• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.132-144
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• 2022

The fish community in the Seomjin River-Seomjin River Estuary-Gwangyang Bay coast continuum was investigated three times from March 2019 to October 2019. The collected species at the eight sites during the survey period were 49 species belonging to 31 families, including two endangered species. According to Bray-Curtis similarities, observations were divided into four groups based on the fish community composition; two groups (group 1, 2) and two uncategorized groups (group 3, 4). ANOSIM based on spatial and temporal groupings indicated that the spatial differences in fish communities (R=0.398, P=0.001) were relatively more important than the temporal differences (analysis of similarities, R=0.273, P=0.002). In particular, there were significant differences between groups 1 and 2 (analysis of similarities, R=0.556, P=0.001), and similarity percentage analysis revealed that Argyrosomus argentatus (9.4%), Favonigobius gymnauchen (6.9%) and Konosirus punctatus (5.9%) contributed to these differences of fish assemblages for each group. The fish fauna distributed in the Seomjin River-Gwangyang Bay ecosystem were spatially divided and the number of species and number of individuals showed seasonal differences. This study could be a basis for understanding changes in the fish community and implementing conservation and management strategies on major species within a continuous environment of the river-estuary-ocean continuum.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-106
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• 2023

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in Korea and the world. Since 2004, this is the 4th gastric cancer guideline published in Korea which is the revised version of previous evidence-based approach in 2018. Current guideline is a collaborative work of the interdisciplinary working group including experts in the field of gastric surgery, gastroenterology, endoscopy, medical oncology, abdominal radiology, pathology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology and guideline development methodology. Total of 33 key questions were updated or proposed after a collaborative review by the working group and 40 statements were developed according to the systematic review using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and KoreaMed database. The level of evidence and the grading of recommendations were categorized according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation proposition. Evidence level, benefit, harm, and clinical applicability was considered as the significant factors for recommendation. The working group reviewed recommendations and discussed for consensus. In the earlier part, general consideration discusses screening, diagnosis and staging of endoscopy, pathology, radiology, and nuclear medicine. Flowchart is depicted with statements which is supported by meta-analysis and references. Since clinical trial and systematic review was not suitable for postoperative oncologic and nutritional follow-up, working group agreed to conduct a nationwide survey investigating the clinical practice of all tertiary or general hospitals in Korea. The purpose of this survey was to provide baseline information on follow up. Herein we present a multidisciplinary-evidence based gastric cancer guideline.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2023

Domestic hop (Humulus lupulus L.) production has been suspended since the early 1990s due to foreign imports, but interest in local production is rising due to the recent craft beer boom in Korea. This study was conducted focusing on the development of growth characteristics and propagation technology for 6 introduced hop cultivars as a basic study for domestic hop production and breeding program. In the hop growth survey conducted in 2021 and 2022, the 5-year-old plants after planting generally showed a tendency to increase the height of strobile setting, strobile size, number and weight of strobile per hill compared to the 4-year-old plants. As a result of the experiment with hop vine cuttings, the average rooting rate of all cultivars was as high as 88% even in only water treatment that were not added with Atonik (Atonik, Arysta, Japan), a rooting agent. There were differences between cultivars in rooting length and rooting rate according to the Atonik treatment method. When checking the survival rate of the rooted cuttings seedlings after transplanting into the soil, it was confirmed that the survival rate of the cuttings in the tissue culture room was significantly lower than that of the cuttings in the greenhouse. However, in transplanting step, cutting plants from culture room condition was strongly inhibited plant growth because of changing environment conditions. As a results of tissue culture, the thidiazuron (TDZ) 1 ㎎/L treatment in the media generated 6 to 9 shoots/explant, while the 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 1 ㎎/L treatment generated only 1 to 2 shoots/explant. Therefore, it is more effective to culture by adding TDZ rather than BAP. These results indicated that the development of technology to manage stably after transplanting of cutting or micropropagating plants into potting soil is important for mass propagation of hops.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.265-273
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• 2022

Waxy corn (Zea mays L.), which contains homozygous mutant alleles for the waxy1 (wx1) gene, is widely consumed as a snack food in Asia. This study evaluated sixteen agronomic characteristics of inbred Korean waxy corn lines to aid development of high-quality waxy corn cultivars. The plant materials studied were 177 inbred waxy corn lines developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. For the tested lines, days to tasseling and silking averaged 77.69±2.22 days (with a range of 56-97 days), and 81.12±7.56 days (66-99 days), respectively. Plant length ranged from 88 to 237 cm (averaged 164.88±22.67 cm), ear length averaged 11.75±2.52 cm (5.0-18.5 cm), and ear width averaged 2.94±0.68 cm (1.4-4.5 cm). The number of rows on each ear of corn averaged 12.22±2.22 (7-32 rows) and the kernel number averaged 24.30±4.22 (9-37 kernels) per row. The crude protein content was 12.05±1.53% (8.90-21.80%) and total starch content was 69.27±5.74% (49.5-83.9%). Principal component analysis revealed that ear width, grain length, ear length, days to tasseling, days to silking, percentage of ear setting height, and total starch are features that allow distinction between the 177 waxy inbred corn lines. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified twelve waxy inbred lines that produce tall plants and have a short silking period. These lines may improve yield among quickly growing corn varieties.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.121-142
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• 2023

