• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2001

Physical oceanographic environments in the coastal sea of Chung-Moon located in the south coast of Cheju Island, Korea, where water pollutions by growing tourism complex possibly start to influence on the ecological system, are studied with hydrographic data observed monthly during July 1997 to June 2000. Winter and summer characteristics are shown in December to April and June to October, respectively, and transitional characteristics are shown in May and November. Waters show 14{\sim}16^{\circ}C$ and 34${\sim}$34.7 psu in winter and $15{\sim}27^{\circ}C$ and 32${\sim}$34.3 psu in summer. It tells that Tsushima water distributes in the whole column in winter and in the lower layer in summer, and Yangtze coastal water appears in the surface water in summer. When the influence of Yangtze coastal water is strong, salinities below 30psu are shown. Stratification is formed in the depth of about 20 m from June to October, so that it is not shown in the near shore stations, of which the depth is about10 m. Isotherms and isohalines sometimes tend to be perpendicular to the coast line in the surface, which seems to show influences from the steam power plant near St. 1 and the sewage disposal plant near St. 3. During the observation period, temperatures in St. 1 are a little higher than those in St. 2 and St. 3 except for a couple of months in summer and salinities in St. 3 are mostly a little lower than those in St. 1 and St. 2. Their effects seem to be no more than $0.4^{\circ}C$ in a distance of 300 m and no more than 0.1 psu within a distance of 30 m.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2009

The aims of this study concerning tourists travelling in the island of Jeju include: to identify and assess the promotional efforts for traditional Jeju cuisine; and to identify the impacts of those efforts on customers and tourists. The analyses revealed that continuous promotion efforts, along with changes in the cooking methods and the development of new menus, are needed for the items of traditional Jeju cuisine that are relatively unknown to tourists and that fail to satisfy customers. Customers seeking Jeju food reported high satisfaction with such items as grilled meat and fish, steamed meat and fish, and raw fish(hoe), so those cooking methods must also be continually improved. Promotional efforts had impacts on the satisfaction and revisit rates of customers while the recognizability of foods offered had impacts on all areas, including the satisfaction and revisit rates of customers as well as word-of-mouth advertising among them. There needs to be an experience-oriented or educational program that introduces customers to traditional Jeju cuisine. Since customers and tourists gain information on traditional Jeju cuisine from the recommendations and word-of-mouth advertising from the locals they meet on the island, traditional Jeju cuisine should also be advertised to the local residents. The commercial merchandising of Jeju culinary culture and making festivals based on it must, therefore, be preceded by studies on how to increase the locals' awareness of local traditional cuisine.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.255-269
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• 2017

