• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the circumstances of repair works after enacting "Low for Conservation of Joseon Treasure, Historic Site, Scenic Beauty & Natural Monument (朝鮮寶物古跡名勝天然記念物保存令)". For this purpose, the official documents produced by the Government-general Museum of Joseon were analyzed. They included the contents of repair works of Hwaumsa Kakhwangjeon(華嚴寺 覺皇 殿). As a result, this study reveals that the repair work of Hwaumsa Kakhwangjeon had become a momentum of introducing specific guidelines such as "Guidelines for Architectural Treasure's Repair 寶物建造物修理施行準則", "Regulations for administration of Hwaumsa Kakhwangjeon's repair work 華嚴寺覺皇殿修理工事取扱手續)". The guidelines and regulations systematized the planning phase of the repair works and provided to organize the field office formed by experts. In spite of these positive changes, the repair works were controlled by the central government to the certain extent, and the Japanese repair techniques were mingled with traditional techniques recklessly.

• 기록학연구
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• 제41호
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• pp.213-260
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• 2014

이 논문은 일제가 1905년 12월에 조선에 통감부를 설치하면서 관제를 개편하고 기록을 장악해가면서 조선을 침탈해가는 과정을 고찰한 글이다. 일제는 1906년에 통감부를 설치하여 조선의 내정권을 강화해 간 후에 관제를 개편하면서 조선의 관료제를 동원하여 조선의 실상을 파악해갔다. 관제의 개편을 통하여 현용기록과 비현용기록을 관리함으로써 조선의 실상을 정확히 파악하고, 그를 바탕으로 조선의 침략을 원활히 수행해갔던 것이다. 구체적으로는 규장각의 기록을 정리함으로써 역사기록을 파악하고, 정부의 현용기록을 장악하면서 조선 내부의 취약적인 부분을 간취하고, 다른 한편으로 '시정개선(施政改善)'이라는 명분을 내세우고 개혁을 빙자하면서 조선을 침략해들어왔던 것이다. 실제의 사례를 들면 다음과 같다. 첫째 궁내부 규장각을 장악하여 규장각에 소장하고 있었던 역사기록을 정리하는 일을 수행하였다. 2년에 걸쳐 조사사업을 수행하고 대한제국의 역사기록을 정리함으로써 조선의 역사적 흐름과 그 핵심을 파악하였다. 둘째 정부의 준현용 기록을 수집 정리하였다. 그것이 본격화한 것은 1910년 8월에 대한제국이 멸망한 후였다. 대한제국의 멸망 후 정부기록을 조선총독부 취조국에서 이관받아 정리하여 조선의 상황을 파악하고 장악해갔다. 셋째 정부와 황실 재산에 관한 문건을 대대적으로 정리하여, 황실재산 중 일부를 제외하고 국유재산으로 환원시켰다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제4호
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• pp.93-130
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• 2001

