• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 1991

In order to investigate the changes and characteristics of biochemical metabolic substances of soybean tissue culture during the cultural period, immature cotyledons were detached form the plant on 15th days after flowering and cultured in vitro for 3 weeks. The cultures were classified into embryogenic(EC) and non-embryogenic callus(NEC). A part of the EC lines were subcultured for another 3 weeks and classified into root forming(RFC), and shoot forming cultures(SFC). Another part of the EC lines were used for isolation of protoplasts, which were subsequently cultured in vitro for 4 weeks. The cultures were classified into embryogenic(PEC) and non-embryogenic callus(PNEC) derived from the protoplasts. The cultures of EC and PEC lines showed higher phenylalanine content and lower methionine content than those of NEC and PNEC. At organ differentiation stage, both cultures showed the content of aspartic acid decreased, while the other amino acids increased as a whole. The protein pattern analysis of the cultures revealed that EC and NEC lines contained distinctive polypeptides, with mass of ca. 18KD for EC and ca. 22KD for NEC respectively. The EC and PEC lines also showed high activity of peroxidase isozyme A(piA), while the RFC and SFC lines showed that of peroxidase isozyme B(piB).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2000

Callus was induced from the petioles of scented-geranium (Pelargonium graveolense) in MS medium containing various concentrations of plant growth regulators. The highest frequency of more than 70% of callus was induced in 2 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP or 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l BAP combined treatment, while not in 2,4-D, NAA or BAP alone. When the callus was transferred to the MS medium containing 0.05 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP, were highest intensity of shoot formation, 14 shoots/callus, was induced after 5 weeks. The highest rooting was observed on hormone-free rooting media from the regenerated shoots after 3 weeks, indicating that the regeneration from geranium callus might be possible by changing the hormone ratios. Peroxidase (POD) specific activities in callus induced from 2 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP were higher than those of 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l BAP callus during the entire culture periods. POD isozyme C3 was the main cathodic POD isozyme expressed in NAA and BAP callus, while C1 was the main in 2,4-D and BAP callus. However, anodic POD isozymes, A1, A2 and A3 were expressed with similar activities in both hormone combinations.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Eighty-five different cultivars of Brassica rapa, B. juncea, B. nap us, B. carinata, B. oleracea and hexaploid Brassica collected from Bangladesh, Japan, China and Denmark were analyzed by SDS-PAGE for seed and leaf protein variations, using esterase, acid phosphatase and peroxidase isozyme analysis. Ten polymorphic bands were identified from seed protein however no identifiable polymorphic band was found in the leaf protein. Polymorphic markers clearly distinguished the different Brassica species as well as yellow sarson (YS) and brown seeded (BS) cultivars of B. rapa. The $F_1$ cross between YS and brown seeded cultivars showed the existance of all poly-morphic bands of the respective parents. The Bangla-deshi and Japanese cultivars of B. rapa differed in the amount of seed protein. In the case of isozyme analysis, esterase showed the highest number of polymorphic bands (13) followed by acid phosphatase (9) and peroxidase (5). These polymorphic markers were very effec-tive for classification of all the species studied in this experiment. In parentage tests using isozymes, the hybridity of intra-and-interspecific crosses of almost all the seedlings could be identified from their respective cross combinations. Esterase polymorphism showed a clear differentiation between YS and BS types of B. rapa. In addition, two esterase polymorphic markers were iden ified to differentiate some cultivars of B. juncea. Segregation patterns in these two esterase bands showed a simple Mendelian monohybrid ratio of 3:1 in $F_2$, 1:1 in test cross and 1:0 in back cross progenies. No polymorphic band was identified to distinguish different cultivars of the same species by acid phosphatase or peroxidase. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out with seed coat color specific marker of B. juncea. The yellow seeded cultivars produced a strong band at 0.5 kb and weak band 1.2 kb. In the addition of these two specific bands, Japanese yellow-seeded cultivars expressed two more weak bands at 1.0 kb and 1.1 kb. Where the brown seeded cultivars generated a single strong band at 1.1 kb. In segregating population, the yellow seed coat color marker segregated at a ratio 15 (brown) : 1 (yellow), indicating the digenic inheritance pattern of the trait.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.350-355
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• 1984

The present researches were carried out to classify the species of ginseng by electrophoretic methods with isozyme patterns of LAP. esterase, GOT, phosphatase, peroxidase and proteins. All variants of Korean and Japanese ginseng had identical band patterns of the investigated enzymes in roots as well as in seeds. However, American ginseng had different patterns from those of Korean or Japanese.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.315-321
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• 1997

