• ETRI Journal
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.277-289
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• 2024

In this paper, we describe a neural network-based application that recommends multiple items using dialog context input and simultaneously outputs a response sentence. Further, we describe a multi-item recommendation by specifying it as a set of clothing recommendations. For this, a multimodal fusion approach that can process both cloth-related text and images is required. We also examine achieving the requirements of downstream models using a pretrained language model. Moreover, we propose a gate-based multimodal fusion and multiprompt learning based on a pretrained language model. Specifically, we propose an automatic evaluation technique to solve the one-to-many mapping problem of multi-item recommendations. A fashion-domain multimodal dataset based on Koreans is constructed and tested. Various experimental environment settings are verified using an automatic evaluation method. The results show that our proposed method can be used to obtain confidence scores for multi-item recommendation results, which is different from traditional accuracy evaluation.

• 재활복지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.169-190
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 스포츠수행전략(TOPS) 척도를 지체장애 엘리트선수에게 적용이 가능토록, Rasch 평정척도모형을 적용하여 문항의 적합성을 검증하는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 지체장애 엘리트선수 215명을 대상으로 5요인 24문항으로 구성되어있는 TOPS 척도에 응답토록 하였고, 일차원성 가정은 PCAR 검증을 통해서, 문항의 적합성은 WINSTEPS 3.65 프로그램을 통하여 검증하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 문항의 응답범주는 문제가 있는 것으로 나타나, 기존 5점 범주 대신 3점 범주로 수정이 필요하다. 둘째, 문항적합성을 분석한 결과 21문항은 적합한 것으로 나타났지만, 3문항은 부적합한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, TOPS 척도의 문항 신뢰도는 수용이 가능했지만, 응답자 신뢰도는 낮게 나타나, 문항 곤란도를 고려한 문항 순서의 조정이 필요하였다. 넷째, 개인 속성점수와 곤란도를 Item-Person Map을 통해 비교한 결과, 혼잣말 요인을 제외한 나머지 요인들에서 개인 속성점수 분포에 비해 문항 곤란도 분포가 편향되어 있는 것으로 나타내었다. 따라서 후속 연구에서 지체장애 엘리트선수의 TOPS를 적용하기 위해서는 문항의 배열을 곤란도가 낮은 문항에서 높은 문항 순으로 조정하고, 응답범주는 3점 범주로 설정, 아울러 곤란도를 고려한 추가문항을 개발하는 것이 타당한 결과를 산출할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to perform items analysis using the classical test theory (CTT) and the item response theory (IRT), and to establish the validity and reliability of the Korean version of pressure ulcer prevention knowledge. Methods: The 26-item pressure ulcer prevention knowledge instrument was translated into Korean, and the item analysis of the 22 items having an adequate content validity index (CVI), was conducted. A total of 240 registered nurses in 2 university hospitals completed the questionnaire. Each item was analyzed applying CTT and IRT according to 2-parameter logistic model. Response alternatives quality, item difficulty and item discrimination were evaluated. For testing validity and reliability, Pearson correlation coefficient and Kuder Richardson-20 (KR-20) were used. Results: Scale CVI was .90 (Item-CVI range= .75-1.00). The total correct answer rate for this study population was relatively low as 52.5%. The quality of response alternatives was found to be relatively good (range= .02-.83). The item difficulty of the questions ranged form .10 to .86 according to CTT and -12.19 to 29.92 according to the IRT. This instrument had 12-low, 2-medium and 8-high item difficulty applying IRT. The values for the item discrimination ranged .04-.57 applying CTT and .00-1.47 applying IRT. And overall internal consistency (KR-20) was .62 and stability (test-retest) was .82. Conclusion: The instrument had relatively weak construct validity, item discrimination according to the IRT. Therefore, the cautious usage of a Korean version of this instrument would be recommended for discrimination because there are so many attractive response alternatives and low internal consistency.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.757-766
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• 2017

This study investigated not only the existence of differently functioned item due to gender but also domain. In this study, the randomly selected data of TIMSS 2007, which consist of 681 male and 646 women, were analyzed. To detect differently functioned items, this study employed Raju method. For Raju method, three-parameter logistic model was selected. Signed and unsigned area between two item characteristic curve were measured within the real ability range. An item which was detected commonly SA and UA area in Raju method was defined as a differently functioned item. As a result of this study, six items among twenty seven items of mathematics in the TIMSS 2007 were differently functioned item. Five items among those six items, were in favor of boys and one item was in favor of girls. Number, Geometric Shapes and Measures, and Applying were in favor of boys. but Data Display, Reasoning were in favor of girls. The conclusion of this study was summarized as existing differently functioned items in TIMSS 2007 and difference between favorable domain based gender. Finally, it is desirable to consider the differently functioned items by relating those item content for improving the test reliability of TIMSS 2007.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

