• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Purpose : The Carotid Angio inspection including Aortic arch applied to wide area is conducted as the Contrast Enhance MR Angiography(CEA) which is using a contrast medium. However it is a burden not only for someone such as infants, pregnant women and patients suffering from kidney failure but continuous use of contrast medium also can be a burden for patients who has been taken follow up inspection since diagnose lesion already. The purpose of this study is to estimate a usefulness of the Time of Flight (TOF) by comparing with CEA. Materials and methods : 10 patients with an average age of 58 (from 45 to 75) who had MRA inspection in our hospital were studied using 3.0 Tesla Aachieva (Philips, Netherland) MRI system and Sense Neuro-Vascular 16 Channels Coil. The same patient was inspected both TOF and CEA simultaneously. The TOF inspection included from Aortic arch to Willis Circle by connecting 3 TOF stacks and so did CEA inspection. The quantitative analysis was conducted through signal to noise ratio(SNR) and contrast to noise ratio(CNR) with soft tissue by setting up an area of interest on CCA bifurcatoin, ICA, ECA, MCA and VA concerning obtained image. In case of qualitative analysis, 3 radiological technologists and 1 radiologist evaluated 4 items (1: Visibility of the blood vessel, 2: Image distortion measure, 3: Overlapping measure with vein, 4: Peripheral blood vessel description measure) into five points scale (1: Very bad, 2: Bad, 3: Normal 4: Good, 5: Very good). Results : Results for the quantitative analysis was obtained by calculating the average of 5 ROIs in case of SNR and CNR separately. Results of SNR, TOF were generally measured higher than CEA (In case of TOF were 166.1, 205.2, 154.39, 172.23, 161.95, and CEA were 92.05, 95.43, 84.76, 73.69, 88.3). But according to the result of CNR, both TOF and CEA were measured similarly as 67.62, 106.71, 55.9, 73.74, 63.46 for TOF and 67.82, 71.19, 60.52, 49.45, 64.07 for CEA. Throughout every results of each ROI, SNR showed statistically meaningful consequence (0.050.05). In case of qualitative analysis the average of each evaluated item was 4.2points and 4.28points in the item1, 2.93points and 4.55points in the item2, 4.6points and 3.13points in the item3, 2.88points and 4.6points in the item4. According to the results TOF was measured higher in the item3 while in the item2 and item4 CEA was higher and in case of the item1, both CEA and TOF were similar. To sum up statistically meaningful results (p<0.05) were shown in the item2, item3 and item4 but not in the item1 (p>0.05). Conclusions : Both TOF and CEA are complementary because each inspection has pros and cons, but when inspect wide area including Aortic arch normally CEA is conducted. But TOF inspection also can be considered as alternative in terms of patients who has difficulty in the contrast medium such as infants, pregnant women and patients suffering from kidney failure and patients during follow up.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a Korean version of Night Eating Questionnaire (KNEQ) and test its psychometric properties and evaluate items according to item response theory. Methods: The 14-item NEQ as a measure of severity of the night eating syndrome was translated into Korean, and then this KNEQ was evaluated. A total of 1171 participants aged 20 to 50 completed the KNEQ on the Internet. To test reliability and validity, Cronbach's alpha, correlation, simple regression, and factor analysis were used. Each item was analyzed according to Rasch-Andrich rating scale model and item difficulty, discrimination, infit/outfit, and point measure correlation were evaluated. Results: Construct validity was evident. Cronbach's alpha was .78. The items of evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion showed high ability in discriminating people with night eating syndrome, while items of morning anorexia and mood/sleep provided relatively little information. The results of item analysis showed that item2 and item7 needed to be revised to improve the reliability of KNEQ. Conclusion: KNEQ is an appropriate instrument to measure severity of night eating syndrome with good validity and reliability. However, further studies are needed to find cut-off scores to screen persons with night eating syndrome.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.155-163
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the items that were used in entrance examination for science gifted education center for elementary school students by using content analysis and classical item analysis. In content analysis, objective type items exhibited matter and interpreting data were dominant. And essay type items consisted of creativity items, evaluated creative problem solving ability. Item difficulty and discrimination index, on the whole, were appropriate. Comparing with objective type, essay type has higher discrimination index. In correlation analysis between total score and score of each type of items, total score has the highest correlation with matter items, interpreting data and creativity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.141-155
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• 1995

The objective of this study was to develop a scale to measure stress in infertile couples and to test its reliability and validity. Prior to item generation, a basic decision was made to conceptualize stress in infertile couples as including two dimensions and four subdimensions. The dimensions were, intrapersonal stress including cognitive and affective stress, and interpersonal stress including marital and social stress. Initially 95 items were generated from the inter-view data of 31 primary or secondary infertile women and from a literature review. These items were analyzed through the Index of Content Validity(CVI) and 69 items were selected which met 70% or more of the CVI. This preliminary Infertility Stress Scale were analyzed for reliability and construct validity. Item analysis and factor analysis were applied for construct validity. Forty items were selected through item analysis. This procedure was based on the inter-item correlation matrix, a corrected average inter-item correlation coefficient(.30~.70), a corrected item to total correlation coefficient (.03 or more) and information about the alpha estimate if this item was dropped from the scale. The result of the initial factor analysis including varimax rotation produced eight factors. Five items deleted because of factor complexity(indiscriminate factor loadings). The secondary factor analysis including varimax rotation produced seven factors that coincided with the conceptual framework posed for the scale developed. The seven factors were labeled as ‘meaning of children’,‘worthiness’,‘tenacious linking’,‘marital satisfaction’,‘sexual satisfaction’,‘familial adjustment’ and ‘social adjustment’. The alpha coefficient relating to internal consistency was .93 for reliability The results of this study suggest that the measurement derived from the Infertility Stress Scale is useful in assessing the stress of infertile couples.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.71-85
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• 2006