Chosen General Government initiated the activities of collecting and managing the archives from Chosen Dynasty because of necessity to push positively for its colonial policies. Particularly, such efforts of the regime resulted eventually in boosting their understanding on the Korea cultures, as well as contributed to their reigning Korea to an extent. Some aspects that reflect it are as follows. In 1910 Chosen General Government took over, and began to arrange and classify huge volumes of archives that were held by the royal family. During this period, they collected and arranged literatures that they took over from the earlier Korean government. In 1913, Chosen General Government increased enormously the varieties and volumes of the archives that they intended to collect. They started with collecting archives limited to those literatures that had existed in the civil sector before 1894. It can be noticed that just in 1913 Chosen General Government revealed their intention to collect and classify both royal archives and civil archives. With the work of collecting, classification and annotating archives, Chosen General Government commenced the compilation of Chosensa (Korean History). These efforts aimed at cultural assimilation and educating of Korean people, and in this process, the importance of Chosen Dynasty's archives was reconfirmed. One of the representative cases was a change of terminology. With the compilation efforts into full swing since 1915, Chosen General Government repeatedly started to use the term 'Saryo' (historical records) in connection with Chosen's literatures and archives. The term 'Saryo' previously had been used in Japanese literatures, and it is deemed that it was used as a term generally referring to archives of Chosen Dynasty from that time. This signifies that Chosen General Government began to involve their historical point of view in approaching to the archives of Chosen. As they broadened their understanding on Korea through the annotation of old literatures and compilation of Chosen History, they seriously set on the work of assimilating Korean people culturally aiming at gripping its reign on Korea. Archives of Chosen likewise were very crucial basic data for understanding Korea and its people, and Chosen General Government is deemed to have utilized the archives as a means to reign and assimilate Korean people.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.41-58
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the symbolic meaning of pattern designs attached on the main building of Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Government (CPG). While most of researches mainly focused on the value and evaulation of the CPG building in terms of architectural history, relatively little insight has been gained on the symbolic meaning and mature of the pattern designs. What king of connections are related between the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun(Korea) and those of CPG? What symbolic meanings are engraved on the pattern designs? The researcher then took up the task of elucidating symbolic meanings of patterns and their relation to the building. The existing pattern of the outer wall of the CPG building consists of the symbol of sun(太陽輪), mums(菊花輪), and angle of stairs(雁大角). According to the Japanese Studies of emblems, these visual elements symbolize 'the sun of Japan'((日の丸) or 'the emperor', 'the royal family', and 'rays of the sun'. Based on these preliminary findings, the researcher considered the following in-depth connections: (1) relations with the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun, (2) relations with the emblems of local autonomous entity, Kyoungsung in Chosun. (3) relations with the emblem designs of the local provinces in Japan etc. In conclusion, patterns of the main building were not just an architectural decoration, but they had significant meanings utilizing design elements and methods adopted by local autonomous entities in Japan, The patterns found at the ceilling and floor of hall in the CPG building were associated with the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun. Therefore, all the patterns of the CPG building are powerful symbols that have meanings for the colonial rule by using the shape and method of city identities that Japanese local provinces had enacted. That is, it came out into the open that they were designed for special meanings that Korean and Japanese are united as a single body(內鮮一體) for a subject of the Emperor of Japan(皇國臣民).

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.199-222
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• 2022

일제강점기였던 1921년 9월말, 경주 노서리(盧西里)에서 우연히 발견된 고분인 금관총(金冠塚)이 발굴된 지 100년이 되었다. 한반도뿐만 아니라 아시아 더 나아가서는 세계적인 발견으로 알려져 있는 금관총의 발굴보고서는 발굴 3년 후인 1924년과 1928년에 조선총독부가 일본어와 영어로 출판한 경주 금관총과 그 유보(慶州金冠塚と其遺寶: A ROYAL TOMB "KINKANTSUKA" or THE GOLD CROWN TOMB at KEISHU, AND ITS TREASURES)라는 책과 도판(圖版)으로 발행된 것이 있으며 이 책들을 2011년에 경주 문화재연구소에서 우리말로 번역하여 소개한 것이 있다. 발굴보고서는 조선총독부 고적조사위원이었던 하마다 코사쿠(濱田耕作)(후일 교토제국대학 총장)와 조선총독부 고적 조사 사무촉탁 우메하라 스에지(梅原末治)가 작성한 것이다. 본고에서는 이 보고서보다 훨씬 빠른 시기인 고분 발굴에서부터 약 반년 후인 1922년 7월에 서문이 작성된 조선의 고등보통학교(高等普通學校)의 5학년에서 교재로 사용된 '고본 고등 조선어 및 한문 독본 제5권(稿本 高等朝鮮語及漢文讀本 卷五)' 교과서를 발견하여 소개한다. 이 교과서에서 하마다 코사쿠(濱田耕作)는 '경주의 새로운 발굴품(慶州의 新發掘品)'이라는 제목과 우리말로는 조금 어색한 표현이지만 '매우 큰 발견'이라는 뜻으로 '절대의 발견(絶大의 發見)'이라는 부제목을 달아 하나의 단원으로 일본어가 아닌 우리말로 금관총 발굴의 성과와 학술적, 고고학적 발견, 문화사적인 측면에서 그 의미를 강조하고 있다. 발굴 직후에 작성된 원고이기 때문에 발굴 당시의 고고학 연구자로서 흥분된 느낌과 향후의 연구에 대한 기대를 그대로 읽을 수 있다. 본고에서는 금관총 발굴 후 조선총독부 조사책임자의 흥분된 현장의 목소리를 집필한 지 100년이 되는 2022년에 소개하고자 한다. 아울러 고분 발견부터 보고서의 작성에 이르기까지의 과정을 하나의 연표로 정리하여 일련의 흐름을 이해하기 쉽게 하였다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제3호
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• pp.115-137
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• 2001

