• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.409-441
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• 2005

During reformation of the world order in the 21st century, the terrorism has been showing up as a new value and rising up as core element of determining human being's quality of lives. The middle east's terrorism is leading the international terrorism and it is originated from the religious ideology which has formed for centuries and struggles for regional influence. This is the conflict aspect coming from the opposition of religious ideologies and cultural dislocations. It concludes as confrontation between the terrorism of Islam fundamentalism and western christianity that America is leading after the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. There is little prospect for an improvement of their relationship. The Terrorism supported by government might be eradicated by America's drastic anti-terrorism policy. However, it will be serious and spread all over the world that the terrorist attacks against America and western countries is acted by militant warriors of Islamic fundamentalism, uniting Arab and Islamic peoples' emotions against America. Terrorism is urgent menace to Korea and it is needed to take measures to cope with it considering their religion and people throughly.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-71
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• 2005

Terrorism is the use of violence, especially murder and bombing, in order to achieve political aim or to force a government to do something. Nowadays, instrument of mass destruction are smaller, cheaper, and more readily available. Cellular phones were used as timers in the attacks in Madrid last March. Hijacking an airplane is relatively inexpensive. Finally, the information revolution provides inexpensive means of communication and organization that allow groups once restricted to local and national police jurisdictions to become global. Al Qaeda is said to have established a network in fifty or more countries. These technological and ideological trends increased both the lethality and the difficulty of managing terrorism. Because of the unprecedented scale of Al Qaeda's attacks, the focus is properly on Islamic extremists. But it would be a mistake to limit our concern solely to Islamic terrorists, for that would ignore the way that technology is putting into the hands of deviant groups and individuals' destructive capabilities that were once limited primarily to governments and armies.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.6_2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2015

The key objective of terrorism is to create favorable conditions for certain political, ideological, or religious interests through deliberate social chaos and the spread of fear. Accordingly, terrorist groups rally the means and methods capable of spreading fear among the public through shocking violence. Consequently, as terrorism manifests the progress in modern civilization and the structure of international community, its concepts, means, and methods evolve organically with the progress. The characteristics of the modern terrorism include that it has evolved as a means of war against countries by non-state militant groups, and suicide terrorism is spreading like epidemic as it fits the strategies of Islamic extremist and terrorist organizations as a part of international politics based on terrorism. The humanity's efforts to eliminate the threat of terrorism led to decades of implementing premature policies of military force, but they were found ineffective and resulted in the spread of extreme threat of suicide terrorism. For prevention of suicide terrorism, the efforts must be made to dismantle the basis of suicide attacks through addressing religious alienation and antipathy against a civilization using the notions similar to treatment of pathology considering psychological motives of suicide terrorists.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.149-175
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the character of Islamic fundamentalism and Middle-Ease Terrorism. The aim of Islamic fundamentalism is reconstruction of Ummah(Muslim Unity), thee early society of Muhammad's age. Islamic movement insist to restore the spirit of Islam and purify the society of Islam from the United State and Western world. Now, Islamic fundamentalism movement as a new ideology, appeals to muslim in the world. The concept of modern national state from the Western countries do not accord with the traditional Islamic principles of reign and a spirit of nationalism. On the other hand, Islamic movement have no legitimacy in the system of modern state which govern the Arab world, regardless of the form of government. For this reasons, Islamic fundamentalist have an insecure position and their political activities. It is yet far from their purpose, to reconstruct the muslim unity, to realize the Islamic political principle close to their practical methods. Yet Islamic fundamental movement have not overcome the system of secular state. The Middle East terrorism supported by government might be eradicated by America's anti-terrorism policy. However, it will be serious and spread all over the world that the terrorist attack against the U. S. and western countries is acted by militant warriors of Islamic fundamentalism, uniting Arab and Islamic people's emotions against America and western countries. There are some reasons that we need to focus on the Arab and Islamic fundamentalism. We need to get out of misunderstanding and discrimination about Islamic religion and culture from America's and Western' standard Which are only their new world order. The discrimination of America and western nations against muslim could make other ideologies, opposite to the world peace. There are a lot of foreign workers from Islam countries in Korea. We need to give consideration and attention to them for the our globalization and world peace. It is time to consider what to do for the nation's profit(economical, political, strategic)with right understanding. We are not safe and free from the terrorism yet.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.517-534
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• 2007

