• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate changes in quality of life (QoL) in patients with neurogenic bladder treated with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), who changed from a multiple use catheter (MUC) to single use catheter (SUC). Methods: The Modified Intermittent Self-Catheterization Questionnaire (mISC-Q) was used to determine potential changes in patients' QoL as a result of switching from MUC to SUC. The mISC-Q consists of questions within four categories: ease of use, convenience, discreetness, and symptomatic benefit. Answers were graded as Strongly agree (+2), Agree (+1), Not sure (0), Disagree (-1), and Strongly disagree (-2). Overall patient QoL, as well as by sex, disease (presence of augmentation cystoplasty), and catheterization route (via urethra or urinary diversion), were analyzed. Results: Thirty-eight patients (21M:17F; mean age: $21.7{\pm}5.3y$) submitted questionnaires. For ease of use, SUC was significantly better than MUC (score: 0.364, P=0.002) in all patients. Patients with catheterization via the urethra showed significant favor for SUC in ease of use (score: 0.512, P<0.001) and convenience (score: 0.714, P=0.011), but patients with catheterization via the abdominal stoma of urinary diversion gave negative scores in all categories, though no categories were significant. Conclusion: This study suggested that changing from MUC to SUC may lead to improvements in QoL, especially regarding ease of use. This benefit was clearly found in patients with catheterization via urethra rather than abdominal stoma of urinary diversion.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.300-305
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• 2011

The present study was investigated the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture at ST36 on learning and memory deficits after transient cerebral ischemia in a gerbil model. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (n=7 in each group): the sham operation group (SHAM), ischemia-induced and ST36 acupuncture group (ISC + ST36), and the ischemia-induced and Tail-acupuncture group (ISC + TAIL). For the acupuncture stimulation, stainless steel needles, 0.3 mm in diameter, were inserted bilaterally into the ST36 locus or the tail and stimulated for 1 min/day for 14 days. Using the Morris water maze test, the animals were tested on spatial learning and memory. In addition, the effects of acupuncture on memory storage and the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, in the hippocampal CA1 area, were investigated by ChAT immunohistochemistry. Transient cerebral ischemia produced impaired performance on the MWM test (DAY 5: p<0.01 and retention test: p<0.05) and severely decreased ChAT immunoreactivity in the CA1 hippocampal area compared to the SHAM group (p<0.05). However, improved learning and memory were observed (DAY 5: p<0.05 and retention test: p<0.01) as well as a significantly reduced loss of ChAT immunoactivity in the hippocampal CA1 region (p<0.001) after acupuncture stimulation at ST36 were observed. These results show that acupuncture at ST36 ameliorated the learning and memory deficits at least in part through the cholinergic system. The findings of this study provide potential data that acupuncture is useful for the treatment of some of the behavioral impairs of transient cerebral ischemia.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.443-454
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• 2007

Survey questionnaires were conducted on housewives under 60 who had bought an apartment in Daegu. The data used in this study is collected Dalseo-Gu, Soosung-Gu and Buk-Gu by means of cluster sampling and from those chosen samples I use convenience sampling. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The purpose of this study is to examine housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class closely in order to improve value of apartment and to provide housing plan of apartment supply which is distinguished by a social class and moreover, to achieve efficient marketing strategy according to a recent recognition that housing is a kind of commodities. Objective and subjective measure of value are used to classify a social class. Objective measure of value includes scale apartment, a form of possession, a price of apartment, an occupation of husband, family income and academic background and subjective measure of value includes the standard of living out of people's own head. These measure of value are classified by giving consequence to each item with reference to ISC (index of status characteristics) of Wanner. There is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class as a consequence of this study. Therefore, this study suggests repeatedly that it should need not standardized housing supply but apartment supply of diverse demand desire because there is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.912-917
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• 2001

In this study, we define the measuring method of crank angle precisely using an event and perform a study on the hardware structure and software algorithms which is applicable for the commercial engine. Also we developed a Computer-ECU(Personal computer based electronic control unit) using a computer and a microprocessor, for performing the ignition at a desire position(angle) and for controlling a duty ratio a pulse for ISC(Idle speed control). We applied these algorithms to the modeling which is induced a concept of event and got a better result than a conventional ECU in the state of transient as a result of performing air fuel ratio control in a commercial engine. This technique can be used for the back to improve ECU performance. It the present type of Hybrid I. C voltage regulator is altered to the new type of regulator, we will be surely able to reduce the production cost as well as simplify the design of alternator\`s rear bracket and rectifier part because of the removal of trio diode. Experiment is taken by MS-R004.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2003

A promoter that is inducible by paraquat and menadione, the superoxide generators, independently of soxRS has been found in front of the sufABCDSE operon in Escherichia coli. Based on the observation that SufA is a holomog of IscA that functions in the assembly of iron sulfur cluster and the sufA promoter (sufAp) contains a putative Fur-binding consensus, we investigated whether this gene is regulated by Fur, a ferric uptake regulator, When examined in several sufAp-lacZ chromosomal fusion strains, sufAp was induced by EDTA, an iron chelator and a well-known Fur-inducer, The basal level of sufA expression increased dramatically in fur mutant, suggesting repression of sufAp by Fur. The derepression in fur mutant and EDTA-induction of sufA expression required nucleotides up to -61, where a putative Fur box is located. Purified Fur protein bound to the DNA fragment containing the putative Fur box between -35 and -10 promoter elements. The regulation by Fur and menadione induction of sufAp acted independently. The rpoS mutation increased sufA induction by menadione, suggesting that the stationary sigma factor RpoS acts negatively on sufA induction.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.843-850
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• 2016