The Museum of Chosen General Government(MCGG) was a supreme organ to take charge of business affairs of historical remains Japanese imperial rule. The MCGG was established in Kyongbok Palace in 1915. The MCGG was changed the reorganization of the Chosen General Government(CGG) setups, the MCGG was to maintain the cultural assets, to excavate the ruins and to put on display the remains. However, the Japanese colonist took advantage of the MCGG for political purposes. They didn't use the MCGG to promote the research of Korea culture. Therefore, the MCGG was an organization to belong to the Department of Education of the CGG. In this reason, the MCGG produced the amount of public document to business affairs. Now, This document left in the Museum of Korea. We have seen the document to study the cultural policies and the cultural assets of the CGG. This document includes the abundant information for the historical remains and ruins at that time. Accordingly, this document will help to survey the archaeological research and historical research. In addition, this document will help to manage the cultural assets. What then is the advantage of this document? The first is to see the cultural policies of the CGG through this document. The Japanese colonist took advantage of Korea history, which was low-grade culture, to justify rule of the colony. Therefore, they needed collect Korean assets to verity their theory. The second is to see the administration system of the MCGG. Indeed, this document includes information of organization of the MCGG, the policies and the process of the MCGG. In substance, we can see the systemic proceedings of the MCGG. The third is to provide historical materials to the historian. This document has the persons to plan the colonial culture policy of the MCGG, and events to rule the Korea culture. Moreover, the document of the MCGG would help to inquire into the truthfulness of history and to get the national identity.

• 기록학연구
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• 제67호
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• pp.205-236
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• 2021

이 논문은 남겨진 조선총독부 기록의 잔존성을 중심으로 전시체제기 일제에 의해 조직적으로 실행된 '의도된' 기록 폐기 문제를 검토하였다. 일제 내각에서의 결정이 일본 본토와 식민지 등 제국 전역에서 동일한 방식으로 공문서를 대상으로 실행된 역사적 개연성을 보다 명확하게 인식하게 되었으며, 1930년대 후반 이후 아시아·태평양 전쟁으로 확전되고 전황이 악화되는 상황을 배경으로 공문서 감축과 정리, 종이자원의 재활용 등 이미 기록 폐기를 위한 시스템이 준비된 사실을 확인하였다. 또한, 조선총독부 기밀문서취급규정과 경찰서 처무규정 검토를 통해서 총동원계획과 관련한 기밀(비밀) 문서, 고등경찰 업무와 관련한 다양한 비밀문서의 존재, 그리고 이러한 비밀문서 중 상당수가 영구 또는 10년 이상 보존 기록에 해당된 사실도 확인하였다. 동시에 처무규정상 남아 있어야 할 문서현황이나 보존현황을 알 수 있는 각종 대장(부책)이 단 한 책도 존재하지 않는 현상을 밝히고 이를 패전 직후 조선총독부의 대대적인 공문서 폐기와 직접적으로 관련된 것으로 파악하였다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 일제강점기의 철도관련 법과 조직의 변화를 심층적으로 연구하였다. 우리나라의 철도관련 조직은 1906년부터는 통감부 철도관리국에서 시작하여 통감부 철도청, 일본철도원 한국철도관리국, 1910년에 조선총독부 철도국, 조선총독부 관방철도부, 경성철도관리국으로, 다시 조선총독부 철도국, 조선총독부 교통국으로 변화하여 교통전반을 관할하는 조직으로 확대 되었다. 또한 영업거리의 확대에 따른 조직의 변화와 함께 철도종사원의 수도 증가하였고 충원을 위한 양성기관도 발전하였다. 본 연구는 일제강점기의 철도조직과 깊은 관련이 있는 철도망의 변화와 철도노선의 건설시기 등을 살펴본 후 관련법과 철도조직의 변화과정을 함께 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 일제강점기의 철도네트워크와 철도조직 그리고 철도직원의 상관관계와 함께 각각의 특징을 분석해 보고 당시 일본, 만철, 타이완 철도조직과의 비교를 통해 우리나라 철도와 어떠한 차이가 있는가를 규명해 봄으로써 당시 각국의 철도조직의 공통점과 차이점 그리고 식민지성 등을 함께 규명하고자 하였다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제10호
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• pp.226-273
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• 2004