Since the beginning of human society, there have always been struggles and competitions for survival and prosperity, terrorism is not a recent phenomenon, however in modern times it has progressed to reflect the advances in civilization and power structures. At the time of the 9.11 terrorist attacks in the U.S. A., a new world order was in the process of being established after the breakdown of the Cold War era. The attacks drove both the Western and the Islamic worlds into heightened fear of terrorism and war, which threatened the quality of life of the whole mankind. Through two war campaigns against the Islamic world, it seems the U.S. has been pushing its own militaristic security road map of the Greater Middle East democratic initiative, justifying it as a means to retaliate and eradicate the terrorist threats towards themselves. However, with its five-year lopsided victories that cost the nation almost four thousand military casualties, and the war expenses that could match the Vietnam war, the U.S. does not yet seem to be totally emancipated from the fears of terrorism. Terrorism, in itself, is a means of resisting forced rules a form of alternative competition by the weak against the strong, and a way of expressing a dismissive response against dictatorial ideas or orders which allow for no normal changes. Intrinsically, the nature of terrorism is a reaction opposing power logics. Confronted with the absolute military power of the U.S., the Islamic strategies of terrorism have begun to rapidly evolve into a new stage. The new strategies take advantage of their civilization and circumstances, they train and inspire their front-line fighters on the Internet, and issue their orders through the clandestine network of the Al Qaeda operatives. These spontaneously generated strategies have been gained speed among the second, and third Islamic generations, many of whom are now spread throughout western societies. This represents a failure of the power-driven, one-sided overseas security initiatives by the U.S., and is creating a culture of fear and distrust in western societies. It is feared that the U.S. war campaigns have made the clash of religions far worse than before, and may ever lead to global ethnic separations and large-scale population movements. Eventually, it may result in the terrorist groups, enlarged and secretly supported by the huge sums of oil money, driving all mankind into a series of irreparable catastrophes.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.549-567
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• 2007

In the post-Cold war world, the threat of terrorism is emerging as the most formidable challenge. The terrorist attacks including 9.11 World Trade Center attack have proved such challenge. It has become apparent that no country is safe from the scourage of terrorism. The region of the southeast Asia is no exception to this trend. The Bali bombing of 2002, killing about 200 innocent people, demonstrated that the threat environment had significantly altered. Today, local and regional groups such as Jemiah Islamiah can conduct terrorist operations as devastating as those carried out by Al Qaeda. As fighting terrorism is a complex multi-dimensional task, the responsibility for fighting terrorism must not rest with a single government. The burden must be shared by both the local governments and international communities. In addition, To prevent another bombing of the scale of Bali, countries in the region of southeast Asia must respond decisively. The purpose of this study is to examine the current situation on terrorism in the southeast Asia and to provide perspectives on future terrorism in this region. To foster the better understanding, historical survey on the terrorism in the region and local terrorist groups' network with the foreign terrorist organizations including Al Qaeda have been researched. Based on the result of the research, this paper provides a perspectives and evaluation on the future terrorism in the southeast Asia. It also provides an implications for our reference in the war against terrorism.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.42
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• pp.277-308
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• 2015

Recently the Japanese hostage crisis with Syria, the stake of the pilots IS of the terror group's affiliates like Kim incident occurred while urinarado IS not an exception anymore in connection with terrorism will not be able to do. In addition, particularly against terrorist groups worldwide, IS being a hero has been marginalized and wants uncritical drugs aimed at teens, such as dialog or game IS through SNS joined nationals as well as other countries, while recommending domestic complaints until the people power or luck, put the older brother can sign up for any terror group IS the terrorist group's terrorist acts while making the environment a national mark by foreigners or immigrants can be caused by the situation. Therefore, in this study, this IS serious for the terrorist acts of the terrorist group, IS due to the expansion of the domestic terrorist group caused the terror raids of about the dangers of foreign countries to review the case, and the incident has sought ways to prevent and respond to the rapporteur. The result IS due to the expansion of the domestic terrorist group caused the terror raids of the dangers of sex exists and that causes a response to the implements are as follows. First of all, IS brokering for the site of the terrorist group's approach to counter-terrorism Act will be a, and the next, each agency and terror for the information exchange and cooperation and serves as a reexamination of terror occurred through the quick and appropriate measures should be the language. Finally, the duties related to terrorism for teens, especially education and strengthen the safety program development and against terrorism should be carried out.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.45
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• pp.107-127
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• 2015

