• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2007

In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBB) (total terpene trilactones, 13 ${\pm}$ 3%; biflavone, 4.5 ${\pm}$ 1.5%; flavonol glycoside, < 8%; proanthocyanidine, under detection limit) on ischemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury in the rats. Ischemia was induced by the intraluminal occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 2 h and reperfusion was continued for 22 h. GBB was orally administered, promptly prior to reperfusion and 2 h after. Total infarction volume in the ipsilateral hemispheres of ischemia-reperfusion rats were significantly reduced by treatment with GBB in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The therapeutic time window of GBB was 3 h in this ischemia-reperfusion rat model. Furthermore, GBB also significantly inhibited increased neutrophil infiltration of ischemic brain tissue, as estimated by myeloperoxidase activity. These findings suggest that GBB plays a crucial protective role in ischemia-induced brain injury, in part, via inhibition of neutrophil infiltration, and suggest that this GBB could serve as a neuroprotective agent following transient focal ischemic brain injury.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2009

Objectives: We tried to clarify the relationship between lifestyle and plasma homocysteine concentration. We analyzed the data of patients with acute ischemic stroke from the Hanbang stroke registry supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea. Methods: 458 subjects were recruited from the patients admitted to the Internal Medical Department of Kyunghee University oriental medical center, Dongguk University Ilsan oriental medical center, Kyungwon University Songpa oriental medical center and Kyungwon University Incheon oriental medical center from April 2007 to August 2008. We divided the subjects into four groups by quartiles of plasma homocysteine concentrations and compared the first and last quartile groups. Results: 1. In univariate analysis, the high homocysteine concentration group showed higher rate of older age, male gender, smoking, drinking and lower values in vitamin B12, folic acid, creatinine than the control group with statistical significance. 2. In multivariate analysis, older age, male gender smoking and folic acid showed a close relationship with statistical significance (each OR=3.620, OR=4.218, OR=3.558, OR=0.789). Conclusions: According to the analysis, the relationship between high homocysteine concentration and smoking in patients with acute ischemic stroke were clarified. We hope to standardize and establish criteria on homocysteine in Korea by large epidemiological survey. These study results could be utilized in the future as a basis material.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.728-734
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• 1997

Plasma carotenoid levels were compared among 64 healthy male subjects (control) and 38 patients of ischemic heart disease(IHD) and 20 ones of cerebral infarction(CI) all of whom were over 50years of age. Another 98 healthy male subjects aged 23 to 58 were selected to compare their plasma carotenoid levels by age groups, Levels of lutein ,zeaxanthin and crpytoxanthin were lower in IHD(34$\pm$2, 13$\pm$1 and 62$\pm$7$\mu g$/dl)and CI(36$\pm$3, 12$\pm$2 and 41$\pm$6$\mu g$/dl)patient groups than in control group (84$\pm$5, 16$\pm$2 and 69$\pm$3$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl) while those of lycopene, $\alpha$-and $\beta$-carotene varied little among the three groups. The sum of the six carotenoid levels were levels were, therefore,highest(205$\pm$14$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl) in the control group followed by IHD(155$\pm$15$\mu g$/dl) and CI(128$\pm$17$\mu g$/dl) patient groups, Among the 98 healthy male subject for the age group study, levels of the three major carotenoids increased with age from the twenties to the fifities ; lutein, from 64$\pm$6 to 89$\pm$8$\mu g$/dl, cryptoxanthin, 57$\pm$8 to 73$\pm$4$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl and $\beta$-carotene were more significantly correlated(r=0.30 to 0.61, p<0.01), whereas levels of lycopene and $\alpha$-caroteme were significantly(r=0.21 - 0.23, p<0.05) correlated. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 728~734, 1997)

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.331-335
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• 2023

혈액의 점도가 높아질수록 혈액은 더 끈적하고 흐름이 어려워지므로 혈전의 발생 가능성이 높아져 허혈성 뇌경색의 발생 확률이 증가한다. 혈액 점도 측정은 최근 순환기계 질환의 예방을 위하여 그 중요성이 강조되고 있으며 혈액의 점도를 쉽고 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 점도계의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 평행판 점도계 ARS-Medi에 의한 점도표준액과 인공혈액의 측정값들을 국제적으로 정확성과 신뢰성을 인정받는 TA instrument의 Ares-G2로 측정한 값들과 비교하였다.. 뉴턴성 용액인 N44 표준용액의 점도는 모든 전단율에서 두 기기 간에 거의 완벽하게 일치하였다, 비뉴턴성 용액인 인공혈액의 경우 가장 낮은 전단율인 1 rad/s 에서는 약 10%의 차이를 보였으나, 임상적으로 유의한 전단율인 10 rad/s 이상에서는 두 기기간의 측정값이 오차범위 내에서 모두 일치하였다. 우리는 새로 개발한 혈액 전용 평행판형 점도계 ARS-Medi가 1회용 평행판을 사용하므로 혈액 점도 측정의 편의성과 위생성이 향상되어 임상에 매우 유용할 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify whether pre-conditioning exercise has neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia, through enhance brain microvascular integrity. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) Normal (n=10); 2) Exercise (n=10); 3) Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), n=10); 4) Exercise+MCAo (n= 10). Both exercise groups ran on a treadmill at a speed of 15 m/min, 30 min/day for 4 weeks, then, MCAo was performed for 90 min. Brain infarction was measured by Nissl staining. Examination of the remaining neuronal cell after MCAo, and microvascular protein expression on the motor cortex, showed the expression of Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) & laminin. Results: After 48 hr of MCAo, the infarct volume was significantly reduced in the Ex+MCAo group ($15.6{\pm}2.7%$) compared to the MCAo group ($44.9{\pm}3.8%$) (p<.05), and many neuronal cells were detected in the Ex+ MCAo group ($70.8{\pm}3.9%$) compared to the MCAo group ($43.4{\pm}5.1%$) (p<.05). The immunoreactivity of laminin, as a marker of microvessels and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were intensively increased in the Ex+MCAo group compared to the MCAo group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of exercise pre-conditioning reduce ischemic brain injury through strengthening the microvascular integrity after cerebral ischemia.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2000