As the number and weight of imported food are steadily increasing, safety management of imported food to prevent food safety accidents is becoming more important. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety conducts on-site inspections of foreign food facilities before customs clearance as well as import inspection at the customs clearance stage. However, a data-based safety management plan for imported food is needed due to time, cost, and limited resources. In this study, we tried to increase the efficiency of the on-site inspection by preparing a machine learning prediction model that pre-selects the companies that are expected to fail before the on-site inspection. Basic information of 303,272 foreign food facilities and processing businesses collected in the Integrated Food Safety Information Network and 1,689 cases of on-site inspection information data collected from 2019 to April 2022 were collected. After preprocessing the data of foreign food facilities, only the data subject to on-site inspection were extracted using the foreign food facility_code. As a result, it consisted of a total of 1,689 data and 103 variables. For 103 variables, variables that were '0' were removed based on the Theil-U index, and after reducing by applying Multiple Correspondence Analysis, 49 characteristic variables were finally derived. We build eight different models and perform hyperparameter tuning through 5-fold cross validation. Then, the performance of the generated models are evaluated. The research purpose of selecting companies subject to on-site inspection is to maximize the recall, which is the probability of judging nonconforming companies as nonconforming. As a result of applying various algorithms of machine learning, the Random Forest model with the highest Recall_macro, AUROC, Average PR, F1-score, and Balanced Accuracy was evaluated as the best model. Finally, we apply Kernal SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to present the selection reason for nonconforming facilities of individual instances, and discuss applicability to the on-site inspection facility selection system. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that it will contribute to the efficient operation of limited resources such as manpower and budget by establishing an imported food management system through a data-based scientific risk management model.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.253-264
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the occurrence of viral diseases in the early growth stage of soybean to establish management practices. We collected 83 soybean samples showing abnormal symptoms, approximately 3-4 weeks after seeding in the breeding field of the National Institute of Crop Science. Viruses were detected in the collected samples using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and metatranscriptome analysis of all those samples. The incidence of viral diseases in the field was less than 1% overall and up to 50% in certain cultivars and lines. RT-PCR and metatranscriptome analysis detected Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Soybean yellow common mosaic virus, Peanut stunt virus, and soybean geminivirus A (SGVA). Among these detected viruses, SYMMV and SMV were identified as major viruses causing infection in the early growth stage of soybean, with detection rates of 53.7% and 42.6%, respectively. Soybeans infected with SYMMV showed typical mosaic symptoms, whereas those infected with SMV showed a variety of symptoms such as mosaic, mottle, stunt, and chlorotic spots. Transmission characteristics of these viruses are variable, such that SMV is primarily transmitted by seeds, whereas SYMMV could be transmitted by insects, soil, and seeds. In this study, SGVA was detected in the early growth stage of soybean, and research on the current status and its effects on soybean after the early growth stage should be conducted.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2008

BPES (Blepharophimosis/Ptosis/Epicanthus inversus Syndrome) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in FOXL2. Affected individuals have premature ovarian failure (POF) in addition to small palpebral fissures, drooping eyelids, and broad nasal bridge. FOXL2 is a member of the forkhead family transcription factors. In FOXL2-deficient ovaries, granulosa cell differentiation dose not progress, leading to arrest of folliculogenesis and oocytes atresia. Using yeast two-hybrid screening of rat ovarian cDNA library with FOXL2 as bait, we found that small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-conjugating E2 enzyme UBE2I protein interacted with FOXL2 protein. UBE2I also known as UBC9 is an essential protein for processing SUMO modification. Sumoylation is a form of post-translational modification involved in diverse signaling pathways including the regulation of transcriptional activities of many transcriptional factors. In the present study, we confirmed the protein-protein interaction between FOXL2 and UBE2I in human cells, 293T, by in vivo immunoprecipitation. In addition, we generated truncated FOXL2 mutants and identified the region of FOXL2 required for its association with UBE2I using yeast-two hybrid system. Therefore, the identification of UBE2I as an interacting protein of FOXL2 further suggests a presence of novel regulatory mechanism of FOXL2 by sumoylation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1992

