• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.199-200
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• 1998

The mucociliary system is one of the most important airway defense mechanisms, and knowledge of the ciliary beat frequency(CBF) is important in the understanding of this system. Using a laser light scattering method and fiber optic probe, we developed a simple and practical instrument for real-time in vivo measurements of CBF of cells in human nasal cavity. From the ciliated epithelium cells in an anterior end of middle terminator in nasal cavity, the signals of ciliary movement are transferred into a PC and analyzed by a autoregressive(AR) power spectrum. The mean CBF of 8 normal subjects was $7.1{\pm}1.1$(Hz). This instrument provided a convenient and reliable method of studying the mucociliary activity in the respiratory tract.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.163-165
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• 2000

We investigated visible light radiated from Plasma Focus device by time-integrated analyzed method. Plasma focus is a device that translated from electric energy into visible light by electric discharge. Spectral analysis is using Monochromator(focal length = 0.5 m). Time-integrated spectrum is analyzed with densitometer the film which developed a constant range of wavelength. The condition of visible emission was that the discharging voltage was 13 kV and the working gas were Argon and Helium.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was aimed to understand and describe the Korean critical care advanced practice nurses' work experience. Methods: Data was collected through 2 focus group interviews that were held in two different university hospitals in Seoul, Korea. All interviews were recorded and transcribed, and data were analysed using modified qualitative content analysis. Results: Ten themes were drawn from data analysis. They are "Various and complex tasks", "Excellency of advanced nursing practice", "Pressure and responsibility accompanied with pride", "Role identity confusion", "Role conflict", "Leaping and evolving role", "Gap between role and outcome evaluation", "Underestimated outcomes", "Where are my outcomes?" "Searching for outcomes: publicize the role". Conclusion: The results of this study help to understand the role of Korean critical care advanced practice nurses and to guide to outcome evaluation of their role effectiveness. Developing qualitative outcome indicators, cost-effectiveness ananlysis of Korean critical care advanced practice nurses' role, and accumulation of evidences through researches on outcome evaluation will be needed to successfully settle down advanced practice nursing in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2009

Ganoderma applanatum is one of the most popular medicinal mushrooms due to the various biologically active components it produces. This study was conducted to obtain basic information regarding the mycelial culture conditions of Ganoderma applanatum. Based on the colony diameter and mycelial density, PDA, YMA and MCM media were suitable for the mycelial growth of the mushroom. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was found to be $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were mannose and dextrin, respectively, and the optimum C/N ratio was 2 to 10 when 2% glucose was used. Other minor components required for the optimal growth included thiamine-HCl and biotin as vitamins, succinic acid and lactic acid as organic acids, and $MgSO_4$ $7H_2C$, $KH_2PO_4$ and NaCl as mineral salts.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.279-282
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• 2004

An antioxidant was isolated from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) by consecutive purification using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-HPLC. The active principle was identified as homo-flavoyadorinin-B (3',7-dimethoxyluteolin-4'-O-[apiosyl $(1{\rightarrow}2)$ glucoside]) by spectral analyses. It inhibited 74.6% of hydroxyl radical and 30.6% of superoxide anion radical at 0.01 mM; however, th~compound did not show any scavenging activity against hydrogen peroxide radical. At 0.1 mM, above compound scavenged superoxide anion radical about twice as effective as positive controls, BHT and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. Radical scavenging activities of homo-flavoyadorinin-B on DPPH, hydroxyl, and hydrogen peroxide radicals were almost same with those of positive controls.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.375-387
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• 1998

In clinical trials of nursing research, the sample size determination is one of the most important factor. Although sample size must be considered at the design stage, it has been disregarded in most clinical trials. The power analysis is usually performed before study begins to compute sample size and the power can also be calculated at the end of study in order to justify study result. The power analysis is essential especially when the clinical trials can not show significant differences. In this paper, we review the statistical methods for power analysis and sample size formulae in nursing research. Sample size formulae and the corresponding examples are discussed according to the six types of studies ; mean for one sample, proportion for one sample, means in two samples, proportions in two samples, correlation coefficient and ANOVA.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.83-113
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• 2014