The characteristics of the records management systems of the Japanese colonial government can be summarized as follows. First, the Government General adopted a "decentralized retention" of public records. The Government General did not establish its own archives for central preservation of permanent public records. Colonial agencies established its own records office and the records office managed the records its agency created. Secret records and police records were exception. They were retained by the Secretary Office of the General Affairs Division and Police Division of the Chosun Government General respectively. Second, filing systems and retention periods of the public records followed the hierarchic structure of organization. In the headquarter of the government, records were filed by a "bureau-division-activity-file" classification system and a retention period of a file was given automatically by each unit the file belonged. A closed and cut-off file was retained and arranged according to its creating unit, creating year, and retention period. The filing system was easy to use once the filing system was established well, but to make it work effectively changes in activities and organizations should be on a reflected regular basis. It had an advantageous effect that permanent records could be preserved in a unified way throughout the organization. However, it is very critical to determine the permanent records in a professional way. Selection of the permanent records should be done professionally and in a historical perspective. Otherwise, the records retained as permanent records were not the records having an enduring value. And that was not done by the colonial government. Third, classification and scheduling of records were carried out by a creating division, rather than by the Records Office, mostly from the 1920s. Compilation of the records was also done by the creating agency. It implies that the records management lacked the professionalism. In conclusion, the records management system of the Chosun Government General wes nither modern nor user oriented. It managed the records for solely administrative purpose, i.e. effective colonial rule. The legacy of the colonial records system still exists in the public records system in Korean government. One should criticize the lack of will and efforts to modernize the public records system since the establishment of the Korean government while should reflect the historical origins of the records system in Korea.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제6호
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• pp.1-46
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• 2003

During the ancient times, there was no separative judicial system and administrative , legislative and judiciary functions were ultimately concentrated in the all-powerful monarch. And the three states developed state organization , adopting hieratical structures and placing at the pinnacle . State Codes were promulgated to initiate a legal system to rule the people, these codes instituted under influence of China codes. The people tradition sees crime control as the preservation of the authority of hereditary rulers. In the period of the Koryeo dynasty, government accepted a serious of detailed penal code from Tang dynasty . Legal response to crime stressed preservation of the dynasty rather than making citizen behave according to certain rules. In the period of Early Joseon , the compilation of Grand Code for state administration was initiated, the Kyeongkuk Taejeon ,became comer stone of the dynastic administration and provided the monarchial system with a sort of constitutional law in written form. This national code was in portant means of criminal policy at that time, Late Joseon , the impact of Western culture entering through China gave further impetus to pragmatic studies which called for socio-economic reforms and readjustment. Approach to criminal justice policy emphasized more equitable operation of the criminal justice system ,rehabilitation and crime control. Korea-Japanese Treaty concluded on 22 August ,1910 and proclaim a week later ,Japan gave the coup de grace to the Korea Empire and changed the office of the Resident - General into the Government - General . Thus korean criminal policy were lost during a dark ages ,which lasted for 36 years after fall of Joseon Dynasty (the colnial period,1910${\sim}$1945). After 1945 Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule, the occupation of devided Korea by the United States and Soviet Union frustrated the efforts of Koreans to establish an independent government, and the transplantation of two conflicting political ideologies to south and the north of the 38th parallel further intensified the national split. U.S. military government office occupied the south of the 38 the parallel and placed emphasis on democracy of criminal policy. ln 1948, the U.S. military government handed over to the ROK government its administrative authority.