• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.585-592
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutrient level (metabolizable energy and crude protein, 2,843kcal/kg and 19.46% at 2 to 3 week, 3,072kcal/kg and 18.38% at 4 to 6 week, 3,109 kcal/kg and 17.26% at 7 to 8week, respectively, and feeding form was ground $\longrightarrow$ crumble $\longrightarrow$ pellet in control, ground $\longrightarrow$ crumble $\longrightarrow$ pellet in treatment 1, crumble $\longrightarrow$ crumble $\longrightarrow$ pellet in treatment 2, pellet $\longrightarrow$ pellet $\longrightarrow$ pellet in treatment 3 for broiler during 8 weeks. Also the effects of supplemented with charcoal(1%) in total mixed treatment feed was investigated. The crude protein, crude fat in broiler meat ranged from 22.22${\sim}$23.40%, and 0.30${\sim}$0.45%, respectively. Especially, treatment 2 was lower than other treatment (P<0.05). The heating loss tend to be increased at control. Shear force and pH tend to be decreased at T3(1.21kg, 5.89). Control and T2 were significantly lighter in color (‘L’) than the T1 and the ‘a’ ranged from 0.19${\sim}$0.85 and T1 was the lowest ‘b’ among other treatment. The panel test, texture, Aroma were not significantly among the an experimental group (P<0.05). Myristic acid and arachidonic acid of T1 was significantly higher than that other treatment and oleic acid, U/S(unsaturated/ saturated) rate T2 was significantly higher than other experimental group(P<0.05). Among amino acid, cystine, glutamic acid, valine, iso-leucine, leucine, lysine, arginine in T1 and T2 was higher than control and T3.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2007

This study was conducted to induce molting with DDGS and non-salt diet and compare the effect of feeding molting and fasting molting on the performance, egg quality, and visceral organs in laying hens for animal welfare. One-hundredeight 62-wk-old White Leghorn hens that egg production was over 80% and average weight was $1.8{\pm}0.1kg$ were used in this study. Treatments were control(non-molt treatment), feeding molt treatment(DDGS, non-salt diet), and fasting molt treatment. The four treatments were administered to three replicate group of nine hens wherein each group. All treatment groups were fed the basal diet(CP 15%, ME 2,700 kal/kg) for two weeks as the adaptation period. Test Periods were 28 days at all treatments. Egg production decreased for 18 days to be 0% at feeding molting treatment, and for 17 days to be 0% at non-salt feeding molting treatment. Egg production stopped for 6 days at fasting molting treatment. Egg production restarted after 12 days molt at feeding molting treatment, while after 16 days at fasting molting treatment. On the egg quality was improved at molting treatments (p<0.05) except egg yolk. Egg shell tissue was crowded at molting treatment to compare to control. Liver weights, heart weight, and oviduct weight of laying hens decreased at molting treatments(p<0.05). Finally, feeding molting might could be replaced fasting molting on the welfare and further studies were needed about molting program.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to determine energy requirements for maintenance of Hanwoo steers. Nine Hanwoo steers weighing 376.6$\pm$12.5kg were used in this experiment and fed rice straw(44%) and concentrate (56%) at three different energy levels; 0.8 times maintenance(0.8M), 1.2 times(1.2M) and 1.6 times(1.6M), respectively. Dry matter intake was 48.5, 65.9 and 86.5g/$BW^{0.75}$ for 0.8M, 1.2M and 1.6M, respectively. Increase in energy intake with the increased DM intake did not affect digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and nitrogen-free extract. Gross energy intake averaged 190.8, 255.8 and 340.9kcal/BW0.75 for 0.8M, 1.2M and 1.6M, respectively. Energy loss was 41% feces and 0.6${\sim}$1.5% urine of gross energy intake. Further, energy loss from methane produced during rumen fermentation was 5${\sim}$9%, while body heat loss averaged 40${\sim}$60%. Intercept of the regression equation between ME intake and retained energy indicated that energy requirement for maintenance was 124.3kcal $ME/BW^{0.75}$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.3841-3848
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• 2022

The effect of modifiers on the optical features and radiation defying ability of the Eu³⁺ ions doped multi constituent glasses was examined. XRD has established the amorphous nature of the specimen. The presence of various functional/fundamental groups in the present glasses was analyzed through FTIR spectra. The physical, structural and elastic traits of the glasses were explored. The variation in the structural compactness of the glass structure according to the incorporated modifier was enlightened to describe their suitability for a better shielding media. For the examined glasses, the metallization criterion value varied in the range 0.613-0.692, indicating the non-metallic character of the glasses with possible nonlinear optical applications. The computed elastic moduli expose the Li-containing glass (BTLi:Eu) to be tightly packed and rigid, which is a requirement for a better shielding channel. Furthermore, the optical bandgap and the Urbach energy values are calculated based on the optical absorption spectra. The evaluated bonding parameters revealed the nature of the fabricated glasses covalent. In addition, we investigated the radiation attenuation attributes of the prepared Eu³⁺ ions doped multi constituent glasses using Phy-X software. We determined the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and reported the influence of the five oxides Li₂O₃, CaO, BaO, SrO, and ZnO on the LAC values. The LAC varied between 0.433 and 0.549 cm^-1 at 0.284 MeV. The 39B₂O₃-25TeO₂-15Li₂O₃-10Na₂O-10K₂O-1Eu₂O₃ glass has a much smaller LAC than the other glasses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1440-1444
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• 2000

Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of dietary vitamin and trace mineral (VTM) premixes on growth and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. A total of 112 pigs ($24.82{\pm}3.22kg$) were employed for 49 days (exp. 1), and 168 pigs ($21.64{\pm}1.41kg$) for 40 days (exp. 2) in completely randomized block designs. Treatments were: 1) 100%, 2) 150%, 3) 200% and 4) 250% NRC (1998) requirement of VTM in exp. 1, and the ratio of vitamins to trace minerals at 1) 100:100%, 2) 100:150%, 3) 150:100% and 4) 150:150% of NRC (1998) requirement in exp. 2. Basal diets for feeding trials were formulated to contain 3,310 kcal ME/kg and 18% crude protein, and contained 0.25% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker for digestibility trials. Increasing dietary VTM premix in growing pigs had linear and quadratic effects (p<0.05) on ADG, and feed conversion ratio was also improved (p<0.05) as VTM premix was increased by 150-250% of NRC (1998) requirements in exp. 1. Adding vitamin to trace mineral premixes at 150% NRC (1998) over the control improved (p<0.05) ADG and feed efficiency in growing pigs, but performances were not improved by vitamin nor by trace mineral premixes alone (p>0.15) (exp. 2). There were no differences (p>0.05) in the digestibilities of energy, crude protein and fat among dietary treatments. However, increasing dietary VTM premix in growing pigs had a linear effect (p<0.05) on the digestibilities of calcium and phosphorus. The 200 or 250% fed group showed improved (p<0.05) calcium digestibility, and 250% fed group also showed improved (p<0.05) phosphorus digestibility as compared to 100% or 150% fed group (exp. 1). The digestibilities of Ca and P were higher (p<0.05) in 150% addition of vitamins than in 150% addition of trace minerals in the diet (exp. 2).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.702-707
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• 1998

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a microbial enzyme (Roxazyme-$G^{(R)}$), a multicarbohydrases preparation, supplementation to the wheat-based layer diets. Diets were formulated to include different levels of wheat replacing yellow corn on isocaloric and isonitrogenous basis. The energy value of wheat in the enzyme supplemented diets was adjusted (spec-modified) to have 5% more ME than the wheat in diets without enzyme. A total of 864 Hy-$Line^{(R)}$ brown layers were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: 10% wheat (T1), 25% wheat (T2), 25% wheat (spec-modified)+ 0.01 % Roxazyme-$G^{(R)}$ (T3), and all wheat (spec-modified)+0.01% Roxazyme-$G^{(R)}$ (T4). Hen-day egg productions of T1 and T4 were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of T2 but not different from T3. Hen-housed egg production of T4 was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than those of T1 and T3 but not different from T2. Egg weights of T1 and T2 were significantly (p < 0.0 1) greater than that of T4. Feed consumption of T2 was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than other treatments. Feed conversion ratio (feed/egg mass) was not significantly different among treatments. Eggshell thickness of T1 was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than other treatments but ratio of broken eggs was not significantly different among treatments. Haugh unit of T4 was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that of T2. Egg yolk color was significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by treatments in which enzyme treatment potentiated the yolk pigmentation. It was concluded that a multi-carbohydrases supplementation enables complete replacement of yellow com with wheat without loss of productivity and major egg quality parameters.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.2842-2849
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• 2024

The amorphous glasses containing PbO, ZnO, MgO, and B₂O₃ have been fabricated using the melt quenching technique. The structural properties have been analysed using the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Derivative of Absorption Spectra Fitting (DASF) method have been used to estimate the band gap energy from the UV-Vis absorption data which decreases from 3.02 eV to 2.66 eV with increasing the concentration of the PbO.The four glass samples 0.284 and 0.826 MeV showed unique variations in terms of gamma attenuation ability. LZMB4 glass sample proved to be the mist effective in terms of shielding of gamma radiation as it requires little distance compared to LZMB3, LZMB2 and LZMB1 to attenuate. RPE revealed a raise with increase in the thickness of the material and reduces as the energy raises. TF is superior in LZMB1 compared to LZMB2, LZMB3 and LZMB4, confirming that, LZMB4 will attenuate better. The Z_Eff of the materials was seen falling as the energy increases, confirming that the linear attenuation coefficient of the glass materials decreases when the energy is increased. The results confirmed that, glass material LZMB4 is the best option especially for gamma radiation shielding applications compared to LZMB3, followed by LZMB2, then LZMB1.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2003

