• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.23-32
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• 2014

Even though Islamic microfinance has flourished in the last two decades, still it faces some problems related to its sustainability and outreach. Market orientation has generally developed some strategies for organizations aiming to retain the current customers and attract new ones. In addition, organizations, which are addressed as Islamic, should be Shariah-compliant in all aspects. This paper introduces the market orientation concept which is adapted to Shariah rules and recommends a solution for sustainability problems of Islamic microfinance institutions. Current study tries to provide some intangible instances and evidences to introduce and use Islamic market orientation concept for Islamic microfinance institutions, in particular.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.841-850
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• 2021

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between bank capital, efficiency, and risk in Islamic banks. We use data from 129 Islamic banks in the world, retrieved from various data sources. We retrieved specific banking data from Moody's Analytics BankFocus and Thomson Reuters Eikon, while data at the country level was obtained from the World Bank website. This study uses various estimates both Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Square) and Random Effect (RE). However, to overcome the issue of serial correlation which could cause bias in the results of the study, we used fixed-effect (FE) cluster estimates. The research results confirm the previous findings that bank capital positively affects bank stability (natural logarithm of Z-Score) and negatively affects credit risk (loan loss provision to total liabilities). The findings also show that efficiency has the same effect. The interaction test of bank capital and efficiency shows that efficiency encourages banks to reduce risk, including when bank capital is relatively lower. This finding is expected to have implications for the authorities to boost bank efficiency in addition to establishing several regulations related to capital. The efficiency implemented by the bank will encourage banks to act prudently so that the bank can maintain its performance through risk mitigation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.683-692
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• 2020

The primary purpose of the study is to investigate the volatility spillovers from global economic policy uncertainty and macroeconomic factors to the Islamic stock market returns. The study focuses on the Islamic stock indices of emerging economies including Indonesia, Malaysia, and Turkey. The Macroeconomic factors are industrial production, consumer price index, exchange rate. EGARCH model is employed for investigation of volatility spillovers. The results show that the global economic policy uncertainty has a significant spillover effect only on the returns of Turkish Islamic stock index. Similarly, the shocks in macroeconomic factors have little influence on the volatility of Islamic indices returns. The volatility of Indonesian and the Turkish Islamic stock indices returns is not influenced from the fluctuations in macroeconomic factors. However, there is significant volatility spillover only from industrial production to the returns of Malaysian Islamic index. The results suggest that the Islamic stock markets are less likely to influence from the global economic policies and macroeconomic factors. The stability of Islamic stocks provide opportunity for diversification of portfolios, particularly in stressed market conditions. The major price factors of Islamic markets could be firms' specific factors or investors' behaviors. The findings are helpful for policy makers and investors in formulating policies and portfolios.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.355-363
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• 2021

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the cognitive effect of Islamic religiosity and budget control in reducing budgetary slack behavior. This study involved 176 managers as respondents in 10 local companies in Eastern Indonesia. Managers who are respondents in thus study work and are spread across 14 provinces in Indonesia. Probability sampling method has been used for this study from the total population with certain criteria. Data analysis has been done using Warp PLS-SEM technique. The results showed that Islamic religiosity cognitive and budget control had a direct negative effect on budgetary slack behavior. The two variables also fully mediate the relationship between participatory budgeting and budget-based compensation schemes on the behavior of budgetary slack in a negative and significant way. These results mean that the two variables are proven to reduce budgetary slack behavior. This empirical evidence at the same time corrects the agency theory's assumptions about opportunistic human nature and always maximizes every potential economic profit. In addition, the results also show that Islamic religiosity cognitive is stronger in reducing budgetary slack behavior. These results can be used to improve the company's budget control system by incorporating elements that motivate religious goals so that it is more effective in reducing budgetary slack behavior.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.413-420
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• 2021

The study aims to measures the service quality of Islamic banking in Malaysia from non-Malaysian customers' perspective based on the six different dimensions of the SERVQUAL model, namely, Shariah, assurance, reliability, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness. This study surveyed 100 non-Malaysian respondents from 25 different countries who have first-hand experience with Islamic banking services in Malaysia. The collected data were analysed by using the SPSS v23 for reliability analysis and descriptive statistics. The results indicates that customers' impressions of Islamic banks' service quality in Malaysia did not meet their standards. The independent variables, namely, compliance, assurance, reliability and empathy have positively affected customer satisfaction, while two dimensions, namely, tangibility and responsiveness does not significantly influence non-Malaysian customer satisfaction in the Islamic banking system in Malaysia. The findings of the study suggested that the Islamic banks should develop and obey the customer perception's policy by following customers' expectations and the results are also expected to include recommendations for improving the level of satisfaction of the Islamic banking system's foreign clients in Malaysia. Since this study was limited to Islamic banks in Malaysia, the findings may not be applicable to other traditional banks.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.725-735
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• 2021