The Chinese urge for the imperial power is a major threat to the today's peaceful international order. Such arrogant and delusional goal could be the very critical obstacle against the Korean security and national interests due to the geographical proximity. Today, the interesting dynamic of Uyghur nationalism, Uyghur terrorism, and the oppressive Chinese state terrorism could provide an meaningful prediction for the situation that the Korean nation may face in the future. In this regard, the present paper describes the interaction between Uyghur nationalism, Uyghur terrorism, and the Chinese state terrorism. The today's terrorism is a multi-dimensional security matter in that national independence, political and economic discrimination, non-state terrorism, and the hegemony competition among superpowers are intricately interrelated. Uyghur terrorism and related matter tend to show the nature of today's terrorism as a multi-dimensional security matter.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.47
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• pp.85-117
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• 2016

These days, ISIS terrorists have been expanding not only to european countries, but also to asian countries so South Korea is no longer safe from terrorists' attacks. Especially, 'soft target terrorism' makes many people maximizing fear of terrorism because it is caused by small groups - those who are armed with small arms and light weapons - and they are able to carry out hit and run attacks on civilian targets. It poses even more dangerous to kill massively. That is why November 2015 Paris attacks and January 2016 Jakarta attacks killed and injured many people because of 'soft target terrorism.' Therefore, the South Korea has also recognized the seriousness of terrorism by ISIS. The study has shown the precautionary measures about 'soft target terrorism' and how to defend against 'soft target terrorism' by looking through overseas examples. It is for the possibilities of 'soft terrorism' in South Korea because of the expansion of ISIS. As a result, 'soft target terrorism', caused by ISIS, could happen in South Korea. The counterplan is as in the following. First of all, 'soft target terrorism', which is collaborated with ISIS and domestic terrorists, could be caused by negative awareness of foreign residents and xenophobia so the public should change stereotypes about the foreign residents and there should be legislation about racial discrimination enacted by parliament and the government must practice the law. Second, the Korean anti-terrorism laws should be modified to minimize violations of human rights, related to the Korean citizens' personal information, and to stop the concentration of power into the hands of one law enforcement. Third, the government has to develop and to initiate the refuge&evacuation simulation, which prepares for 'soft target terrorism' and minimizes the damages if terrorists attack hot spots like central commercial areas or event halls.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.185-212
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• 2014

This research examines the decentralization of al-Qaida and other Salafi-jihadist terrorist groups, which is a subject of intense debate in the West. Especially, this study focused on investigating the status and evolution of al Qa'ida and other two Salafi-jihadist groups, Boko Haram and the Islamic States. These terrorist groups are currently considered as the most active Salafi-jihadist terrorist groups leading today's decentralization from Al-Qaida central terrorism network. This study also aims to examine the contemporary threats posed by the two extremely violent jihadist terrorist groups and these groups's terrorist networks. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, this study conducted content analyses with a wide range of documents reporting about Salafi-jihadist terrorists groups. Also this study utilized GTD data set drwan from START centner to provide descriptive analyses regarding IS and Boko Haram's activities and threats. On the basis of analyses, this study argues that recently the threats posed by core al Qaida has been severely weakened. Further, the broader Salafi-jihadist movement has become more decentralized among four tiers: first, core al Qaida in Pakistan; second, formal al Qa'ida affiliated groups that have sworn allegiance to core al Qaida; a number of Salafi-jihadist groups that have committed to establishing an extremist Islamic emirate without sworn allegiance to al Qaida; third, individual followers and networks inspired by al Qaida and other Salafi-jihadist groups. In concusion and discussion, this study highlights the need for a long-term engagement counter terrorism strategy against Salifi-jihadist terrorists groups on behalf of the peace and security of the world society.