• Title/Summary/Keyword: Irritation test

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A Study on Ocular and Skin Irritation Test of EPO(Erythropoietin) (토끼에서 EPO(Erythropoietin)의 안점막자극성 및 피부자극성시험)

  • 강병철;남정석;제정환;이석만;양재만;이학모;박재학;송동호;유선희
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.13 no.1_2
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    • pp.149-152
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    • 1997
  • This test was performed to evaluate the ocular and skin irritation of EPO (Erythropoietin). The results as follows: 1. Ocular irritation test There were no observed clinical signs, body weght changes by EPO during experimental period. The acute ocular irritation index(A.O.I.), mean ocular irritation index(M.O.I.) and Day-7 individual ocular irritation index(I.O.I.) of EPO at dose of 1000U and 10, 000U were 0, respectively. Therefore we evaluated that EPO was non-toxic to eyes. 2. Skin irritation test There were no observed clinical signs, body weght changes and gross pathologic findings by EPO during experimental period. There were no observed erythema, eschar formation and edema formation on intact and abraded skin treated by EPO. The primary irritation index(P.I.I.) of EPO at dose of 1000U and 10, 000U were 0, respectively and were evaluated none irritating product about skin irritation.

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A Study on Local Irritation Test of Bee Venom for Herb-Acupuncture (약침용(藥鍼用) 봉독액(蜂毒液)의 국소독성시험(局所毒性試驗)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Jong-Seok;Koh, Hyung-Kyun;Kim, Chang-Hwan
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.16 no.1 s.29
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    • pp.227-249
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    • 1995
  • Pursuant to the Medical Product Safety Administration Guidelines for safety assessment of Korean bee vonom for herb-acupuncture, rabbits were used for skin, eye balls, subcutaneous and muscle irritation test. The results were as follows; 1. The skin irritation test of bee venom for herb-acupuncture did not produce any irritation reactions, when the skin was covered with bee venom. 2. The eye irritation test produced moderate to severe stimulating reactions, once the eye mucous membrane was contacted with bee venom. 3. The subcutaneous and muscle irritation test of bee venom showed such local inflammatory reactions as death of cells, infiltration of inflamed cells, dropsical swelling, and congestion, once injected under the skin and in the muscle. As the results of the study on bee venom for herb-acupuncture indicate that severe reactions in such tests as eye balls, subcutancous and muscle irritation exist in the laboratory, more professional caution should be taken in clinical application of the therapy. In addition, further study on subacute, chronic toxicity and allergy reactions should be pursued.

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Eye Irritation, Skin Irritation and Skin Sensitization Tests for Aloewhite in Animals (Aloewhite의 안점막 및 피부에 대한 국소자극시험)

  • 김형식;곽승준;김규봉;이승기;박현선;홍채영;안미영;조태형;오선택
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.53-58
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    • 1996
  • Eye irritation, primary skin irritation and skin sensitization tests for Aloewhite were tested in New Zealand White rabbits and Hartley guinea pig. In primary skin irritation test of male New Zealand White rabbits, body weights were not significantly changed and Primary Irritation Index (PII) was O.47, indicating Aloewhite as mildly irritating material. In ocular irritation test, any injury on iris, conjunctival membrane, and cornea in New Zealand White rabbits was not observed. No injuries of the ocular mucous membrane were also recorded. Skin sensitization was tested in guinea pig after intradermal and epicutaneous induction and graded 1 with zero % sensitization rate. These results indicate that Aloewhite was not considered to be irritant in test organs of animals.

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Risk Assessment of Persicaria nepalensis Extract by Skin Irritation, Ocular Irritation, and Maximization Tests for Delayed Hypersensitivity (산여뀌 추출물의 피부자극, 안점막 자극 및 피부감작성에 대한 위해성 평가)