Five year term monitoring investigating variation of allochthonous originated gravels are has been conducted in the beach gravel deposit of the Island Dokdo natural reserve which takes purity and uniqueness with enormous attention though a number of areas. The beach gravel deposits near the dock of the Dongdo and near the accommodation facility of the Seodo comprise various types of gravels including basalt, trachyte, and tuff from the Dokdo itself, and granite, rhyolite, gneiss, quartzite, marble, and concrete from elsewhere. The types of the allochthonous gravels on the basis of the study in 2011 and in 2016 shows no difference, so is the ranking of abundance of the allochthonous gravels; granite-concrete-gneiss in turn on the Dongdo, concrete-gneiss-granite in turn on the Seodo. Nevertheless, the relative ratio of the allochthonous gravel area against the total area is decreased. While it is suspected that the disintegrated facility and the influx of material for construction are the main 2 reasons for the contamination by allochthonous gravel, diminished total contamination ratio indicate that supervising allochthonous material has been improved; at least not worse during the 5 years. On the other hand, it is inferred that gradual influence of rockfall also has been made the gravel beach changed. Therefore, consistent rockfall investigation must be inquired.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.667-675
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is as follows: First, to analyze the spatial structure of Jeju by analyzing the rate of parking demand and supply; Second, to determine the parking service imbalance between regions; and third, to elucidate the causes of this spatial structural parking service imbalance and provide effective measures. Due to the rapid population and tourism growth, Jeju is suffering from traffic congestion and serious parking problems. For this, the ways to efficiently utilize the existing parking spaces were identified through spatial structure analysis based on the parking demand and supply in the Jeju area. As short-term policy, the following changes were proposed: switching to small-scale eup or myeon blocks of parking space, use of shared parking system, and repairing side streets in residential areas. As mid-to-long-term policy, it is linked to other means of transportation as follows: parking demand management policy through modal share by reorganizing public transportation routes or expanding traffic facilities; securing park-and-ride lots; and different parking pricing for different time periods. To implement these policies, each area of the public sector, private sector, and private-public partnership should develop the bond of sympathy by areas and participants.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze space planning of accommodations in seven closed schools involved in experiential activity programs on Jeju Island, a famous tourist destination in Korea. The results are as follows. First, 35 schools had been closed down in Jeju between 1982 and 2015. Among them, four closed schools were sold, three are currently used by the Jeju special self-government provincial office of education, and 25 are being leased by individuals, village organizations, and other entities. However, they have not been well-operated, and so strategies for the effective management or operation of these closed schools should be developed. Second, there are distinctive differences in space planning of accommodations based on the correlation between experiential activities and the types of participants. If the experiential activity participants are mainly individuals or small groups, the closed school is likely to plan double-bed accommodations and individual bathrooms rather than large group rooms. Third, in order to operate experiential activity programs, closed schools require four different spaces for experiential activities, lodging, dining, and sanitation. The largest space available in each school building is used for experiential activities, and original classrooms are still in use. According to the standard drawing of school architecture, standard classroom size since 1997 has been $7.5{\times}9$ meters, and lodging rooms have mainly been re-planned based on the module of the standard-sized classroom. School cafeterias are utilized as dinning and kitchen spaces. For sanitation purposes, original school restrooms are still used by experiential program participants, while the shower rooms are newly equipped.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.41-61
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• 2011

Marine protected Areas(MPAs) are specially designated zones of the sea that are designed to secure operation of ecosystem function and to restore marine ecosystem to the original state by excluding all detrimental human activities. MPAs have been proposed in many countries as means of realizing sustainable fisheries and recently MPAs are newly receiving attention as precautionary measure for global warming and climate change. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of MPAs as fisheries management tools through a wide range of literature analysis and to suggest necessity of fisheries purpose of MPAs in Korea. Establishment of marine protected area can accompany various economic benefits such as restoration of marine environment, preservation of habitats, promotion of marine tourism and so on. Especially, a lot of case studies suggested that MPAs may bring out benefits to the fishing industry as a result of enhanced stocks. Fisheries benefits of MPAs on targeted species include increased abundance, increased mean individual size and age, increased reproductive output, enhanced recruitment inside and outside refuge, maintenance of genetic diversity of stocks, and enhanced fishery yields in adjacent fishing grounds, so called spill-over. MPAs for ecosystem conservation and protection of coastal wetland have been applied appropriately and effectively, however, the Korean MPAs system is still detective due to absence of fisheries purpose MPAs. Finally, suggestions for Korean MPAs can be summarized as following four recommendations; to establish number of small-scale MPAs rather than few large MPAs, to designate island and its surrounding areas as reserve, to consider MPA design with stock enhancement program, and to undertake co-management with Eochon-Gye, the traditional coastal community in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.137-150
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• 2003

This study aims to survey whether local governments have legislated laws and regulations on environment impact assessment system, to compare and analyze specific projects and their scale, assessment items, and procedures & discussion process, to identify issues and generate improvement plans, and to suggest a direction for future legislation to local governments that plan to legislate laws and regulations in the future. Major outcome of the study are as follows. First, terminologies used for environment impact assessment by local governments need to be unified. Also, laws and regulations need to be legislated soon. Second, in "urban development project" areas, a total of nine project areas including "quarrying of soil and stone, sand, gravel, and minerals" was essential common projects. A total of six project types were added or newly established compared to national systems. Among them, four project types were added within national-level project areas and two project types were not available under the national-level project areas and newly added due to the nature of local governments. Third, in terms of project scale, scale enhancement of "urban development project" was most common. Analysis showed that in case of clean natural environment such as Cheju Island, it is necessary to consider reinforcing project areas where development activities take place directly in forests or rivers such as "industrial base and complex development", "water resource development", and "development of tourism complex." Fourth, the discussion and review procedures of assessment reports were similar to those at government level. However, in case of Seoul city, it is required to write a "preparation plan" before drafting an assessment report. The city features partial introduction of scoping and screening, which allows to exempt discussion procedures if impact on environment is found to be minimal after drafting the assessment report. In case of national-level, it has a dual system that is split between Ministry of Construction and Transportation and Ministry of Environment. However, in case of environment impact assessment of local governments, it is a single system where city mayors and provincial governors are in charge of both project execution and environmental assessment. Therefore, the most important task is how to satisfy objectiveness and accountability.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2007