Peroxidase activities and isozyme patte군 of the pine needles (Pinus densiflora) were examined and compared in the coastal regions of Anmyum-Do(Choongnam, Taean-Gun) and inland regions of Shinchang-Myun(Choongnam, Asan-City). The pine needle peroxidase from Anmyum-Do showed approximately three times higher specfic activity than Shinchang pine needle peroxidase. The pine needle extracts of Anmyun-Do and Shinchang contained three anionic isoperoxidases, named A1, A2 and A3, when subjected to starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0. Cjationic isoperoxidases could not be found in both extracts., However, there existed unique isoperoxidase An only from the extracts of Anmyun-Do pine needles under the salinary environment. Moreover, the specific activities of catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Anmyun-Do, known for the inducible enzymes under the stress condition, were about 1.8 times higher than those of Shinchang pine needles. However, the specific activities of other enzymes did not show great differences between the two regions. Considering the above results of the higher specific activity of peroxidase and the unique expression of isoperoxidase An, pine needle peroxidase might involve in the defence mechanism against the salinary stress of Anmyun-Do.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1987

The present researches were carried out to differentiate the species of Colletotrichum by elecrophoretic method. C. gloeosporioides, C. dematium and Gloeosporium fructigenum could be differentiated by the isozyme patterns of esterase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. Especially. G-strain and R-strain of C. gloeosporioides were differentiated by the enzyme patterns. The G­strain damaged all stage fruits (green and red fruits) of Capsicum annum. The R-strain could not infect the unripe (green) fruits, but it could damage only ripe (red) fruit of Capsicum annum.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.101-111
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• 1991

Amoeba sp. was cultured under the light and the dark conditions, and the activity of phosphatases was investigated. There was a linear correlation between the early reaction time and the activity of phosphatases when phosphatases were incubated at 30℃. Then the activity of acid phosphatase was about 2 times higher than that of alkaline phosphatase. The activity of phosphatase was optimal at pH 5.0 in acidic part and at pH 8.0 in alkaline part, respectively. The optimal temperature of phosphatases was near the 40℃. The isozyme patterns of cytoplasmic acid phosphatase were compared with those of membraneous one. Both the isozyme patterns were shown to bo polymorphic on the polyacyamide gel, but different band patterns were observed in the isozymes of the cytoplasmic and the membraneous acid phosphatases. The number of Amoeba sp. under the light stimulus for 48 hours decreased negative exponentially from the illumination. The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases under the illumination of light incresed 1.7 and 1.5 times higher, respectively, than the activity of those under the dark condition. This result apperars to be related to the mechanism of the autophosphorylation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 1991

Interspecific hybrids between the ASpergillus spp., A. awamori, A. usamii and A. oryzae, were obtained by nuclear transfer technique. Nuclei isolated from an auxotrophic mutant strain were transferred into the protoplasts of a recipient strain of different species. The frequency of interspecific hybrid formation by nuclear transfer was $2*10^{-5}$ $-7*10^{-4}$ In contrast, no interspecific hybrid was isolated by protoplast fusion. Among the hybrids tested, 10 strains showed increased activity of some or all components of cellulases, xylanases and amylase up to more than two times. Isozyme pattern of the hybrids were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing followed by activity staining, which showed that some of the hybrids have isozyme patterns unidentical to either of the two parents. By measuring the DNA contents and the sizes ofthe conidia, the karyotypes of the hybrids were estimated to be aneuploid near to haploid, diploid or triploid. It was concluded that the unclear transfer technique is much more efficient in the formation of interspecific hybrids than protoplast fusion and is very useful for the improvement of Aspergillus strains.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 1988

Auxotrophic mutants were obtained by UV-irradiation to mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum. Induction rate of auxotrophs was 5.78%. Interspecific fusion products of protoplasts were obtained by polyethylene glycol induced fusion of protoplasts from auxotrophic mutants of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma applanatum. Fusion products were selected by means of the comparison with the mycelial growth rate and colony morphology. Fusion products were confirmed by mycelial morphology and esterase isozyme pattern. Some segregants were observed and fusion product produced fruit bodies.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.210-213
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• 1988

Several reversion colonies were obtained after induced transfer of the isolated nuclei from P. sapidus into protoplast of P. ostreatus$({Arg}^-)$. These colonies showed three distinct cultural characteristics, type 1 produced spontaneous segregants of both parental types, type 2 showed segregants of non parental types, and type 3 gave rise to homogeneous colonies. Isozyme patterns of esterase, malate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase showed substantial differences between parents and nuclei transferred strains. This observation supported that the isolated nuclei of P. sapidus were transferred into protoplast of P. ostreatus and expressed in recipient cell.