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate that Sunghyangjeongki-San which has been frequently medicated in the early stage of stroke can protect against ischemic damage in rat brain Methods : Extracellular levels of amino acids(glutamate, aspartate, GABA, glycine, taurine, tyrosine, alanine), organic acids(pyruvate, lactate), and cerebral infarction volume were measured at the striatum of rats subjected to permanant focal cerebral ischemia induced by 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occiusion(MCAO). Rats were orally administered with Sunghyangjeongki-San at 30mins before MCAO and the microdialysate was collected by intracerebral microdialysis three times before MCAO and six times after MCAO at 20mins interval and analyzed by HPLC. After a microdialysis study, the brain was sliced and stained with cresyl violet buffer for the measurement of cerebral infarcted area and volume by image analyzer system Results : The concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, and tyrosine known as excitatory neurotransmitters were significantly decreased in Sunghyangjeongki-San group compared with control group, The concentrations of GABA, glycine, taurine and alanine known as inhibitory neurotransmitters were significantly increased in Sunghyangjeongki-San group compared with control group. The concentrations of pyruvate and lactate showed little significant change in Sunghyangjeongki-San group compared with control group. The measurement of cerebral infarcted area and volume by image analyzer system were significantly decreased in Sunghyangjeongki-San group compared with control group. Conclusions : Sunghyangjeongki-San can affect on protecting against cerebral ischemia by regulating extracellular levels of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters and improve the conditions of the patients in the early stage of stroke.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1046-1048
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• 1999

A life-long anticoagulation for the prevention of ischemic cerebral events by thromboemboli has been conventionally introduced for the treatment of an atrial septal aneurysm. However, due to the recent decrease of the risks in the open heart surgery, the alternative therapeutic modality has been introduced for the prevention of complications of the anticoagulation. A 41-year old female with dizziness was admitted to our hospital. She was diagnosed a shaving atrial fibrillation and a cerebellar infarction, and an atrial septal aneurysm was detected by transesophagel echocardiography that was not detected by the transthoracic echocardiography. Surgery was approached to the right submammarial anterolateral thoracotomy. The atrial septal aneurysm was obliterated by a purse-string suture and plication. Surgial results were excellent with normal sinus rhythms and esthetically satisfying appearance.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2017

Background: Dementia is one of important social and economic healthcare issues in the aging age. Therefore, it signifies to analyze the relationship between chronic disease or cardiovascular drug use and the incidence of dementia to establish a basis for increasing or preventing the risk of dementia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the prevalence of chronic diseases and the use of cardiovascular drugs in patients diagnosed with dementia. Methods: In this study, we used data from sample of elderly patients from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We analyzed by logistic regression analysis with age, gender, and medication as covariates. KCD-7 was used to diagnosis of the disease, and drugs were analyzed using ATC codes and Korean standardized drug classification codes. Results: A total of 1,276,331 patients were analyzed in the sample of the elderly population, of which 532,075 (41.7%) were male and 744,256 (58.3%) were female. The patients have the higher risk of dementia in the older, women, and lower socioeconomically status. Cerebral infarction and ischemic heart disease increases risk of dementia. Patients taking statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB) showed low incidence of dementia. Conclusion: This study has been shown that ACEI, ARB, and statin drugs may associate with lower incidence of Alzheimer's and other dementia except vascular dementia.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.64-64
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• 2003

It is thought that highly reactive oxygen radicals generated at the ischemia-reperfusion in case of strokes play an important role in damaging the brain. We examined the neuroprotective effects from the several medicinal herbs in the transient ischemic rat model and compared their effects with the free radical scavenging activities. Transient ischemia was induced by intraluminal occusion of the right middle cerebral artety for 120 min and reperfusion was continued for 22 h in rats. The free radical scavenging properties of medicinal herbs were examined in vitro by determination of the interaction with the 1,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical. Aqueous extracts of 11 medicinal herbs (200 mg/kg) were orally administered, promptly prior to reperfusion and 2 h after reperfusion. Total infarction volume in the ipsilateral hemisphere of ischemia reperfusion rats was significantly lowered by the treatment of 7 medicinal herbs (Sophora flavescens, Lycopus lucidus, Sanguisorba officinalis, Caesalpinia sappan, Albizia julibrissin, Rubia akane, Psoralea corylifolia, Prunella vulgaris). However, all of these medicinal herbs did not show antioxidative activities. These results suggest that neuroprotective effects of several drugs are not always correlated with their antioxidative properties.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.521-524
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• 2016

Use of the Pipeline embolization device (PED) has increased based on studies about its safety and effectiveness, and new reports that describe perior postprocedural complications are now emerging. We report a rare periprocedural device-related complication that occurred during endovascular treatment with the pipeline embolization device for a dissecting aneurysm on the vertebral artery. A 55-year old woman was admitted due to left medullary infarction, and angiography showed a fusiform dilatation in the left vertebral artery that was suspicious for dissecting aneurysm. Endovascular treatment with PED was planned. Under general anesthesia, the procedure was performed without significant problems and a PED was deployed in an appropriate position. However, in the final step of the procedure, the distal tip of the PED delivery wire became engaged within a small branch of the posterior cerebral artery and fractured. Fortunately, imaging studies after the procedure revealed neither hemorrhagic nor ischemic stroke, and the patient recovered without neurological morbidities except initial symptoms.