• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.40
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• pp.77-85
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• 2007

According to the survey data during the Japanese Occupation Period, the length of South Korea's coastline is about 11,542 km, including the coastlines of land and islands. It will be very expensive and time-consuming to revise/renew accurately this coastline data through site survey, it will cost great money and time. Also, various development projects such as reclamation works on public waters, constructions of ports/harbors, etc. are frequently changing the coastal areas and coastlines, causing many renewal projects on coastal maps. For such reason, appropriate alternatives for site survey are necessary. This paper demonstrate the utilization of RTK-GPS survey data, qualitative analysis and 3D topographic analysis for extracting the change in five coastal areas (Songjeong, Haeundae, Kwanganri, Songdo and Dadaepo). The local experimental areas subjected for this research were limited to five coastal areas near Busan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2005

This paper summarizes characteristics of the Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). Major fishing area for the Korean tuna purse seine fleet consisted of the waters of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands and adjacent high seas between $130^{\circ}E-180^{\circ}$ The center of the Korean tuna fishing ground was in the vicinity of $180^{\circ}$ during the El - $Ni{\tilde{n}}$o event but was formed in $150^{\circ}-160^{\circ}$E during the La - $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ event. As compared with other major purse seine fleets in WCPO, the Korean fleet set more on unassociated schools of tuna, while Japan, USA and Chinese - Taipei fleets accounted for more than 50% of sets on log - associated schools. In general, CPUES for log - associated schools were higher than those for unassociated schools and catch composition showed that yellowfin ratio was higher in unassociated shools than log - associated schools. Length frequency represented higher percentage of mid - sized yellowfin than Japanese and USA fleets. Daily set numbers and CPUE were high before 7 am and remained almost constant from 7 am to 3 pm but decreased rapidly after 3 pm and 5 pm, respectively. Catch composition per set indicated that pure skipjack school was caught most frequently, followed by mixed school and pure yellowfin school as the least, but CPUE was highest for the mixed school.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 1997

1994년 1월부터 12월까지 1년간에 걸쳐 우리 나라 서해안 비인만의 조간대에서 채집된 떡조개, Dosinorbis(Phacosoma) japonocus(Reeve)를 대상으로 성숙 및 산란시기를 규명하기 위해 생식소 여포지수(GFI)및 생식소지수(GI)의 월별변화, 생식주기, 월별 난경 조성 및 성비를 조사하였다. 본 종은 자웅이체이고, 생식소는 중장선 하부와 소화맹낭 그리고 섬유성 결체조직과 근섬유에 의해 치밀하게 구성된 외측 근섬유층 사이에 위치하고 있다. 산란기 추정을 위해 조사된 GFI와 GI의 월별변화 양상은 생식주기와 일치하는 경향을 보였다. 난경 55-65$\mu\textrm{m}$인 성숙란들은 젤라틴성 막에 의해 둘러싸여 있다. 본 종의 생식주기는 초기활성기 (12-2월), 후기활성기(2-5월), 성숙기(5-8월), 부분산란기(6-8월)그리고 퇴화 및 비활성기(8-12월)의 연속적인 5단계로 나눌 수 있었다. 산란기는 수온 및 먹이이용 가능성과 밀접하게 관련되어 있는 것으로 보이며, 산란은 수온이 2$0^{\circ}C$ 이상인 6월부커 8월까지 일어났고, 산란성기는 6월과 7월이었다. 산란기는 단지 그 해 하계에만 일어남으로써 1년에 1회의 산란기를 가지나 그 산란 빈도 횟수는 1년에 1회의 산란계절 중 2회 이상 일어나는 것으로 추정된다. 암.수 개체들의 성비는 통계 처리한 결과 1:1(x$^{2}$=0.08, P>0.05)로 나타나 암.수간 성비에 차이가 없었다.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.31-51
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• 2004

The reduction of fishing grounds due to the establishment of EEZ system among China, Japan and Korea together with the depletion of fish resources by pollution of waters and successive reclamation projects along the east and the south coastal lines has made many problems in coastal communities including the decrease of population, the deepening aging phenomenon in the fishery society and the fall of relative income level compared with those of rural and urban residents. Especially, the income level of a fishing household is 90%. of a rural resident and 70% of a urban resident. The income of a fishing household consists of 55% of fishing income, 20% of a agricultural source, 20% of income from non-fishing areas, and 10% of transferred income. Compared with that of a Japanese fishing household which has more diverse income sources such as 62% of income coming from non-fishing areas through being hired in manufacturing firms, etc., that of Korean ones is highly dependent upon fishery and agriculture, so that the diversification of income sources is urgently needed, especially in non-fishing areas. This paper shows that as a model to upgrade fisherman's income level, firstly, it is necessary to enhance the value-added of fishing products through processing and new innovation of distribution process and, secondly, to promote tourism in fishing villages. To ascertain this model, a questionnaire survey to fishermen was carried out and showed that they expressed a strong support for the increase of income by the value-added process through processing and innovative distribution system and the active introduction of tourism in fishing villages. A case study on Gosan cooperative in Jeju was also introduced to identify the rationale of the suggested model and this study proved the validity of the model again. Conclusively speaking, to level up the fisherman's income requires the value- added activities through the introduction of product processing and new distribution system together with the introduction of marine tourism in fishing villages.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 1989