Objectives : To compare the quality improvement of the abstracts of original articles, according to the revised manuscript format, of the Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine (Korean J Pre Med) was adopted in 1999. Methods : A total 63 abstracts for 1997, and 49 for 2001, were selected as the original articles from the Kor J Pre Med. This study was carried out by the separate-sample pretest-posttest design. The quality of the abstracts was measured by a checklist of Narine' evaluation criteria, and the other information related to the articles were also surveyed by e-mail and fax or telephone using a self-made Questionnaire, From the response rate, a total of 62 abstracts for 1997 and 49 for 2901 were finally analyzed. Results : The mean number of words in an abstract decreased from 285 in 1997, to 250 by 2001. The mean number of key words per abstract decreased from 3.9 in 1997, to 3.6 by 2001. The mean number of inappropriate usage of key words per abstract, by the MeSH standard, decreased from 1.9 in 1997, to 0.4 by 2001 Also, the overall mean score of abstract quality increased from 0.54 in 1997 to 0.61 by 2001. The range of scores for the abstract quality was better in 2001 ($0.40{\sim}0.77$) than in 1997 ($0.20{\sim}0.81$). From the multiple regression analyses of the 1997 and 2001 databases, the intervention of the manuscript format's revision, and the number of English words to the quality score of the .abstract, were the only statistically significant factors, Conclusions : In conclusion, the quality of abstracts in the Kor J Pre Med has improved since the revised manuscript format was adopted in 1999. The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine will continuously recommend proposals for more informative abstracts in their journal, and will evaluate the abstracts' content with quality criteria. Future studies should address these issues, and compare the quality of abstracts between different international and domestic journals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 1992

The effects of dietary levels of lysine and energy on growth performance, the content of DNA, RNA and protein in liver, thigh muscle composition and nutrient utilization in broiler chicks were investigated in an experiment involvies with 2 levels of dietary energy : 3,200 (2900) 2,900 (2700) kcal ME/kg) and 6 levels of lysine : 0.6(0.5), 0.8(0.7), 1.0(0.9), 1.2(1.1), 1.4(1.3), and 1.6(1.5)% was carried out. A total number of 384 male broiler chicks was used for a period of 7 weeks. Body weight gain of 1.0(0.9)% lysine level group was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that of any other groups. Interaction between lysine and energy in the feed intake was observed (p < 0.05). Present data indicate that the content of DNA in liver tissues was significantly (p < 0.05) different by the levels of lysine, namely, 1.0(0.9)% or 1.2(1.1)% lysine level groups showed higher content than other groups (p < 0.01). Dietary levels of 1.2(1.1)% or 1.6(1.5)% lysine groups showed the highest protein content in thigh muscle tissues than that of any other groups (p < 0.05). Interaction between energy and lysine in the content of protein of thigh muscle tissues was shown (p < 0.01). The level of 0.6% lysine group showed the highest fat content in thigh muscle tissues than any other groups. Interaction between lysine and energy in the content of crude ash and crude fat of thigh muscle tissues was observed (p < 0.01). Apparent amino acid availability of arginine, glycine and threonine (p < 0.01), phenylalanine (p < 0.05) were significantly affected by the levels of lysine and interaction between lysine and energy was found only in arginine (p < 0.01).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.2585-2593
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• 2020

Swift heavy ion (SHI) beam irradiation can generate desirable defects in materials by transferring sufficient energy to the lattice that favours huge possibilities in tailoring of materials. The effect of Ag¹⁵⁺ ion irradiation with energy 200 MeV on spray deposited V₂O₅ thin films of thickness 253 nm is studied at various ion doses from 5 × 10¹¹ to 1 × 10¹³ ions/㎠. The XRD results of pristine film confirmed orthorhombic structure of V₂O₅ and its average crystallite size was found to be 20 nm. The peak at 394 cm^-1 in Raman spectra confirmed O-V-O bonding of V₂O₅, whereas 917 cm^-1 arise because of distortion in stoichiometry by a loss of oxygen atoms. Raman peaks vanished completely above the ion fluence of 5 × 10¹² ions/㎠. Optical studies by UV-Vis spectroscopy shows decrement in transmittance with an increase in ion fluence up to 5 × 10¹² ions/㎠. The red shift is observed both in the direct and indirect band gaps until 5 × 10¹² ions/㎠. The surface topography of the pristine film revealed sheath like structure with randomly distributed spherical nano-particles. The roughness of film decreased and the density of spherical nanoparticles increased upon irradiation. Irradiation improved the conductivity significantly for fluence 5 × 10¹¹ ions/㎠ due to band gap reduction and grain growth.