  • Yang, Woong-Suk;Park, Jin-Sik;Lee, Jae-Yong;Hwang, Cher-Won
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.249-256
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    • 2017
  • In this study, we evaluated the potential of 70% ethanol extract from Persicaria nepalensis (PNE) as a cosmetic ingredient by primary skin irritation, ocular irritation, and maximization tests for delayed hypersensitivity in New Zealand white rabbits and Hartley guinea pig. Skin safety study was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of PNE using the primary irritation test. In the primary irritation test, 50% PNE was applied to the skin, and no adverse reactions such as erythema and edema were observed at the intact skin sites. Therefore, PNE was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on a primary irritation index of "0.0.". In the ocular irritation test, the 50% PNE applied did not show any adverse reactions in the different parts of rabbit eyes, including the cornea, iris, and conjunctiva. Thus, PNE was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on an acute ocular irritation index of "0.0.". Skin sensitization was tested by the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) and Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) using an intradermal injection of 10% PNE. Edema and erythema were not observed 24 and 48 h after the topical application of PNE in skin sensitization test, which exhibited a sensitization score of "0.0.". Therefore, it can be suggested that P. nepalensis could be used as potential candidates for cosmoceutical ingredients, without any major side effects.

Primary Skin Irritation tests for Sangmosu in Rabbits (토끼에 대한 Sangmosu의 국소독성 (일차 피부자극) 시험)

  • 최설민;김대영;박요안;김주영;김형식;안미영;곽승준;최이선;이병무
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.542-545
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    • 1999
  • Primary skin irritation tests for Sangmosu were performed in male New Zealand White rabbits. In primary skin irritation test, body weights were not significantly changed and Primary Irritation Index(P.I.I) was 0.25, indicating Sangmosu as barely irritating material. These results indicate that Sangmosu was not considered to be irritant in test animals.

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Studies on the Correlation between SPF index and Primary Irritation Index of Octylmethoxycinnamte (Octylmethoxycinnamate의 SPF 지수와 피부자극지수와의 상관성 연구)

  • 서수경;김종원;최주영;서경원;박창원;김규봉;김광진;이선희
    • Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.296-302
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    • 2002
  • In recent years, the safety of sunscreens have been challenged based on the reports of its adverse effects on users; dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis. In the toxicological aspect, the need to investigate the safety of sunscreens is steadily increasing. However, there were few studies on the correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the safety of sunscreens. The objective of this study was to assess whether there was a correlation between SPF and the skin irritation index of sunscreens. Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) was selected, which was the most frequently used (about 92% in korea and about 90% in the world) in sunscreens. In vitro SPF test was performed using the standard samples recommended by KFDA guideline. We examined primary and cumulative skin irritation and eye irritation of OMC standard sample as well as homosalate. As in vitro SPF was increased, skin irritation index was increased in primary skin irritation test ($r^2$=0.986) and cumulative skin irritation test ($r^2$=0.939). In addition, OMC was non-irritating and non-sensitizing. In this results, there was a good correlation between SPF index and skin irritation index.

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A STUDY ON THE RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERFERON ${\alpha}$A(LBD-007) FOR PRIMARY EYE AND SKIN IRRITATION IN RABBITS

  • Park, Jong-Il;Kim, Sung-Hoon;Han, Sang-Seop;Roh, Jung-Koo
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.119-123
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    • 1993
  • LBD-007, a newly developed recombinant human interferon ${\alpha}$A, was tested for primary eye and skin irritation in male New Zealand White rabbits. In the primary eye irritation test, 0.1ml of a solution of LBD-007 was instilled into the eye. In rinsing group, the eye was washed with water 30 seconds after instillation. No reaction was observed at the cornea, iris and conjunctivae by LBD-007. In the primary skin irritation test, LBD-007 was applied to the back of rabbits for 24 hours. Primary irritation index was "0" in test and control sites of all animals. Thus LBD-007 was evaluated as a non-irritant on the basis of the criteria of Draize et al.,(1994).

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Attraction effect against Lycorma delicatula, antioxidant activity and local irritation test of Ailanthus altissima extract (가죽나무 추출물의 꽃매미 유인효과, 항산화 활성 및 국소자극성시험)

  • Lee, Seung-Jin;Park, Seung-Chun
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.53 no.4
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    • pp.231-237
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    • 2013
  • This study aimed to assess the attraction effect against Lycorma delicatula and antioxidant activity of hexane, chloroform, butanol and water fraction obtained from Ailanthus altissima methanol extract. The attraction effect of chloroform fraction showed the highest activity (47%) as compared to that of other fractions. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity, methanol and butanol fraction showed higher antioxidant activity than other solvent fractions. From the above results, the potential chloroform fraction was further performed by local irritation test in New Zealand white rabbits. In eye irritation test, chloroform fraction showed moderate irritant at high concentration 0.5 g/site/mL, but there was no eye irritation at low concentration (0.05 g/site/mL). In accordance with the Draize evaluation of skin irritation, the primary irritation index was calculated to 3.3 and 0.68 at high (0.5 g/site/mL) and low concentration (0.05 g/site/mL) causing moderate and mild irritation, respectively. On the basis of this study, Ailanthus altissima chloroform fraction could be safely considered to be a candidate of attractant against Lycorma delicatula.