본 연구는 2005년, 2006년 대학수학능력시험 직업탐구영역의 "컴퓨터 일반" 문항을 질적 연구와 양적연구로 분석하였다. 질적 연구로 내용 타당도 검사를 실시하고, 양적연구로 2-모수 문항 반응 모형에 근거한 베이지안(Bayesian) 1.0을 이용하여 문항의 난이도 및 변별도를 측정하였으며 고전검사이론 프로그램인 테스트안(Testan) 1.0을 이용하여 문항의 신뢰도 및 오답지를 분석하였다. "컴퓨터 일반" 영역의 문항들을 분석하여 문항의 질을 높이고 난이도의 정확한 예측을 하여 보다 신뢰도와 변별력 있는 문항을 개발하기 위한 자료로 제시하고자 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a Korean version of Night Eating Questionnaire (KNEQ) and test its psychometric properties and evaluate items according to item response theory. Methods: The 14-item NEQ as a measure of severity of the night eating syndrome was translated into Korean, and then this KNEQ was evaluated. A total of 1171 participants aged 20 to 50 completed the KNEQ on the Internet. To test reliability and validity, Cronbach's alpha, correlation, simple regression, and factor analysis were used. Each item was analyzed according to Rasch-Andrich rating scale model and item difficulty, discrimination, infit/outfit, and point measure correlation were evaluated. Results: Construct validity was evident. Cronbach's alpha was .78. The items of evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion showed high ability in discriminating people with night eating syndrome, while items of morning anorexia and mood/sleep provided relatively little information. The results of item analysis showed that item2 and item7 needed to be revised to improve the reliability of KNEQ. Conclusion: KNEQ is an appropriate instrument to measure severity of night eating syndrome with good validity and reliability. However, further studies are needed to find cut-off scores to screen persons with night eating syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the functional category, the item structure and the model-data fit of the neck disability index (NDI) of neck pain subjects by performing a Rasch rating scale analysis. Methods: The data was obtained from the assessments of 71 college students (males: 27, females: 44) with neck pain. The data of the NDI was applied to the Rasch's rating scale model to estimate the difficulty of items, the goodness-of-fit of each item, the separation reliability and index, and the rating scale. Results: The 'sleep' item showed misfit and nine items were founds to be fits for self-reporting of disability due to neck pain. The most difficult item of the remaining 9 items was 'work' and the easiest item was 'headache'. The transformation formula score=(logit score+7.10)/(7.10+0.11)$\times$100. The 6 response levels of the NDI were validated according to the structure of the rating scale. The item and subject reliability of the separation reliability was 0.97 and 0.85, respectively. Conclusion: We proved that the NDI for self-reporting of disability of daily activities due to mild neck pain was valid and reliable. This study suggests that individuals with mild neck pain may be assessed by using the modified NDI that does not include the 'sleep' item in the 10 items of NDI.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1998

In this paper, we have represented the efficient way how to enumerate the optimal number-right scores to adjust the item difficulty and to improve item discrimination. To estimate the optimal number-right scores in two equivalent math-tests by linear score equating a measurement error model was applied to the true scores observed from a pair of equivalent math-tests assumed to measure same trait. The model specification for true scores which is represented by the bivariate model is a simple regression model to inference the optimal number-right scores and we assume again that the two simple regression lines of raw scores and true scores are independent each other in their error models. We enumerated the difference between mean value of $\chi$＊ and ${\mu}$$\_$$\chi$/ and the difference between the mean value of y＊and a＋b${\mu}$$\_$$\chi$/ by making an inference the estimates from 2 error variable regression model. Furthermore, so as to distinguish from the original score points, the estimated number-right scores y’$\^$*/ as the estimated regression values of true scores with the same coordinate were moved to center points that were composed of such difference values with result of such parallel score moving procedure as above mentioned. We got the asymptotically normal distribution in Figure 5 that was represented as the optimal distribution of the optimal number-right scores so that we could decide the optimal proportion of number-right score in each item. Also by assumption that equivalence of two tests is closely connected to unidimensionality of a student’s ability. we introduce new definition of trait score to evaluate such ability in each item. In this study there are much limitations in getting the real true scores and in analyzing data of the bivariate error model. However, even with these limitations we believe that this study indicates that the estimation of optimal number right scores by using this enumeration procedure could be easily achieved.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.159-165
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• 2008

For deciding the profitability and feasibility of the construction project, the schematic estimation has to not only link the design decision-making but also estimate the cost with reliability. The Object-based schematic estimation system was developed for easily linking with design-making and supports to evaluate the design alternatives in the design development stage but didn't consider the cost estimated by object supplementary and parameter work item. This research presents the Integrated Object-Parameter Schematic Estimation Model in the design development stage that can lead to more accurately estimate the cost through analyzing historical data from the high-storied office buildings. For the development of the proposed model for schematic estimation, after analyzing and classifying the work items from the Bills of Quantities(BOQs) and drawings of historical data, this research proposed the methods of estimating cost in accordance with attributes of each work item using regression analysis. In addition, a case study is performed for the effectiveness as comparing the proposed model with the previous estimating model.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.877-886
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• 2009

본 논문은 웹 기반 3D 패션몰을 위한 의복 시뮬레이션 시스템의 설계 기법 및 구현 방법에 대해 제한한다. 웹 3D 패션몰은 마우스 조작이 쉬운 Web3D 저작툴인 ISB로 구현하였고, 3D 인체 모델과 의상 아이템 모델은 3D MAX를 이용하여 로폴리곤 모델링으로 제작하였고, 생성된 3D 인체 모델과 의상 아이템 모델을 XML 형식으로 출력시켜 저장한 후, Direct3D를 이용하여 제작된 ActiveX 컨트롤을 사용하여 웹상에서 3D 인체 모델과 의상 아이템 모델의 정합과 애니메이션을 구현하였다. 또한 텍스타일 팔레트를 제작하여 의상 아이템 모델에 맵핑하는 과정을 알파블 렌딩 기법을 적용하여 구현하였다.