This study investigates whether the Islamic Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) provide significant benefit to investors relative to conventional ETFs. Six pairs of Islamic and conventional ETFs with 10-year daily price data from 2010 to 2019 have been selected from major market indices like MSCI World Index, MSCI Emerging Markets, MyETF Dow Jones Islamic Market Malaysia, MSCI South East Asia and Wahed FTSE Shariah USA Index for this study. For ETFs that are launched after 2010, the price data from launch date to 2019 are used. Our results show: First, Islamic ETFs are more likely to trade at a premium rather than at a discount, implying the investors are willing to pay a premium. Second, it is also found that Islamic ETFs have a relatively shorter period of price deviation from the benchmark, implying more price stability. Third, conventional ETFs have higher return and lower tracking errors relative to Islamic ETFs. These new findings add to the stylized facts of Islamic ETFs in the extant literature for investors, plan sponsors and regulators as to the differences between the ETFs. As policy suggestion, asset management companies can design new investment products to bridge the gap between conventional and Islamic finance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

The implications of bank-specific risks and macroeconomic risks on the growth, profitability, and stability of Islamic and conventional banks are examined and compared in this article. The study also investigates whether corporate governance mitigates the effects of both bank-specific and macroeconomic risks on Islamic and conventional banks' development, profitability, and stability. For the period 2007-2019, we examined a panel data set of 22 banks in Pakistan, including both Islamic and conventional banks. We discovered considerable evidence that both bank-specific risks and macroeconomic risks have negative effects on the growth, profitability, and stability of Pakistani banks using a dynamic panel data estimator, the two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach. Furthermore, the findings show that bank-specific and macroeconomic risks have different consequences in both types of banking. The impacts of liquidity risk, operational risk, capital risk, inflation risk, and exchange rate risk are higher for Islamic banks than for conventional banks. Conventional banks, on the other hand, are more vulnerable to credit risk and interest rate risk. Finally, the findings show that good corporate governance reduces the negative consequences of both categories of risks on bank development, profitability, and stability. This is true for Islamic and conventional banks alike.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.515-521
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• 2021

The popularity of Islamic financial instruments among Muslims is not surprising. The Islamic capital market is where sharia-compliant financial assets are transacted. It works parallel to the conventional market and helps investors find sharia-compliant investment opportunities. At a time of collective confusion when the COVID-19 epidemic is contributing to unprecedented change, this paper is keen to understand how attractive conventional and Islamic stock markets have been to investors recently. Second, this paper takes advantage of the time-scale decomposition property of the wavelet to simultaneously capture risk exposure and distinguish the risks faced by short- and long-term investors. To this end, this research conducted a two-step investigation of the daily closing equity market price indices for three Islamic stock markets and their conventional counterparts. Given that different financial decisions occur with greater or less frequency, the paper examines the connectedness of stock markets operating at heterogeneous rates and identifies the timescales using wavelet-DCC-GARCH analysis to take account of both the time and the frequency domains of stock market connectedness. The paper findings highlight the strong evidence of contagion that can be seen in nearly all conventional stock markets in the COVID-19 pandemic; they reach a high level of dependency in such health crises. Furthermore, Islamic stock markets prove to be a rich ground for global diversification.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.1053-1064
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• 2020

This study aims to determine the perceptions of Islamic Financial Cooperative (BMT) managers in the Indonesian BMT Association on the acceptance of core banking technology. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is used because it has simple theoretical characteristics (parsimony) and is supported by data (verifiability). This study develops the TAM model by integrating new variables -perceptions of maqashid sharia, perceptions of economies of scale, perceptions of market structure, and perceptions of technology procurement costs. These new variables are used to measure intention in using technology and actual usage in BMT operations. This study used PLS-SEM with smartPLS 3. The study was conducted in Central Java in six ex-Residency at 35 BMT with 300 respondents consisting of six levels of position level. The research found that maqashid sharia and market structure directly influenced the intention of BMT managers in using core banking technology. This new finding strengthens a theoretical model regarding the role of maqashid sharia in the acceptance of information technology in BMT. In addition, the perception of economies of scale has no significant effect on intention in using technology or its actual usage. The perception variable of technology procurement costs was found to have no significant effect on intention in using technology.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.999-1007
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the influence of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior and the effect of knowledge sharing on job crafting. Furthermore, the roles of knowledge sharing as a mediator for the impact of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior, and job crafting as a mediator for the relationship between variables, were also examined. This research employed quantitative analysis, including the PLS-SEM approach; SMART-PLS, a measurement and structural equation model was employed to explain the relationship between variables, and the effect of mediation. The population study consisted of all lecturers at the Faculty of Economics and Faculty of Economics and Business at the PTKIN in East Java, Indonesia, comprising 220 randomly-selected samples. The result showed spiritual leadership does not directly influence innovative work behavior, while knowledge sharing directly affects job crafting. The findings indicated knowledge sharing mediates the impact of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior, and the role of job crafting as a mediator for the relationship between variables was accepted. Therefore, this research confirms a positive influence of knowledge sharing on job crafting, and indicates both factors play an important role in mediating between variables, and are important for lecturers' innovative work behavior.