• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.380-388
• /
• 2017

Factors affecting spatial distribution of halophytes were analyzed in June 2012 at the Goraebul coastal dunes. In the Goraebul sand dune, distribution of halophytes was divided into three groups. The first group belonging to Elymus mollis, Carex kobomugi, Calystegia soldanella, Ixeris repens and Glehnia littoralis was distributed in the ridge of primary sand dune and dune slack. The second group belonging to Lathyrus japonicus and Zoysia macrostachya was distributed in the dune slack. The third group belonging to Pinus thunbergii, Vitex rotundifolia and Linaria japonicus was distributed in the pine forest of the secondary sand dune. E. mollis, C. kobomugi, C. soldanella, I. repens and G. littoralis was distributed in relatively unstable habitat of sand dunes due to the large amount of sand movement. V. rotundifolia was distributed in a relatively stable habitat. Factors that have the greatest influence on distribution of halophytes in the Goraebul sand dunes are distance from the seashore, topography, and the pine forest. The Goraebul sand dune is a relatively well-preserved area with minimal human intervention. Therefore, different distribution of physico-chemical factors by natural processes is essential to spatial distribution of halophytes than other sand dunes in Korea. Significant natural processes in the Goraebul sand dunes were advance and retreat of coastlines from waves, erosion and sedimentation of sand due to wind and waves, and dispersal of seawater.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.499-505
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate and evaluate the vegetations in the coastal dunes in the vicinity of swimming beaches on the East Sea, South Korea, and the vegetations that were investigated are as follows: Carex pumila community, Cynodon dactylon community, Zoysia macrostachya community, Rosa rugosa community, Vitex rotundifolia community and Carex kobomugi typical community. Some of these vegetations, such as Carex kobomugi, Calystegia soldanella, Ixeris repens, Elymus mollis, Lathyrus japonica, and Glehnia littoralis were found to be differential species which belongs to Caricion kobomugi of Glehnietea littoralis. It was also discovered that Vitex rotundifolia community was the most heterogeneous among vegetation communities of the coastal dunes surrounding swimming beaches, and Zoysia macrostachya community was most closely linked to the typical coastal dune vegetation community. Finally, Rosa rugosa community and Vitex rotundifolia community seemed to have formed near the hinterland of coastal dunes and swimming beaches respectively because of certain unnatural disturbances such as construction of buildings and facilities or natural disasters.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.17-29
• /
• 2016

We conducted the study on the relationship between the distribution of coastal sand dune plants and edaphic factors from the shoreline to inland in sand dune ecosystem. The application of TWINSPAN classification based on 10 species, led to the recognition of three vegetative groups (A-C), which associated with their habitats (foredune, hummuck in semistable zone and stable zone). The associations were separated along soil gradient far from the seashore. The relationships between species composition and environmental gradients were explained by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Distance from the shoreline was an important indicator to determine soil properties (pH, total ion contents, sand particle sizes, organic matters and nitrogen contents) from the seaward area to inland area and distribution pattern of coastal sand dune plants. Group A is foredune zone, characterized by Calystegia soldanella; group included typical foredune species such as Elymus mollis, Carex kobomugi, Ixeris repens, C. soldanella and Glehnia littoralis. Group B on semi-stabilized zone was characterized by Vitex rotundifolia, a perennial woody shrub. This group was associated the proportion of fine sand size (100 to 250 μm). The results on the proportion of soil particle size showed a transition in sand composition, particularly with respect to the proportion of fine sand size that occurred from the foredune ridge at 32.5 m to the Vitex rotundifolia community at 57.5 m from the shoreline. Group C on stabilized zone was characterized by Zoysia macrostachya, Lathyrus japonicus and Cynodon dactylon and were associated soil organic matter and nitrogen contents. The spatial distribution of plants in the Goraebul coastal sand dune system may result from the interactions between the plant species and environmental heterogeneity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.154-165
• /
• 2020

