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Spatial Similarity between the Changjiang Diluted Water and Marine Heatwaves in the East China Sea during Summer (여름철 양자강 희석수 공간 분포와 동중국해 해양열파의 공간적 유사성에 관한 연구)

  • YONG-JIN TAK;YANG-KI CHO;HAJOON SONG;SEUNG-HWA CHAE;YONG-YUB KIM
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.121-132
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    • 2023
  • Marine heatwaves (MHWs), referring to anomalously high sea surface temperatures, have drawn significant attention from marine scientists due to their broad impacts on the surface marine ecosystem, fisheries, weather patterns, and various human activities. In this study, we examined the impact of the distribution of Changjiang diluted water (CDW), a significant factor causing oceanic property changes in the East China Sea (ECS) during the summer, on MHWs. The surface salinity distribution in the ECS indicates that from June to August, the eastern extension of the CDW influences areas as far as Jeju Island and the Korea Strait. In September, however, the CDW tends to reside in the Changjiang estuary. Through the Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis of the cumulative intensity of MHWs during the summer, we extracted the loading vector of the first mode and its principal component time series to conduct a correlation analysis with the distribution of the CDW. The results revealed a strong negative spatial correlation between areas of the CDW and regions with high cumulative intensity of MHWs, indicating that the reinforcement of stratification due to low-salinity water can increase the intensity and duration of MHWs. This study suggests that the CDW may still influence the spatial distribution of MHWs in the region, highlighting the importance of oceanic environmental factors in the occurrence of MHWs in the waters surrounding the Korean Peninsula.

The Fluctuation of Marine Aerosol Number Concentrations Related with Vertical Winds (연직풍에 따른 해양성 에어러솔 수 농도 변동에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Sung-Hwa;Jang, Sang-Min;Jung, Woon-Seon;Jeong, Jong-Hoon;Lee, Dong-In
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.259-268
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    • 2012
  • To investigate the fluctuation of marine aerosol number concentration at each different size with vertical winds in ocean area, aerosol particles and vertical wind components were measured in the Ieodo Ocean Research Station, which is located to 419 km southwest of Marado, the southernmost island of Korea, from 8 to 22 June 2009. The Laser Particle Counter (LPC) and ultrasonic anemometer were used to measure the number of aerosol particles and vertical wind speed. Surface weather chart, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and sounding data were used to analyze the synoptic condition. The distribution of aerosol number concentration had a large fluctuation of bigger particles more than 1.0 ${\mu}m$ in diameter by vertical wind speed during precipitation. The aerosol particles larger than 1.0 ${\mu}m$ in diameter increased as the wind changed from downward to upward during precipitation. The aerosol number concentration of bigger size than 1.0 ${\mu}m$ in diameter increased about 5 times when vertical velocity was about 0.4 $ms^{-1}$. In addition, the accumulation and coarse mode aerosol number concentration decreased about 45% and 92%, respectively compared to concentrations during precipitation period. It is considered that vertical wind plays an important role for the increasing of coarse mode aerosol number concentration compared to the large aerosol particles sufficiently removed by the scavenging effect of horizontal winds. Therefore, the upward vertical winds highly contribute to the formation and increase in aerosol number concentration below oceanic boundary layer.

A study on the origination and Transmission of Yu in Northeast Asia. -from the 4th Century to the 8th Century- (동북(東北)아시아 유의 기원(起源)과 그 교류(交流)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -$4{\sim}8$세기(世紀)를 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Cho, Sun-Hee;Park, Kyung-Ja
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.17
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    • pp.29-43
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    • 1991
  • Yu was a type of dress worn on the upper part of the body which was commonly used in Northeast Asia. It was originally used by the Northern race for the need of courtesy as well as protecting cold. It was believed that Yu in Northeast Asia, which was called Kaftan, was came from Scythai lived in North Eurasian land around the Black sea. Scythians were the first-formed horse-riding race in the world and their civilization influenced those of far Asiatic sector along the steppe route. As their power expanded, their costume culture transmitted to the East(China, Korea, Japan). The upper garment, Yu, was characterized by the left-sided collars, narrow sleeves belted at the waist to the length of the hip line and the tight trouser on the lower part, which we commonly called HoBok(胡服) style. 1. Yu in Northeast Asia was originated from the Eurasians, Scythian Culture. Being exchanged, active style costumes were widely used among Chinese, Koreans and Japanese throughout centuries' including $4{\sim}8$ century. 2. Chinese Yu had a style of wide-sleeves and right-sided collars. The traditional costumes of Han race are consisted of wide-sleeved Yu on the upper and long-skirt on the lower part of the body. Before the adoptation of HoBok during reign of King Jo Mooryung in 307. B.C., HoBok style had already found in the remains since the Sang period. There were various names among Yu during the Han period. Seup, Sean Eui, Kye, Kyu were one of the styles and several names were meant for collar and sleeves. During $4{\sim}8$ centuries, clothes of right-sided collar were found, superior to that of left-sided and narrow sleeves were widely used both the royal and the humble. Various styles of decoration were seen in Yu around neck, back and sleeves comparing other nations. 3. Yu, in Korea, was typical style of Northern-bound HoBok. Both men and women had similarity in Yu style, narrow sleeves, left-sided collar, belted at the waist and to the length of hip line. Influenced by Han race, in the $4th{\sim}8th$ centuries, dual system of collar was found. But we cannot see major change in Yu and finally was connected to the present. 4. The original design of the Japanese costumes was not similar to that of Northern nomadic hunting race, which was suitable for horse-riding activities. Owing to the climates along the island, we could see various conditions ranging from the cold and to the warm. Influenced by the climates, pulling over the neck(Pancho style) were major design in Japan. As Korea was advanced earlier than Japan, Korean landed Japanese territory showing clothes. So primitive costumes had changes in style. During the $4th{\sim}8th$ period. The Korean mode was found in Haniwa (which was built to make sacrifices to the dead King) and costumes in Jeong Chang Won. Among the costumes in Jeong Chang Won, we put 3 or more costumes to the category of Yu characterizing elements of Korea and Tang period. From the $4th{\sim}8th$ century, China, Korea, Japan fell into the same cultural category, Scythai. Styles in Yu among three nations, we saw little differences, basically along times. Originated from the West Asia, Yu was transmitted to the far East changing Chinese costumes, Koreans melted it into the traditional elements and then influenced Japan.

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