• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.781-786
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• 2015

It is necessary for ferrite sheets to be fabricated with high packing density for excellent electrical properties and high strength. In this study, the relationship between the warpage and the packing density of ferrite green sheet, was investigated with amount variation of organic additives. With 0.4 wt% of dispersant, the packing density was about 48% and warpage appeared 0.5~1.3 mm high. With 1.4 wt% of dispersant, the packing density increased up to 57% and warpage appeared 0.8~2.1 mm high. With high packing density, warpage appeared along the edges of specimen, while with low packing density, deformation appeared over whole specimen inhomogeneously. It is thought that inhomogeneous deformation after sintering came from the inhomogeneity in green sheet prepared with badly dispersed slurry. With good homogeneity in green sheet from well-dispersed slurry, isotropic shrinkage is thought to have occurred along the distance from center to edges of specimen during sintering.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.28-31
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• 2003

Copper CMP in terms of the effect of slurry chemicals (oxidizer, corrosion inhibitor, complexing agent) on the process characteristics has been performed. Corrosion inhibitors, benzotriazole (BTA) and tolytriazol (TTA) were used to control the removal rate and avoid isotropic etching. When complexing agent is added with H$_2$O$_2$ 2 wt% in the slurry, the corrosion rate was presented very well. In the case of complexing agent, it was estimated that the proper concentration is 1 wt%, because the addition of tartaric acid to alumina slurry causes low pH and the slurry dispersion stability become unstable. There was not much change of the removal rate. It was assumed that BTA 0.05 wt% is suitable. Most of all, it was appeared that BTA is possible to be replaced by TTA. TTA was distinguished for the effect among complexing agents.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.4715-4721
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• 2022

A comprehensive approach for modeling the pulse height spectra of gamma-ray detectors from passing radioactive cloud in a case of accident at NPP has been developed. It involves modeling the transport of radionuclides in the atmosphere using Lagrangian stochastic model, WRF meteorological processor with an ARW core and GFS data to obtain spatial distribution of radionuclides in the air at a given moment of time. Applying representation of the cloud as superposition of elementary sources of gamma radiation the pulse height spectra are calculated based on data on flux density from point isotropic sources and detector response function. The proposed approach allows us to obtain time-dependent spectra for any complex radionuclide composition of the release. The results of modeling the pulse height spectra of the scintillator detector NaI(Tl) Ø63×63 mm for a hypothetical severe accident at a NPP are presented.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.665-670
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• 2010

The effect of a particle's spin is investigated numerically by taking into account the effect of lift forces originating due to difference between the rotations of a particle and of a fluid, such as the Saffman and Magnus lift forces. These lift forces have been ignored in many previous studies on particle-laden turbulence. The trajectory of the particles can be changed by the lift forces, resulting in a significant modification of the stochastic characteristics of heavy particles. Probability density functions and autocorrelations are evaluated from the velocity of solid particle, acceleration of solid particles, and acceleration of fluid at the position of solid particle. Changes in velocity statistics are negligible but statistics related with acceleration are affected by the rotation of particle. When a laden particle encounters coherent structures during its motion, the particle's rotation might significantly affects the motion due to intermittently large fluid acceleration near the coherent structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.837-859
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• 2016

An efficient shear deformation theory is developed for wave propagation analysis of an infinite functionally graded plate in the presence of thermal environments. By dividing the transverse displacement into bending and shear parts, the number of unknowns and governing equations of the present theory is reduced, and hence, makes it simple to use. The thermal effects and temperature-dependent material properties are both taken into account. The temperature field is assumed to be a uniform distribution over the plate surface and varied in the thickness direction only. Material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The governing equations of the wave propagation in the functionally graded plate are derived by employing the Hamilton's principle and the physical neutral surface concept. There is no stretching.bending coupling effect in the neutral surface-based formulation, and consequently, the governing equations and boundary conditions of functionally graded plates based on neutral surface have the simple forms as those of isotropic plates. The analytic dispersion relation of the functionally graded plate is obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem. The effects of the volume fraction distributions and temperature on wave propagation of functionally graded plate are discussed in detail. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the wave propagation characteristics in the functionally graded plate. The results carried out can be used in the ultrasonic inspection techniques and structural health monitoring.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2023

This article investigates the wave propagation analysis of the imperfect functionally graded (FG) sandwich plates based on a novel simple four-variable integral quasi-3D higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The thickness stretching effect is considered in the transverse displacement component. The presented formulation ensures a parabolic variation of the transverse shear stresses with zero-stresses at the top and the bottom surfaces without requiring any shear correction factors. The studied sandwich plates can be used in several sectors as areas of aircraft, construction, naval/marine, aerospace and wind energy systems, the sandwich structure is composed from three layers (two FG face sheets and isotropic core). The material properties in the FG faces sheet are computed according to a modified power law function with considering the porosity which may appear during the manufacturing process in the form of micro-voids in the layer body. The Hamilton principle is utilized to determine the four governing differential equations for wave propagation in FG plates which is reduced in terms of computation time and cost compared to the other conventional quasi-3D models. An eigenvalue equation is formulated for the analytical solution using a generalized displacements' solution form for wave propagation. The effects of porosity, temperature, moisture concentration, core thickness, and the material exponent on the plates' dispersion relations are examined by considering the thickness stretching influence.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.2650-2658
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• 2024

In this paper, we use a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation based on Geant4 to investigate the influence of four parameters on the spatial resolution of the lens-coupled lutetium yttrium orthosilicate (LYSO) scintillator, including the thickness of the LYSO scintillator, the F-number and minification factor of the lens, and the incident position of the gamma-rays. Simulation results show that when the gamma-rays are incident along the lens axis, the smaller the thickness, the larger the F-number, the larger the minification factor, the higher the spatial resolution, with an isotropic point spread function (PSF). As the incident position of the gamma-rays deviates from the lens axis, the spatial resolution decreases, and the PSF becomes anisotropic. In addition, by analyzing the whole physical process of the lens-coupled LYSO scintillator from gamma-rays to secondary electrons to fluorescence photons, we aim to provide a detailed analysis of the influence of each parameter on the spatial resolution. The results show that the PSF of the secondary electrons energy deposition is almost constant in the simulation, which determines the upper limit of the spatial resolution. Meanwhile, the dispersion process of the fluorescence photons can explain the reason why each parameter affects the spatial resolution.