Coastal regions are experiencing habitat changes due to coastal development and global warming. To estimate the future distribution of coastal plants on the Korean Peninsula due to climate change, the potential distribution of ten species of coastal plants was analyzed using the MaxEnt program. The study covered the eastern, western, and southern coastal areas of the Korean Peninsula. We used the distributional data of coastal plants of the East Asian region and the 19 climate variables of WorldClim 2.0. The future potential distribution was estimated using future climate variables projected from three general circulation models (CCSM4, MIROC-ESM, and MPI-ESM-LR), four representative concentration pathways (2.5, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), and two time periods (2050 and 2070). The annual mean temperature influenced the estimation of the potential distribution the most. Under predicted future distribution scenarios, Lathyrus japonicus, Glehnia littoralis, Calystegia soldanella, Vitex rotundifolia, Scutellaria strigillosa, Linaria japonica, and Ixeris repens are expected to show contracted distributions, whereas the distribution of Cnidium japonicum is expected to expand. Two species, Salsola komarovii and Carex kobomugi, are predicted to show similar distributions in the future compared to those in the present. The average potential distribution in the future suggests that the effects of climate change will be greater in the west and the south coastal regions than in the east coastal region. These results will be useful baseline data to establish a conservation strategy for coastal plants.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and habitat feature of Glehnia littoralis as a part of establishment of conservation plan for important natural agro-plant resources in South Korea. Habitat of Glehnia littoralis was generally found 28.2 m from high tide water line and 2.7 m above sea level at sand dunes near three seashore areas. Density and coverage of Glehnia littoralis were higher in east seashore among three seashore areas. The number of plant species growing with Glehnia littoralis in natural habitat was found 35 species. Among 35 species Ixeris repens Carex pumila, Carex kobomugi, Elymus mollis, Ischaemum anthephoroides, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii were shown higher density and coverage. Average yearly precipitation and temperature of habitat for Glehnia littoralis were 1250.3 mm and $12.5^{\circ}C$, respectively. Among three seashores, the precipitation and temperature of south seashore were much more and higher than those of other two seashores. Soil characteristics of habitat for Glehnia littoralis were that average pH was 7.9 and organic matter was 0.23%. Content $P_2O_5$ and Ca were relatively higher, but the level K and Na were very low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate soil properties, ordination, and vegetation of the coastal sand dune in Sinduri, Taean-Gun. 1. The Orobanche coerulescens and Ixeris repens that are a peculiar species were found in Sinduri coastal sand dune and the Salix purpurea var. japonica that is an endemic species of korea was found in that place. The plant communities was categorized into seven groups, such as Rosa rugosa community, Vitex rotundifolia communit, Carex kobomugi community, Imperata cylndrica var. koenigii community, Carex pumila community, Artemisia capillaris community, and Calamagrostis epigeios community. 2. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous concentrations, and cation exchange capacity were lower in the study sites than in forest soil of seashore. There was little difference in soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K concentrations between in the study site and in the forest soil of seashore. The soil pH was ranged from 5.69 to 7.63. The soil texture in the study site was sand or loamy sand. 3. The results of the correlation between Sinduri coastal sand dune community and environmental factor are as follows; the soil pH was the most effect to the community distribution, and CEC, total nitrogen, soil organic matter, and the amount of silt in soil have some correlation with community distribution. 4. The results of the correlation between Sinduri coastal sand dune community and soil characteristics are as follows; the Calamagrostis epigeios community was found in area that have high soil moisture content; the Rosa rugosa community was found in area that have high soil CEC, organic matter concentration, and total nitrogen concentration, and low soil pH; the Vitex rotundifolia community, Carex kobomugi community, and Artemisia capillaris community were found in area that have low soil CEC, organic matter concentration, and total nitrogen concentration, and high soil pH; the Imperata cylndrica var. koenigii community and Carex pumila community were found in area that have medium soil CEC, organic matter concentration, total nitrogen concentration, and soil pH.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 1982

This study was conducted to evaluate the important weed occurring in orchard and to establish on effective control method using combination of non-selective foliar applied herbicide followed by soil treated herbicide. In terms of quantity, Calysregia hederacea, Artemisia princeps, Ixeris chinensis, Cephalonopios segetum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Setaria viridis, Chenopodium album, Trifolium repens, Digitarta sanguinalis in order were observed to be the most important weeds in May, In July the most dominant weeds were D. sanguinalis, Setaria viridis, Amaranthus lividus, Portulaca oleracea, Polygonum hydropiper, Acalypha australis, Artemlsia prtnceps, Miscanthus sinensis in order, showing D. sanguinalis to be the dominant species. D. sanguinalis was one single dominant species till autumn, followed by A. lividus, P. oleracea, A. australis. Simpson's index, 0.159 obtained in May just before herbicide application increased to 0.253 in July and again decreased to 0.233 in Sept. in the oxyfluorfen treated plot, meaning that no specific weed species were dominant, while in the untreated plot, D. saguinalis was relatively single dominant species, showing Simpson's index, 0.540 and this trend was mainained till autumn. The most effective herbicide to control D. sanguinalis and other annuals was oxyfluorfen at 0.47kg a.i./ha. when applied at preemergence treatment, showing more than 80% control of them for 65 days. The results suggest that paraquat at 32/ha (prod.) as the foliar application followed by oxyfluorfen 0.47kg a.i./ha applied as the preemergence at one week after paraquat treatment can maintain the clean orchard more than 65 days, showing one of the promising and applicable control system in orchard.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.135-153
• /
• 2021

The demilitarized zone (DMZ) is a border barrier with 248 kilometers in length and about 4 kilometers in width crossing east to west to divide the Korean Peninsula about in half. The boundary at 2 kilometers to the south is called the southern limit line. The DMZ has formed a unique ecosystem through a natural ecological succession after the Armistice Agreement and has high conservation value. However, the use of facilities for the military operation and the unchecked weeding often damage the areas in the vicinities of the southern limit line's iron-railing. This study aimed to prepare basic data for the restoration of damaged barren vegetation. As a result of classifying vegetation communities based on indicator species, 10 communities were identified as follows: Duchesnea indica Community, Hosta longipes Community, Sedum kamtschaticum-Sedum sarmentosum Community, Potentilla anemonefolia Community, Potentilla fragarioides var. major Community, Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Community, Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum-Carex lanceolata Community, Dendranthema zawadskii Community, Plantago asiatica-Trifolium repens Community, and Ixeris stolonifera-Kummerowia striata Community. Highly adaptable species can characterize vegetation in barren areas to environment disturbances because artificial disturbances such as soil erosion, soil compaction, topography change, and forest fires caused by military activities frequently occur in the barren areas within the southern limit line. Most of the dominant species in the communities are composed of plants that are commonly found in the roads, roadsides, bare soil, damaged areas, and grasslands throughout South Korea. Currently, the vegetation in barren areas in the vicinities of the DMZ is in the early ecological succession form that develops from bare soil to herbaceous vegetation. Since dominant species distributed in barren land can grow naturally without special maintenance and management, the data can be useful for future restoration material development or species selection.