Surveys of electrophoretic variation in isozymes and general proteins encoded by 26 loci were conducted to assess species recognition and to estimate the degree of genic variation and species divergence for seven species of the genus Moroco inhabiting in Korea and Japan. Estimates of the average calculated heterozygosity per species of M semotilus, M sp., M percnurus, M lagowskii, M oxycephalus, M steindachneri and M jouyf are low: 0.021, 0.019, 0.051, 0.031, 0.023, 0.046, and 0.007, respectively, and observed heterozygosities are 0.038, 0.022, 0.060, 0.027, 0.025, 0.042, and 0.002, respectively. Allozyme analyses show these species to be distinct genetically with the lafter four species being more closely related one another than any one of them is to the rest of the species. However, these four species (M. lagowskii, M. oxycephalus, M. steindachneri and M jouyi), had unique genetic markers in each species to be recognized as valid species. These results contrast to the previous report of Chung et of. (1986) mainly due to their error in analyzing the isozyme pallems, particularly in MDH and PGI analyses. The genetic distances among M semotilus, M sp., and M percnurus are near the high end of the scale of such estimate for freshwater fish congeners. Based on estimated divergent time of these species of the genus Moroco (5 to 0.6 million years) it is assumed that they are speciated during late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene epoch prior to migration to Korean and Japanese waters through Paleo Amur River system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2007

According to the survey data during the Japanese Occupation Period, the length of South Korea's coastline is about 11,542km, including the coastlines of mainland and islands. To accurately revise/renew this coastline data through site survey, it will cost great money and time. Also, various development projects such as reclamation works on public waters, constructions of ports/harbors, etc. This paper used aerial photographs, satellite image data and GPS survey data with certain intervals to monitor the change in coastal areas of Songieong, Haeundae, Kwanganri, Songdo and Dadaepo. The local area subjected for this research was limited to areas near Busan. The specific contents of this research include. Launching qualitative/time series analyses on the change of coastal areas using aerial photographs, satellite image data and RTK-GPS surveys.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.22 no.1 s.35
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• pp.63-86
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• 2006

A list of species of bivalve mollusks, their local distributions and relative abundance in Yeongil Bay were analysed. Species richness ranging from 1 to 37 species was low (less than 10) in some stations at the entrance and in the central part of the bay. Fifteen species (Acila insignis, Nucula tenuis, Yoldia notabilis, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Arca boucardi, Axinopsida subquadrata, Felaniella usta, Mactra chinensis, Raeta pulchella, Nitidotellina hokkaidoensis, Theora fragilis, Alvenius ojianus, Callithaca adamsi, Ruditapes philippinarum and Laternula anatina) were most frequently encountered, and seven of them were most abundant numerically (per sample): Th. fragilis in the inner bay, A. insignis, N. tenuis, and A. ojianus in the outer bay, and C. adamsi, A. subquadrata, R. puichella in both parts. Local distributions of common species were described and presented in plotted data, and three distribution patterns were recognized. Biogeographical analysis shows that a majority of species (55%) belongs to the subtropical group, tropical-subtropical species (16%) play a relatively significant role, and the percentage of boreal (temperate) and boreal-arctic species is 18% which characterizes the whole fauna as subtropical. Zonal-biogeographical composition and number of species in families in Yeongil Bay are compared with those of some Japanese (Wakasa and Mutsu) and Russian (Peter the Great, Possjet and Amursky) bays of the East Sea. The absence of a number of typical warm-water embaymental mollusks in Yeongil Bay found in the north further East Sea and Japan, and the similar zonal-biogeographical structure of the inner and outer bay faunas are explained by active water exchange due to the openness of the bay, relatively low summer temperatures, and presence of upwelled cold waters.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.24-42
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• 1999

