with those of non-Islamic origin will be discussed. For this, three Islam-related books written in different phases of Islamization are to be analyzed: Babad Tanah Jawi compiled by Mataram court in the 17th century, Serat Cabolek written by a court poet in the late 18th or early 19th century, and Fikih Anti-korupsi published by reformist and scriptural organization of Muhammadiyah in 2006. Babad portrays conversion to Islam as a process which does not demand a dramatic outward change in religious practice. Scriptural tradition of Islam and the dichotomy between what is Islamic and what is not were not mentioned in order to explain conversion. Spiritual and mystical enlightenment was emphasized heavily, and for this, the importance of non-Islamic traditions was fully acknowledged. Serat tells us that this period was characterized by the surge of scriptural and shariah-minded Islam, maintenance of non-Islamic traditions, clashes between scriptural Islam and old religious traditions, and Javanese efforts to harmonize these. In Fikih, non-Islamic tradition is replaced by scriptural Islam and disappears totally. Interpretations based on the Scriptures, however, do not monopolize it and are used together with mode of analysis from the West. It is too much to call this 'intellectual syncretism', in that Islamic Scriptures and Western knowledge do not mix but stand side by side. Three books under examination reveal that the process of Islamization in Java has not been uniform. It has been conditioned and shaped by local socio-cultural and historical circumstances, where active engagement and intellectual exercise of Javanese Muslims have played key roles. Even Islamization in the last few decades is not an exception. The surge of scripturalism and fundamentalism does not simply bring about a move to Arabization. Interacting with local intellectual and socio-cultural milieu, this has produced a sort of intellectual hybridity, which is unique to Muslim society of Java.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.389-394
• /
• 1993

A study on housing and management of dairy cows was conducted in three villages. All activities of husbandry related to the housing and the condition of the cows were observed and farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire. The main type of housing was a tie stall mostly in the back yard area with a gable or shed type roof. Inside the shed the temperature ranged from 17 to $29^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity ranged from 62 to 73%. Drainage and manure handling was poor which lead to poor cleanliness of the stables and animal skins. The floor space was mostly wide and the roof level was low (less than 2.5 m). The slope of the floor (1-3%) was sufficient, the roughness of the floor was of medium quality. The shape and size of the feed trough was good with a surface of mostly irregular forms. Concentrate was mixed with water and offered in liquid form in pails made from plastic or from parts of rubber car tires. Hoof length was too long which could lead to unstable position and self injury. It is concluded that the housing conditions of dairy cattle need to be improved in order to improve the condition of the animals and the production performance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.1181-1188
• /
• 2021

This research aims to analyze transglobal leadership which has an impact on bank sustainability with militancy and organizational culture variables as mediating variables. In addition, to evaluate militancy, cultural organizations exist to encourage bank sustainability. This is an explanatory research conducted using a quantitative approach in the form of a survey. The population of this study includes all Heads of Regional Offices and Head of Branch Offices of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia is spread across Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Jayapura. This study uses a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability and secondary data. Quantitative data analysis was performed in the form of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis based on Partial Least Square (PLS) to answer the research hypothesis. The results show a significant and positive relationship between transglobal and militancy leadership, transglobal leadership with innovation culture, militancy with innovation culture, militancy with bank sustainability and innovation culture with bank sustainability. The novelty of this research lies in the use of militancy and innovation culture as intervening variables in the correlation between transglobal leadership and bank sustainability. The militancy variable is the new variable to be checked.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.1047-1056
• /
• 2021

The study aims to analyze the performance-prove goal orientation and organizational culture on employee work performance of performance appraisal by placing employee work motivation as an interning variable. The study was conducted on a quota sample basis with 134 employees and staff in educational institutions under the auspices of Islamic educational institutions in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. Analysis through structural equation modeling (SEM) was done, and results were obtined which showed that there is an influence of institutional culture on employee motivation and that there is an effect of employee motivation on performance appraisal. However, the statistical output showed that there is no significant effect of performance-prove goal orientation on employee motivation. In testing the mediating effect, the results showed the significant influence of employee motivation in bridging the relationship between organizational culture on performance appraisal, and performance-proven goals and performance appraisal. The theoretical contributions of the findings were in its examination of performance-prove goal orientation with motivational encouragement in educational institutions to analyze the extent to which an individual's self-confidence was able to integrate patterns in distinguishing the approach used, how to use, and the response to a specific situation of directing toward organizational achievement.