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information on salt-tolerance of rice cultivars in relations with growth retardation and cation content. As the salt-level increased, less retardation in plant height and dry weight were shown in salt-tolerant than salt-susceptible rice cultivars. Salt tolerant cultivars showed lower N $a^{+}$ and higher $K^{+}$ content and lower N $a^{+}$ / $K^{+}$ ratio at each salt-levels than salt-susceptible ones, while there were no significant differences in $Ca^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ content. At the tillering stage, the plant height and dry weight of the salt-treated plots were significantly correlated with N $a^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ content and N $a^{+}$ / $K^{+}$ ratio, implying that N $a^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ content could be an indicator of salt-tolerance of a rice cultivar. There were no tiller-depending differences in cation content in all cultivars. N $a^{+}$ content and N $a^{+}$ / $K^{+}$ ratio in leaves were lower at the top and higher at the bottom. In three $F_1$ hybrids between salt tolerant parent Pokkali and three salt susceptible parents, plant height, dry weight, $K^{+}$ content and N $a^{+}$ / $K^{+}$ ratio were similar to those of Pokkali parent, while N $a^{+}$ content was intermediate of the parents. So, it seemed that salt tolerance is dominant over salt susceptibility. In $F_2$ of Pokkali/wx817 cross, genetic segregation of plant height, dry weight, $K^{+}$ content and N $a^{+}$ / $K^{+}$ ratio varied continuously and was biased onto Pokkali side, while that of N $a^{+}$ content showed normal distribution with intermediate mode. Broad-sense heritability of the characters ranged from 0. 604 to 0. 811. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients among them were relatively high.fficients among them were relatively high.h.h.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.489-496
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• 1997

This study was carried out to develop and investigate integrated mechanization system on polyethylene(P.E.) film mulching culture in sesame. Field trials were carried out to develop optimum mechanics for each step of manual operation in sesame culture and demonstrated those developed mechanics of sesame dibbling vinyl mulcher, sesame binder, sesame thresher and sesame grader at the farmer, s field of Hwasong (Kyunggi-do) in 1994 and 1995. Newly developed sesame dibbling vinyl mulcher brought saving manpower 280 hrs /ha for sowing and P.E. film mulching with it's 98％ of labour saving for the harvesting operation of sesame. Sesame Binder showed 93％ labour saving for cutting and binding with only 22 hrs /ha compared to 330 hrs /ha that of conventional. Sesame thresher was appeared to have 85％ effects of labour saving for threshing with completely dry sesame bundles at one time by 23 hrs /ha compared to 151 hrs /ha that of conventional. Sesame grader was appeared to have 72％ effects for sesame grain grading with 12 hrs /ha compared to that of conventional 54 hrs /ha. Grain yield of integrated mechanization culture system showed 6％ higher than that of coventional. Integrated mechanization culture system (sesame dibbling vinyl mulcher ＋ sesame binder ＋ sesame thresher ＋ sasame grader) showed 62％ of labour saving effects through whole steps of sesame culture by 472 hrs /ha compared to that of conventional 1, 230 hrs /ha.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.249-257
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• 2022

This study was conducted to comparison analysis growth characteristics, yield and forage quality of 18silage corn varieties grown in paddy and upland fields. In this condition, days to silking of Sinhwangok was the shortest with 78 days and Kangdaok the longest with 92 days. Moreover it was confirmed that the difference of days to silking at this condition greatly occurred in the late species than in the precocious species. The height and ear height ratio of corn grown in paddy decreased by 5~10% and increase by 10~15% compared to upland, respectively. It was confirmed that the ear ratio of corn which enhances the forage quality was highest in Sinhwangok at paddy and upland and most of the varieties decreased by 10~30% at paddy rather than upland. The length of ear was also reduced by 10~25%. In fresh yield, Dacheongok showed the highest yield at 65,750 kg/ha in upland and 38,830 kg/ha in paddy. Similar to the fresh yield, dry and TDN yield in Dacheongok also showed the highest yield at 36,910 kg/ha, 18,040 kg/ha in upland and 21,670 kg/ha, 14,390 kg/ha in paddy, respectively. As a result of analyzing crude protein and starch from seeds to evaluate the feed value of corn for silage, there was no difference between cultivars grown in this condition. In addition, as a result of analyzing the contents of ADF and NDF using leaves, stems and seeds, the contents of leaves and stems were lower in P3394 and P1543 at the upland and lower in Singwangok and Daanok when cultivated at paddy. Moreover ADF and NDF contents were decreased in some varieties in paddy rather than upland. Therefore, there is no significant difference in the feed value of corn varieties grown in this condition, it is possible to cultivate corn in paddy if normal growth is achieved through drainage management.