I have studied historical transition process of fisheries industries, fisheries Institute in abreast of developing fisheries industries of west coast of Korea since 1910 year with regard to the Gogunsan Is. The results were summarized as follows. In 1910 year, fishery industry has been carried out shifting fishing gear e.g set-net in shallow waters, small stow net, small seine net adapting to the tophorgrapical feature, shape of coast, oceanic condition, however, the fishing gear and fishing method were undeveloped, so that, Japanese fishermen had been exploited fisheries resources penetrating the fishing ground. Most important species were lot of captured croaker, cod, spanish mackeral, sea abream, herring in coastal sea. nowaday, squid, anchovy, shrimp, crab, pompret were much captured. The species were captured in 18 century were not captured. It is rarely than that period. Fishereis aquatic culture had been not farmed till 1960 year, but sea laver, shrimp, crab, had been breeded 1970 year also, the fresh water fish e.g. eel, cat-fish had been breeded activately. The fisheries processing industry were composed of salt. icing, dry, method. the salted fish industry had been prevailed at Gangyng, Kwangchon, Kunsan, Julpo comparatively. The fisheries institute had been established at Kunsan at first, but institute established in other region had been abolished in a short time. This phenomenon was related with development of fisheries resources. The western coast fisheries industries had been wasted of decreasing of fisheries resources, variation of environment. Accordingly, the study of preserving the marine resources. educated man power who engaged in fisheries field have to accomplish. Sea was dying with reason of loss of mud in west coast factory waste, waste of life the increase of accident of sea polluted, each illegal fishing industry physical and chemical reason etc. in this respect, Kusan maritime college, fisheries developing agency, institute have to take important role for developing fishing industry.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.529-552
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the matter as to how the meaning of the physical therapeutic landscape by water, which is associated with physical, cultural, spatial, and economical aspects, appears in the space centering on women and is to look into the feminine factors in term of a rest area, consideration, and imagery for women. From a perspective of a rest area for women, the meaning of a physical aspect is remarkable and is materialized in thermal waters and bathing, atmosphere, subsidiary facilities and safe nightlife. According to these phenomena, female visitors are able to feel freedom, power, which can return themselves to the best condition by thermal waters, therapeutic equipments provided in a watering place continuously, safe protection and exchange with strangers with an open mind. And the cultural aspect of the therapeutic landscape by water is discovered in consideration for women. It is the fact that joins the Japanese culture based on consideration towards others to the traditional culture of hot springs by itself. For example, women can feel various pleasure, experience the protection or the support by someone and pursuit not only physical beauty but also mental or spiritual one through welcome bus, service of Okami san and Nakai san, decorations, funny installments and secure of private space. Lastly, the imagery of women can be identified in cultural, spatial, and economical aspects extensively somewhat and is embodied by advertising mediums, signs of hot springs, shrines, objets and products variously. It is made into healthiness, relaxation, comfort, familiarity and image that are realized to love or are connected to a happy marriage life. To sum up the results, the healing or therapeutic elements for women appearing in hot springs are gathered to some abstraction such as freedom, safe, effect beyond the body, pleasure, durability of healing or therapy, beauty and hope; furthermore, if these abstraction are combined each other closely, the effect of healing or therapy, which transforms anxiety into a stable condition, can be exposed externally.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2002

The combined hydroacoustic and demersal trawl surveys to investigate the distribution characteristics of fish schools in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea were carried out during the spring of 1997 by the training ship "Nagasaki Maru" of Nagasaki University. Fish samples were collected by bottom trawling from 9 trawl stations randomly selected in the survey area, and the species and length compositions of trawl catches are examined. Hydroacoustic data were collected by using a Furuno FQ-50 scientific echo sounder operating at 50KHz and the data stored in field were later processed in the laboratory. The results obtained can be summarized as follows ：1. In the 9 trawl surveys conducted in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, 78 species including 80 species of fishes, 4 species of Cephalopoda and 6 species of Crustacea, were identified. The most abundant species in these stations were swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus), Japanese horse mackere(Trachurus japonicus), redlip croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) and the catch per one hour in each station ranged 7.7 to 182.5 kg/hour. 2. The mean volume backscattering strength for the entire water column and the bottom layer of the 0-10 m from bottom friction were -74.6 ㏈ and -68.2 ㏈, respectively. That is, the mean volume backscattering strength for the bottom layer was 6.4 ㏈ higher than that for the entire water column 3. In the surveys during the spring of 1997, the geographical distribution characteristics of fish schools suggests a trend of decreasing fish abundance toward the coast area of Korea and the highest demersal concentrations appeared in waters between the Cheju Island and the Tsushima Island 4. The distribution density of fish school in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea during the 1997 acoustic survey were estimated to be 6.65$\times$10$^{-5}$ kg/㎥ in the entire water column and 2.86$\times$l0$^{-4}$ kg/㎥ in the bottom layer, respectively.pectively.