Assessment of the Dermal and Ocular Irritation Potential of Lomefloxacin by Using In Vitro Methods

  • Ahn, Jun-Ho;Eum, Ki-Hwan;Lee, Mi-Chael
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 2010
  • The evaluation of eye and skin irritation potential is essential to ensuring the safety of human in contact with a wide variety of substances. Despite this importance of irritation test, little is known with respect to the irritation potency of lomefloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which has been known to cause phototoxicity with an abnormal reaction of the skin. Thus, to investigate the tendency of lomefloxacin to cause eye and skin irritation, we carried out in vitro eye irritation test using Balb/c 3T3, and in vitro skin irritation test using $KeraSkin^{TM}$ human skin model system. 3T3 neutral red uptake assay has been proposed as a potential replacement alternative for the Draize Eye irritation test. In this study, the $IC_{50}$ value obtained for lomefloxacin was 375 ${\mu}g$. According to the classification model used for determining in vitro categories, lomefloxacin was classified as moderately irritant. For evaluation of skin irritation, engineered epidermal equivalents ($KeraSkin^{TM}$) were subjected to 10 and 25 mg of lomefloxacin for 15 minutes. Tissue damage was assessed by tissue viability evaluation, and by the release of a pro-inflammatory mediator, interleukin- 1${\alpha}$. Lomefloxacin increased the interleukin-1${\alpha}$ release after 15 minutes of exposure and 42 hours of post incubation, although no decrease in viability was observed. Therefore, lomefloxacin is considered to be moderately irritant to skin and eye.

Acute toxicity, Dermal and Ocular Irritation Studies of Taglisodog-eum ointment (탁리소독음 피부외용제형의 급성경피독성시험, 피부자극시험 및 안점막자극시험)

  • Lee, Jung Bok;Choi, Jae Hwan;Kim, Hee Taek;Kim, Yun Kyung;Yu, Young Beob
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.289-300
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : Taglisodog-eum(TSE), a poly herbal formula, has been widely used to improve carbuncles by removing inflammation of the lymphatic channels in Traditional Korean Medicine. We previousely reported the action mechanism of TSE on experimental atopic dermatitis and the establishment of formulation for TSE ointment. In this study, we examined the toxicity test on skin and eye irritation by TSE ointment to prove the safety of Taglisodog-eum ointment in clinical use. Methods : Acute skin toxicity of the TSE ointment was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. After dermal administration of TSE ointment(2,000mg/kg), body weight, mortality, and clinical signs of the rats were observed for 14days. Primary skin irritation and ocular irritation tests for TSE ointment were performed in male New Zealand White Rabbits. In dermal and ocular irritation test, body weight, mortality, clinical signs, Primary Irritation Index(P.I.I.), and The Index of Acute Ocular Irritaion(I.A.O.I.) of rabbit were observed after applying at abraded skin and eye balls with Taglisodog-eum ointment. Results : In the results of acute skin toxicity, no significant differences were found in body weight, the clinical sign and the mortality between control and TSE ointment treated group. In primary dermal irritation test, body weight, the clinical sign and the mortality were not significantly changed and Primary Irritation Index(P.I.I.) was 0.8, indicating TSE ointment as weak irritant material. In ocular irritation test, The Index of Acute Ocular Irritaion was 0.0, indicating TSE ointment as non-irritating to the eye of the rabbits. To evaluate toxicity of the TSE ointment in animal test, body weight, the clinical signs, the skin and eye irritation check were conducted; TSE ointment was considered to be weak dermal irritant in test animals. The no response of eye irritation test was observed in this experimental condition. Conclusions : According to the above toxicity test, We consider that this results is helpful for saying about the safety of TSE ointment in clinical use.