• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to provide for the basic data useful to the development of a quality bassiere featuring a good wearing feeling, to investigate the characteristics of breast shapes by age and suggest a brassiere sizing system for woman. For this purpose, the subjects of anthropometry were 220 women aged between 20 and 59. The anthropometric measurements were analyzed by various statistical methods mean, standard deviation, F-test, Duncan-test, Factor analysis, frequency. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. According to the increase of age, the items of height were decreased and items of width, depth, circumference and length were increased, being obeser and breast point were drooped. So volume and bottom area of breast of 40 50's women were larger than 20 30's women and breast point width of 40 50's women was being wider by increase of the interior of breast. 2. From analyzing the effect of brassiere wearing, it was found that brassiere reformed the breast shape with the breast volume transferred from exterior part to interior part and the bottom area of breast diminished, so brassiere can have the breast location of adult woman up and the breast point width being centered 3. It was found that there was no direct linear relationships between under bust girth and cup size from analysis of breast measurements. Therefore those 2 factors(under bust girth and cup size) was brought into basic item of brassiere sizing system. From the dual distribution table whose intervals had been decided by KS K-0070(1999), it was picked out 12 sizes which had more than 4% of appearance for suggesting brassiere size chart. The sizing system covers 76.36% of all subjects and supply reference measurements relevant to brassiere manufacturing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5102-5109
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• 2011

The purpose of the this study was to identify validity and reliability of the Korean version of the London Handicap Scale (K-LHS) measuring participation restriction for stroke survivors within outpatient rehabilitation setting. 54 stroke patients participated. The reliability was good with a Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and intraclass correlation coefficient of .791 and .983, respectively. The results of exploratory factor analysis was that the K-LHS was constructed two factors and explanation power was 72.32%. There are significant correlation between K-MBI and subitems of K-LHS (r=-.454 ~ -.819)(p<.01), except economic item. Because the K-LHS seems to be a valid and reliable, thus, it is considered to be appropriate as a tool to measure participation restriction of stroke patients in clinical practice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.210-222
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• 2004

In recent years, the number and proportion of Korean elderly have grown rapidly, and elderly individuals show a disproportionate risk for poor nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of sociodemographic background to nutrient intake of persons 65 years of age or older, living in 15 cities in Korea. Data on 1973 subjects (603 males, 1370 females), who participated in the Korean Elderly Nutrition Survey (2000), were analyzed. Their mean age was 72.3 years and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.2 kg/$m^2$. Basic sociodemographic data were obtained through personal interviews. The 98-item semi-food frequency questionnaire, developed and previously validated for Korean middle-aged and elderly subjects, was administered. “Percentage of subjects who consumed under 75％ Korean RDA,” “number of nutrients consumed below 75％ Korean RDA,” “mean nutrient adequacy ratio,” and “nutrient density” were used to determine nutritional status. Male elderly had better nutritional quality than female elderly. Nutritional quality decreased with age, especially in older elderly (over 75). Elderly who were underweight (BMI 〈 20 kg/$m^2$) showed poorer nutritional quality than those who were normal weight (BMI 20∼25 kg/$m^2$) and overweight (BMI $\geq$ 25 kg/$m^2$). Elderly who lived alone had significantly poorer nutritional quality than those who lived with a spouse, and/or with children. Lower education level and economic dependence also showed lower nutritional quality. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of specific sociodemographic factors on nutritional quality. For number of nutrients under 75％ RDA as a dependent variable, education level explained 4.8％ of the variance, followed by living status, age, body mass index, gender, and living expense support (Model $R^2$ = 0.091). For mean nutrient adequacy ratio as a dependent variable, model $R^2$ was 0.098. Therefore, sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, body mass index, living status, educational level, and economic status influenced elderly nutrition status. These results indicate that an elderly nutrition intervention should focus on subjects who are poorly educated, living alone, age 75 or older, and/or underweight.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.192-200
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the levels of job satisfaction and self-evaluated foodservice quality of dietitians in elementary schools. Out of 130 questionnaires distributed to the elementary school dietitians in In-cheon, 127 were returned and analyzed (98% response rate). The questionnaire included two multiple-item scales for measuring job satisfaction and foodservice quality, respectively. All the items in the scales were coded 1 to 5 for certainly no, no, neutral, yes, and certainly yes and grouped by using factor analyses. Most of the responding dietitians were working for schools in urban areas and had independently-managed on-site kitchens. The 23 items measuring job satisfaction were grouped into 4 factors: Job Duty, Job Condition, Physical Work Environment, and Organizational Environment. The satisfaction score was the highest for Organizational Environment with a value of 3.38 and the least for Physical Work Environment with a value of 2.08. The 22 items measuring foodservice quality were grouped into 5 factors and the mean scores of the levels of Cleanliness, Internal Food quality, External Food quality, Intangible Service Environment and Tangible Service Environment were 4.20, 3.89, 3.54, 3.45 and 2.64, respectively. The levels of job satisfaction and foodservice quality were positively associated with a correlation coefficient of 0.288 (p < 0.01). In particular, the level of job satisfaction was positively associated with foodservice quality in the aspect of Cleanliness, Internal Food Quality, and Intangible Service Environment. The results show that improving dietitians' job satisfaction could contribute to increasing the levels of foodseivice quality of elementary schools.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.23-42
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• 2012