Collaborative filtering, among other recommender systems, has been known as the most successful recommendation technique. However, it requires the user-item rating data, which may not be easily available. As an alternative, some collaborative filtering algorithms have been developed recently by utilizing the market basket data in the form of the binary user-item matrix. Viewing the recommendation scheme as a two-class classification problem, we proposed a new collaborative filtering scheme using a regularized discriminant analysis applied to the binary user-item data. The proposed discriminant model was built in terms of the major principal components and was used for predicting the probability of purchasing a particular item by an active user. The proposed scheme was illustrated with two modified real data sets and its performance was compared with the existing user-based approach in terms of the recommendation precision.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2016

Background: The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) was developed to measure of gait-related activities. The FGA was translated in Korean but only a few psychometric characteristics had been studied. Objects: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of FGA scale using Rasch analysis. Methods: The study included 120 patients with stroke (age range=30~83 years; mean${\pm}$standard deviation=$58.3{\pm}11.1$). The FGA and Berg Balance Scale were performed, and were analysed for dimensionality of the scale, item difficulty, scale reliability and separation, and item-person map using Rasch analysis. Results: The 4 rating scale categories of FGA were satisfied with optimal rating scale criteria. The most items of the FGA showed sound item psychometric properties except 2 items ('gait with the horizontal head turns', and 'gait with narrow base of support'), and the 2 misfit items were excluded for all further analyses. The 8 items were arranged in order of difficulty. The most difficult item was 'gait with eyes closed', the middle difficult item was 'gait level surface', and the easiest item was 'gait with vertical head turns.' A person separation reliability was .93 and the person separation index was 3.57. Conclusion: This study suggests that the 8-item Korean FGA are valid measure of assess the gait-related balance performance, and to set the goal of rehabilitation plan in patient with stroke.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-96
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was the development of a scale to assess the daily hassles of school age children. The subjects were 398 third and sixth grade children selected from elementary schools in Seoul, Inchon, Taejon, Kwangju and Pusan. Instruments included a questionnaire composed of a 96-item Daily Hassles Coping Scale, demographic questions, a 27-item Children's Depression Inventory, the 42-item Han & Yoo Daily Hassles Scale for Children, and a 30-item Children's Behavior Check List for mothers. Mean, %, ${\chi}^2$, Cramer's V, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis and Pearson's r were used for data analysis. 82 items from the 96-item Daily Hassles Coping Scale were selected through the item discriminant method. (Cramer's V discriminant coefficients ranged from .36 to .79). Five factors were extracted from the lst and 2nd factor analyses. Subscales were "parent-related," "friend-related I," "study-related," "friend-related II," and "teacher-related" stress. Criterion validity of the 82-item scale was confirmed through significant correlations with the Children's Depression Inventory (r=.55) and the Han & Yoo Daily Hassles Scale for Children (r=.22). Internal consistency of this scale was high, including internal reliability of subscales. These results confirm this scale as a valid and reliable measure of daily hassles of school age children.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.42
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• pp.37-57
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to verify goodness-of-fit by Many-Facets Rasch model for applying martial arts training satisfaction scale to security martial arts trainees. To achieve the purpose, 255 security martial arts trainees' data were used in the analysis. In addition, In addition, the AMOS 20.0 program was used for unidimensionality validation, and take advantage of the Facets 3.61 program for goodness-of-fit verification. Specific results are as follows: First, Unidimensionali test results showed that model fit, reliability and standardized ${\beta}$ value are suitable. Second, the analysis results of goodness-of-fit, items 1, 2, 3 are inadequate, 4, 8, 11, 13, 14 items once found to be over-fit questions. Also, analysis of item difficulty, item 1 has highest difficulty and item 7 was lowest. Third, According Facets item difficulty and response difference verification result, female group exhibited a high level of item difficulty compared to the male group, goodness-of-fit was all accurate. As the result of item difficulty and response difference verification based on Martial arts training flow, there is no response difference according to the training experience. On the other hands, less than 4 years to 5 years and less than 5 years to 6 years trainees represented over-fit features. Results of item difficulty and response difference verification by grade level, first grade was the most highly recognized the item difficulty and fourth grade was also recognized the lowest of item difficulty Fourth, the response category analysis showed that the six points response categories are not appreciate.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.7-18
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• 2006

An aphasia screening test can serve a main purpose of differentiating aphasics from non-aphasic patients in a quick as well as efficient manner. As a preliminary study for developing a standardized aphasia screening test for Korean patients, we constructed an aphasia screening test constituting items from the Paradise' Korean version-the Western Aphasia Battery(P K-WAB). All test items were analyzed in order to extract items with optimal item discrimination and adequate item difficulty indices. From the results, we were able to select some items from each subtest with optimal results of discriminant function analysis for aphasic and normal control groups. It is expected, thus, that information on the item analysis could be utilized in developing a Korean aphasia screening test.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.179-189
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• 2007

Every purchase a customer makes builds patterns about how products are purchased together. The process of finding these patterns, called market basket analysis, is composed of two steps in the Microsoft Association Algorithm. The first step is to find frequent item-sets. The second step which requires much less time than the first step does is to generate association rules based on frequent item-sets. Even though the first step, finding frequent item-sets, is the core part of market basket analysis, when applied to Online Analytical Processing(OLAP) cubes it always raises several points such as longitudinal analysis becomes impossible and many unpractical transactions are built up. In this paper, a new OLAP cube structures designing method which makes longitudinal analysis be possible and also makes only real customers' purchase patterns be identified is proposed for market basket analysis.