"Aloha" is the Hawaiian word that extends the warmth friendliness, and pride of the Hawaiian people to their island's visitors. The aloha shirt truly symbolizes aloha sprit to islanders and visitors alike. The earliest foreign settlers in the Hawaiian Islands were the Chinese and Japanese. They brought with them their myriad talents and trades, among them the art of tailoring. In July of 1936, a shirtmaker named Ellery J.Chun coined the term "Aloha Shirt" an apt characterization for such an eloquent garment. He was the first to make the shirt on a commercial basis. The shirt sold for as little as a dollar in Chun's own King-Smith store. The genuine aloha shirt is now regaled as a work of art and avidly sought out by collectors. When tourism came to Hawaii in the late 1930s, these unusal shirts were among the first thing that visitors had to have. Local designers and tailors worked quickly to meet the demand and began to expand the range of decoration to include palm trees and romantic beaches, tropical jungles and volcanoes, exotic flowers and scenes from polynesian legend. Therefore the aloha shirt had been born. The functional use of creative colors and amazing artistic renderings in these shirts certainly capture the simplicity and sprit of Hawaii. Aloha shirt is dress that display mystery and charm of Hawaii and cultural symbol of condensed Hawaiian mind. Furthermore, the innocence with which Hawaiians formerly translated their life and heritage onto fabric ranks these shirts with the finest of American folk art. Aloha shirt is made from cotton, silk, rayon in present and past. Most important design element of Aloha shirt is print pattern. Main print pattern of Aloha shirt are all over pattern, horizontal pattern, border pattern, Japanese pattern, picture pattern and back panel pattern. In this study I investigate the design characteristics and development process of aloha shirt.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 2017

This study is the evaluation of the 'Tunak forest recreation and ecotourism development project' which will be completed in 2018 with sole source of funding from Korea. A survey was conducted to evaluate the status of the project being carried out in Lombok island, Indonesia, through the evaluation principles and criteria of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Survey participants were stakeholders of the Official Development Assistance (ODA) project and local residents. Overall, the respondents had a good impression of this ODA project and expected they would contribute to the development of their community and region. However, respondents were not well aware of the ODA project being carried out in the Tunak region and thus more efforts should be made to help the local residents understand the positive outcome of the project and to promote the ongoing cooperation between Korea and Indonesia in the forestry sector. Results of this study showed that the projects have been effectively carried out and the impact of the project was well perceived by the recipient country. In addition, this positive perception of Korea is expected to help recreation and ecotourism business progress in the region. Therefore, we believe that the project should continue to be carried-out in the future and we expect that related companies will be able to operate on its own eventually. As it is difficult to evaluate the outcome of an ongoing project precisely, this study should be conducted again after the project completion and the results can be compared to the present results so that the effectiveness of ODA project can be more accurately determined.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.12-27
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• 2004

Studies on the Korean cave fauna were reviewed during the last seven decades since the first record of Antrokorean gracilipes Verhoeff, 1938. The cave animals have been reported by only 112 papers, 16 repoyts and ten books. In the results, a total of 257 species is recorded representing four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, and 94 families, and also the holotype localities of 87 species are recorded from 36 caves and four wells in Boron. Arthropods are predominant consisting of 241 species (93.8％), and true spiders (Araneae) are a most diverse group with 97 species (37.7％) including 21 Korean endemic species belonging to 29 families.