• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2014

자연 감염된 담배가루이로부터 곤충병원성진균을 분리 동정하고, 이 균주에 대하여 배양특성, 자연발병 요인, 그리고 주요 온실해충인 담배가루이, 점박이응애, 대만총채벌레에 대한 살충력을 검정하였다. 분리 균주의 형태적 특성은 직립한 분생자병에 윤생으로 호리병 형태의 4-6개 phialide를 지녔고, 분생포자의 크기는 $3.0-3.4{\mu}m$ 이었다. 분리 균주의 rDNA의 ITS영역 염기서열 분석에서 Isaria fumosorosea (AF461747)와는 99%의 높은 염기서열 유사도를 보였다. Potato dextrose agar, Sabouraud maltose agar+yeast extract 그리고 Sabouraud dextrose agar+yeast extract 배지에서 IFs 균주는 $24^{\circ}C$의 SDAY 배양에서 균사 성장이 가장 양호하였으며, $15^{\circ}C$보다는 $35^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 균사 성장이 좋았다. I. fumosorosea IFs-08, -09 균주는 담배가루이에 대하여 각각 96.7, 93.9%의 높은 살충율을 보였으며, 점박이응애(92.0, 84.9%) 그리고 대만총채벌레(84.4, 81.5%)에서도 80-90%정도의 살충율을 보인 반면 KACC로부터 분양받은 Isaria tenuipes, Isaria farinosa, Isaria fumosorosea 균주들은 10-20% 내외의 낮은 살충율을 나타내었다.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2014

Entomopathogenic fungi are promising pest-control agents but their industrial applicability is limited by their thermosusceptibility. With an aim to increase the thermotolerance of Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198, moisture absorbents were added to dried conidial powder, and the relationship between its water potential and thermotolerance was investigated. Mycotized rice grains were dried at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, and $40^{\circ}C$ and the drying effect of each temperature for 24, 48, 96, and 140 hr was determined. Drying for 48 hr at $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ reduced the moisture content to < 5% without any significant loss of conidial thermotolerance, but drying at $30^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ reduced both moisture content and conidial thermotolerance. To maintain thermotolerance during storage, moisture absorbents, such as calcium chloride, silica gel, magnesium sulfate, white carbon, and sodium sulfate were individually added to previously dried-conidial powder at 10% (w/w). These mixtures was then stored at room temperature for 30 days and subjected to $50^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. The white carbon mixture had the highest conidial thermotolerance, followed by silica gel, magnesium sulfate, and then the other absorbents. A significant correlation between the water potential and conidial thermotolerance was observed in all conidia-absorbent mixtures tested in this study (r = -0.945). Conidial thermotolerance in wet conditions was evaluated by adding moisturized white carbon (0~20% $H_2O$) to conidia to mimic wet conditions. Notably, the conidia still maintained their thermotolerance under these conditions. Thus, it is evident that conidial thermotolerance can be maintained by drying mycotized rice grains at low temperatures and adding a moisture absorbent, such as white carbon.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2013

온실가루이(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)는 온실에서의 경제적 주요 해충으로, 직접적으로는 작물을 흡즙 가해하여 영양분고갈로 작물을 고사시키고 간접적으로는 많은 식물바이러스를 매개한다. 이러한 온실가루이를 방제하기 위해 최근에 다양한 합성 농약을 사용하고 있지만, 농약의 오남용으로 인해 온실가루이 개체의 저항성이 높아지고 환경오염을 초래하는 문제가 있다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 극복하고자 온실가루이 사충으로부터 분리된 곤충병원성 곰팡이의 생물학적 특성과 살충성을 조사하였다. 분리된 곤충병원성 곰팡이는 형태학적 조사와 ITS, ${\beta}$-tubulin, EF1-${\alpha}$ 영역의 염기서열을 이용한 분자생물학적 동정을 통하여 Isaria fumosorosea로 동정하였고, I. fumosorosea SDTv로 명명하였다. 그리고 I. fumosorosea SDTv의 온실가루이 약충에 대한 살충력과 포자의 고온, UV-B 안정성, 저온발아력에 대하여 조사 하였다. 살충력 검정은 실험실 조건에서 온실가루이 약충에 대하여 다양한 포자 농도($1{\times}10^5$ - $10^8$ conidia/ml)로 접종한 결과, 7일차에서 84-100%의 살충력을 보였으며 포자 농도가 증가할수록 살충력도 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 분리 균주의 포자는 $35^{\circ}C$에서 그리고 0.1 $J/cm^2$ UV-B 조사에 대하여 비교적 안정적이었으며, $4^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 8일차부터 발아하였다. 또한, I. fumosorosea SDTv의 배지에 따른 chitinases와 proteases의 생산 활성을 비교한 결과 배지에 따라 다른 효소 생산 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 온실가루이에 대하여 높은 살충력을 보인 I. fumosorosea SDTv는 온실가루이에 대한 종합적 해충 방제 방법에 있어 효과적인 방제수단의 일환이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국균학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
• /
• pp.13-13
• /
• 2016

Insects constitute the largest and most diverse group of animals in the world. They also serve as the hosts or nutrient sources for an immense assemblage of pathogens, parasites, and predators. More than 700 fungal species from 100 genera have adopted an entomopathogenic lifestyle. Although entomopathogenic fungi were studied as only biocontrol agents against a variety of pests in various countries, it has been recently focused their additional roles in nature. They are antagonists to/against plant pathogens, endophytes, and possibly even plant growth promoting agents. The potential antimicrobial effect against fungal plant pathogens by an isolate of entomopathogenic fungi including Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium spp., and Isaria fumosorosea have been reported since late 1990s, but wasn't reported pathogenicity of the isolate against pests. Later, a Canadian Lecanicillium sp. isolate and L. longisporium isolated from Vertalec$^{(R)}$ showed simultaneous control effect against both aphid and cucumber powder mildew. Therefore, the antimicrobial activities of 342 fungi isolates collected from various regions and conditions in Korea were evaluated against plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea using dual culture technique on agar plate. As a result, 186 isolates (54.4%) shown the antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The culture filtrates of selected fungi completely suppressed the growth of the microorganisms, indicating that suppression was due to the presence of antimicrobial substances in the culture filtrate. Mode of action of these fungi against insect involves the attachment of conidia to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, cuticle penetration, and internal dissemination throughout the insect. During infection process, secreted enzymes, proteinous toxins, and/or secondary metabolites secreted by entomopathogenic fungi can be used to overcome the host immune system, modify host behavior, and defend host resources. Recently, secondary metabolites isolated from entomopathogenic fungi have been reported as potential bioactive substances. Generally, most of bioactive substances produced by entomopathogenic fungi have reported low molecular weight (lower than 1,000 g/mol) as peptide and, in contrast the high molecular weight fungal bioactive substances are rare. Most substances based on entomopathogenic fungi were shown antimicrobial activity with narrow control ranges. In our study we analyzed the antimicrobial substances having antagonistic effects to B. cinerea. Antimicrobial substances in our fungal culture filtrates showed high thermostability, high stability to proteolytic enzymes, and hydrophilicity and their molecular weights were differed from substance. In conclusion, entomopathogenic fungi showed pathogenicity against insect pests and culture filtrate of the fungi also shown to antimicrobial activity. In the future, we can use the entomopathogenic fungi and its secondary metabolites to control both insect pest control and plant pathogenic fungi simultaneously.