This study is to investigate and analyze the service quality and satisfaction perceived by users and librarians of the Foreign Research Information Center (FRIC). The survey results reveal that three groups of in-campus (internal) user group, external user group and interlibrary loan librarian group has highly perceived the service quality and satisfaction of the FRIC. Two user groups have statistically significant different perceptions on the service quality, loyalty, and satisfaction. Internal user group perceived more highly than external user group, in 6 items of satisfaction, 1 item of loyalty, and 7 items of service quality. Structural equation models of satisfaction and loyalty on two user groups were proved to be appropriate. Material factor including success rate of copied text and general physical status of the copy influences significantly on the user satisfaction in both groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.98-108
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• 2015

This paper introduces the existence of purchase dependence that was identified during the analysis of inventory operations practice at a sales agency of dealing with spare parts for ship engines and generators. Purchase dependence is an important factor in designing an inventory replenishment policy. However, it has remained mostly unaddressed. Purchase dependence is different from demand dependence. Purchase dependence deals with the purchase behavior of customers, whereas demand dependence deals with the relationship between item-demands. In order to deal with purchase dependence in inventory operations practice, this paper proposes (Q, r) models with the consideration of purchase dependence. Through a computer simulation experiment, this paper compares performance of the proposed (Q, r) models to that of a (Q, r) model ignoring purchase dependence. The simulation experiment is conducted for two cases : a case of using a lost sale cost and a case of using a service level. For a case of using a lost sale cost, this paper calculates an order quantity, Q and a reorder point, r using the iterative procedure. However, for a case of using a service level, it is not an easy task to find Q and r. The complexity stems from the interactions among inventory replenishment policies for items. Thus, this paper considers the genetic algorithm (GA) as an optimization method. The simulation results demonstrates that the proposed (Q, r) models incur less inventory operations cost (satisfies better service levels) than a (Q, r) model ignoring purchase dependence. As a result, the simulation results supports that it is important to consider purchase dependence in the inventory operations practice.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.70-81
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• 2008

1. Objective Recently we have known 'First Impression' is the major factor to check the review point for the classification of sasangin. And we want to find out the objected data contribute to dignosis of female sasang constitution using Sasangins Face. 2. Methods We analysed the datum collected by multi-center researchers in 2007-2008. And this study analysed the datum of the measurement of the face by 3D-AFRA (3-Dimensional Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus) and the items of impression by SDQ. We used chi-square test to define the relationship between the item and sasang constitutions. We used independent samples t - test with classifying measuring variables of the face. 3. Results and Conclusion We put out specific female sasangin's constitutional measuring variables of face. The measuring variables of count is Taeyangin 30point, Soyangin 15point, Taeumin 32point, Soeumin 21point. There is the need to accumulate more accurate pictures about sasangin's external shape.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.30-41
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• 2019