This paper introduces a novel modulation scheme for vehicular communication in taking advantage of existing LED lights available on a car. Our proposed 2-Phase Shift Keying (2-PSK) is a spatial modulation approach in which a pair of LED light sources in a car (either rear LEDs or front LEDs) is used as a transmitter. A typical camera (i.e. low frame rate at no greater than 30fps) that either a global shutter camera or a rolling shutter camera can be used as a receiver. The modulation scheme is a part of our Image Sensor Communication proposal submitted to IEEE 802.15.7r1 (TG7r1) recently. Also, a neural network approach is applied to improve the performance of LEDs detection and decoding under the noisy situation. Later, some analysis and experiment results are presented to indicate the performance of our system

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2000

As an energetic focused-ion beam(FIB) is irradiated on an inorganic amorphous thin film a majority of ions without a reflection at surface, is randomly collided with constituent atoms in thin film. but their distribution exhibits generally a systematic form of distribution. In our previous paper we reported the concentration distribution and the transmission per unit depth of Ga$^{+}$ ions penetrated int a-Se$_{75}$ /Ge$_{25}$ thin film using the LSS-based calculation. In this paper these simulated results are compared with those obtained by a conventional profile code(ISC) and a practical SIMS profile. Then the results of LSS-based calculation have only a small difference with those of code and SIMS Especially. in the case of Ga$^{+}$-FIB with an accelerating energy of 15keV. the depth of the maximum ion concentration is coincident with each other in an error range of $\pm$5$\AA$.EX>.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.151-160
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• 2018

Waxes currently used as a coating material to preserve surfaces of outdoor iron sculptures tend to face lower coating strength and efflorescence due to the aging from air pollution and acid rains. Consequently, they are subjected to repeated corrosions shortly after the treatment. And the sculptures face the problem losing their original nature because of the changes of colors and lusters, so this convergence study aims at developing wax with better performance than the existing materials. For this reason, the study identified the effects of physical property using the environmental experiments such as the tests of salt spray and gas corrosion as well as the analysis of luster level and thermo-gravimetry. As this study result, the developed ISC wax showed the excellent blocking effect from salt water and coating durability more than five times compared with the existing waxes, better acid resistance by two-four times, sun block effect by 2-10 times, improved luster variance by 3-16 times, improved thermo-stability and durability by 0.5-5 times, and therefore demonstrating far better coating effect than the existing waxes. In the light of these findings, this study contributes for this new development which can replace the existing waxes used so far in order to preserve the outdoor iron sculptures.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3740-3747
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• 2009

To protect the citizens' health of Gyeongju and to secure basic data for the assessment of health and environmental risk, distribution characteristics of meteorological elements were investigated and numerical simulation of wind field using RAMS model was carried out. In addition, measurement and analysis of air pollutants, forecasting the behavior air pollutants using ISC-AEROMOD view, and health and environmental risk-influenced zones were defined through managing air polluting materials to prevent health damage and property damage. According to the survey results of air pollution in Gyeongju and surroundings, average annual concentration of air pollutants in Gyeongju was slightly lower than that in Pohang and Ulsan areas, but concentration of particulate matters and nitrogen dioxide at Gyeongju Station Square and Yonggang Crossing were sometimes higher than that in Pohang and Ulsan areas. Results of the modeling of moving and diffusion of air pollutants that affect citizens' health showed that parts of the 1st through 4th industrial complexes together with POSCO were included in particulate matters and sulfur dioxide influenced areas in Pohang Steel Complex area, and that Haedo-dong, Sangdae-dong, Jecheol-dong and Jangheung-dong in Pohangnam-gu represented locally worsened air quality due to a quantity of air pollutant emission from dense steel industries and large scale industrial facilities.

• Solar Energy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.62-78
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• 1992

The solar cells of $ITO_{(n)}/Si_{(p)}$, which are ITO thin films deposited and heated on Si wafer 190[$^{\circ}C$], were fabricated by two source vaccum deposition method, and their electrical properties were investigated. Its maximum output is obtained when the com- position of the thin film consist of indium oxide 91[mole %] and thin oxide 9[mole %]. The cell characteristics can be improved by annealing but are deteriorated at temperature above 600[$^{\circ}C$] for longer than 15[min]. Also, we investigated the spectral response with short circuit current of the cells and found that the increasing of the annealing caused the peak shifted to the long wavelength region. And by experiment of the X-ray diffraction, it is shown to grow the grains of the thin film with increasment of annealing temperature. The test results from the $ITO_{(n)}/Si_{(p)}$ solar cell are as follows. short circuit current : Isc= 31 $[mW/cm^2]$ open circuit voltage : Voc= 460[mV] fill factor : FF=0.71 conversion efficiency : ${\eta}$=11[%]. under the solar energy illumination of $100[mW/cm^2]$.