This study aims to examine the change of strategy use by analyzing the refusal sequence of beginner Japanese Korean learners by time difference of 10 weeks. The results of the study are as follows; First, in the solidarity system of politeness(power-, distance-), learners showed similar ability as native Koreans after 10 weeks. Second, in the deference system(power-, distance+), there was a difference according to the situational burden when using strategies. In the invitational setting, the learners sought justification for their refusal or tried to negotiate by explaining in detail as time passed. However, in the request setting, they showed no will to compromise by refusing directly and leading the listener to give up. Third, similar difference was found in the use of strategies depending on the situational burden in the hierarchical system(power+, distance+). While learners could present their justification for refusal by showing their interest in the invitation as time passed in the invitation setting, they expressed straight refusal and were not willing to negotiate in the request setting.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.197-225
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare the difference in the interactions between beginning language learners and heritage learners on their forms based on the interaction hypothesis. In this study, three types of information gap activities were used to analyze Language Related Episodes (LREs) while investigating the interaction patterns in language use between four pairs (eight learners) of foreign learners and four pairs (eight learners) of English-speaking heritage learners. The result indicated that foreign learners had a high focus on form during interaction. In particular, they had a tendency to focus on vocabulary rather than grammar, and they conducted self-repair by examining and mostly adjusting their speech to postposition and tense. However, in the problem-solving process, they showed a limited ability in interaction, and thus directly asked others to settle the problem or resorted to using English due to their lack of ability to employ various communication strategies. However, heritage learners had a relatively low focus on form compared to foreign learners. Yet, they also focused more on vocabulary rather than grammar and conducted self-repair in interaction, especially for vocabulary. In addition, they were skillful at using various communication strategies such as indirect expressions, use of alternative words, evasion, and delaying, to expand speech and prevent communication breakdown. They focused less on grammar and mostly did not provide negative feedback in interaction.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.224-228
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to identify the nursing students' self-esteem and social anxiety to provide the data for their interpersonal relations. Method: The subjects of study were the 433 nursing students of the junior colleges around a city and a province, Korea. The data were collected from Dec. 7 to Jun. 9, 2006. The instrument for the study was questionnaire consisted on the general characteristics, Interaction Anxiousness Scale by Leary, and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale by Rosenberg. Result: The results of this research were as follows : The mean scores of self-esteem and social anxiety were respectively 28.65 and 38.38. The correlation between self-esteem and social anxiety was shown the significantly negative correlation(r=-.286, p=.000). According to the general characteristics, there were shown the significant differences in grades and ages in self-esteem. There were shown the significant differences in grades, types of next stage of education, and religions in social anxiety. Conclusion: The results of this study could be attributed to improve the interrelationship of nursing students because self-esteem and social anxiety are essential in building and maintaining the desirable personal relations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.556-574
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• 2007

`Kyukonyoram Dyusikbang` is an old cooking book hand-written in Korean by unknown writer, housed in Shinam-mungo of the Korea university. This book introduces Tojungbigyul and Dyusikbang(the part about food), and explains in detail how to handle emergency cases at home, take care of women who deliver a baby and give it name and so on. It can be summarized as follows. (1) 29 'Koi's seem to keep unexpected accidents and encourage people to enjoy stable life at home. (2) In this book are not only 27 ways of how to make liquors but also ways of how to cook dishes using 12 kinds of food with cold water and one kind of rice cakes. (3) It says good yeast is critical for good quality liquors and also emphasizes the. taste of good 'Jang' to enhance the taste of other food and the importance of having basic food materials and spices at home. (4) It describes in detail the day of good or ill luck while mentioning how to name a baby. It can be seen that there were somethings that were considered especially important such as the process of making Jang, the day of placing the rooftop, or the good or ill luck of people.