Objectives Development of objective clinical measure for analyzing pediatric weakness has been studied. However, there is no gold standard clinical measures with acceptable validity and reliability were not provided yet and these has been major issue for clinics. Methods Some Korean medicine hospital outpatients (n=324) were recruited as participants, and 55 preliminary questions were given. Pediatric Weakness Scale (PWS) with five subscales and thirty questions were developed using factor analysis and item analysis. The internal consistency of PWS subscales were examined with using Cronbach's alpha. The correlations between PWS subscales and physical characteristics of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Ponderal Index (PI) were attested using Pearson's correlation. The differences between PWS subscale scores and profiles among 3 to 13 years old children were examined using profile analysis and ANOVA by gender. Results PWS five subscales explained 49.1% of total variance, and the range of Cronbach's alpha was from 0.700 to 0.803. The range of correlation coefficient between PWS total score and five subscales was from 0.643 to 0.748, and the PWS total score was significantly (p<0.001) correlated positively with BMI (r=-0.237) and negatively with PI (r=-0.280). The scores and profiles of PWS five subscales, BMI and PI were found to be significantly different among the all age groups. Conclusions Objective and validated clinical measure for analyzing pediatric weakness with five subscales was developed in current study, and foundations for screening, managing and treating pediatric weakness during the development were established as well. This study would contribute to the integrative education and clinical practice of the Eastern and Western medicine.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.455-464
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• 2019

BAT-AEL(Best Available Techniques Associate Emission Level) is the basis for establishing permissible emission standards for the workplace. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a regulated BAT-AEL setting methodology that is generally applicable to all relevant industries. For the BAT-AEL settings, various factors should be considered such as the pollutants item, whether the workplace is subject to integrated pollution prevention and control, whether BAT is applicable, the basic data type, the emission classification system, and the suitability of the collected data. Among these factors, it is the most important factor to establish the classification system for the emitting facilities such that the emission characteristics of an industrial facility and its pollutants can be effectively reflected. Furthermore the target of the survey workplace should adhere to the BAT guidelines, even if it is a workplace that is subject to an the integrated environmental system. Certified data (SEMS, TMS, cleanSYS, WEMS, etc.) can be used to prioritize the classification system for the emission facility and the emission levels of pollutants. However, the self-measured data, daily logs, and questionnaire data from the workplace can also be used upon agreement of the relevant TWG. The collected data should only be used only when the facility is operating normally. Data that have been determined to be outliers or inappropriate validation methods should also be excluded. The BAT-AEL can be establish by adhering to the following procedure: 1) investigate all relevant workplaces with in the industry, 2)select workplaces for integrated management, 3)Identify BAT application, 4)identify whether BAT is generally applicable, 5)establish a classification system for emitting facilities, 6)collection available data, 7)verify conformity, 8)remove of outliers, 9)prepare the BAT-AEL draft, 10)deliberate, and 11) perform the confirmation procedure.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

As a key of access to public participation and information, e-government is taking the active role of public service by relevant laws and policy measures for universal use of e-government websites. To improve the accessibility of web contents, the level of deriving the results for each detailed evaluation item according to the Korean web contents accessibility guideline is carried out, which is an important factor according to the detailed evaluation items for each website property and requires data-based management. In this paper, detailed indicators are analyzed based on the quality control level diagnosis results of existing domestic e-government websites, and the results are classified according to high and low to propose new improvement directions and induce detailed improvement. Depending on the necessity of management according to the detailed indicators for each website attribute, not only results but also level diagnosis to strengthen web service quality suggests directions for future improvement through accurate detailed analysis and research for policy feedback. This study ultimately makes it possible to expect government system management based on predicted data through deduction history management based on evaluation score data on public websites. And it provides several theoretical and practical implications through correlation and synergy. The characteristics of each score for the quality management of public sector websites were identified, and the accuracy of evaluation, the possibility of sophisticated analysis, such as analysis of characteristics of each institution, were expanded. With creating an environment for improving the quality of public websites and it is expected that the possibility of evaluation accuracy and elaborate analysis can be expanded in the e-government performance and the post-introduction stage of government website service.