• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.69.2-69
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• 2002

Process measurements contain random and gross errors and the size estimation of gross errors is required for production accounting. Mixed integer programming technique had been applied to identify and estimate the gross errors simultaneously. However, the compensate model based on mixed integer programming used all measured variables or spanning tree as gross error candidates. This makes gross error estimation problem combinatorial or computationally expensive. Mixed integer programming with test statistics is proposed for computationally inexpensive gross error identification /estimation. The gross error candidates are identified by measurement test and the set of gross error candidates are...

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.69.6-69
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• 2002

The optimal byproduct gas supply system was developed for the optimal management of the byproduct gases in the iron and steel making process based on EXCEL environment. It supplies optimal byproduct gas distribution result as well as analysis including expected electricity generation, holder level change, amount of oil consumption, energy distribution to each boiler, and efficiency of energy resource. To reflect the changing environment of the plant such as maintenance, the system was developed to easily change the optimization model for changing configuration of the system. To verify the performance of the system , case studies for various situation was performed with the developed system, a...

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Nanofood is advanced functional food which food industry and food scientist try to develop process foods in near future. To be developed nanofood, nanofood materials are needed, such as biodegradable nanosphere material, biotechnical nanofood material, and protein and nanofood material. There are some food industrial applications with nanotechnology, such as nanoencapsulation, nanomolecule making, nanoparticle and powder making, nano separation, and nano extration. We can find several nanofoods and nanofood materials on the market. In addition, dairy industry is also in the first step for the development of nanofunctional food. However, nanoencapsulations of lactase, iron, vitamin C, isoflavone are developed for functional milk. Dairy industry needs various nanofood materials to be advanced functional dairy products.

• Plant Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

Increase of consumption in limited coal reserves leads prices surging. As a result, iron works which produce products with coal are in difficulties. Accordingly, it is required a lot of research of using non-caking coal that is relatively low cost and has abundant reserves. Direct drying and indirect drying are two major methods of drying the coal. Recently, to minimize the needed calories and to save energy, using fluidbed or fluidizing method is a recent main trend of minimizing the size of the facility and maximizing energy efficiency. However there is also disadvantage such as increasing facility investment because of installing additional facilities in the latter part. In this study, we will have theoretical researches on the indirect drying method with heat exchange system which have been traditionally used. As a result it is expected to increase the efficiency of the facility operation.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.230-242
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• 2010

In this paper, an environmental monitoring and diagnosis system based on ubiquitous computing technology, shortly u-Eco Monitoring System, is proposed. u-Eco Monitoring System is designed to: 1) Collect information from the manufacturing processes via ubiquitous computing technology, 2) Analyze the current status, 3) Identify the cause of problem if detected by rule-based and case-based reasoning, and 4) Provide the results to the operator for proper decision making. Based on functional modeling, a generic architecture is derived, followed by application to a manufacturing system in iron and steel making industry. Finally, to show the validity of the proposed method, a prototype is developed and tested. The developed methods can be used as a conceptual framework for designing environmental monitoring and diagnosis system for industrial practices by which monitoring accuracy and response time for abnormal status can be significantly enhanced, and relieving operator pressure from manual monitoring and error-prone decision making.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.109-113
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• 2002

Steel industry is the most capital intensive and the largest energy consuming industry, which operate huge and complex facilities to supply various steel products as the primary materials to almost every manufacturing industry Major steel products are hot-rolled and cold-rolled coils, plates, and wires that are produced through molten iron making, molten steel making, casting, and rolling. Each process runs in batch between setups and the specifications or bach are different with each other High energy consuming and heavy material handling require careful synchronization or processes, as well. Considering the synchronization or processes, the lot planning and scheduling problem in the integrated steelmaking process rovers the roll grouping with given casts. the sequencing or rolls over time, and the machine assignment and time scheduling or charges and casts. The problem is investigated by dividing it into two cases whether single or parallel machines at the molten steel making and the continuous casting processes. Problem descriptions and solution approaches or each instance are introduced. To test their performance and conformity, implementation or the algorithms and numerical experiments are carried out with real world and constructed data sets.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 1979

This study was carried out to investigate effects of iron content on the quality of soy sauce, bean paste and red pepper paste, and to elucidate the origin of iron and change of the contents during production processes. For the first step, the iron contents in commercial soy sauce and changes of the contents during brewing process were determined. The results obtained were as follows. 1, Iron contents of raw materials were 108 ppm in soy bean, 133ppm in defatted soy bean, 79 ppm in wheat, 5 ppm in sodium chloride, 58 ppm in seed koji, 300-2000 ppm in spore of Aspergillus oryzae, 240 ppm in wheat gluten, 20 ppm in sodium carbonate (above figures were of dry weight basis), 6 ppm in hydrochloric acid, 18 ppm in caramel and 0.3ppm in brewing water respectively. 2, Iron contents in koji were 200-240 ppm (as dry weight basis) and increased, more or less, in progress of koji-making period. 3. Iron contents in the mashes during fermentation were 40 rpm after 1 month, 43-47 ppm after 3 months and 49-62ppm after 6 months. 4. In chemical soy sauce, the iron content was 159 ppm after hydrolysis of wheat gluten with hydrochloric acid, and 184 ppm after neutralization. 5. Higher iron contents were detected both in fermented and chemical soy sauce when the concentration of total nitrogen increased, but the levels were higher in chemical soy sauce than in fermented one at the same concentration of total nitrogen. 6. In the case of fermented soy sauce, the iron content in the filtrate was decreased by press-filtration, but no significant change was found between before and after heat-sterilization. 7. Iron contents in commercial soy sauce were varied with the producers, however, the average value was 62.7 ppm as calculated as 1.0 percent of total nitrogen. And the average level of iron in home-made soy sauce produced by conventional method was 37.68 ppm.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.144-179
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• 2010

Investigation into iron manufacture relics has been active since 1970s, especially accelerated in 1990s across the country. Consideration of the importance of production site relics has lately attracted attention to iron manufacture relics. Methodological studies of the investigation into iron manufacture relics, however, were less made compared with those of the investigation into tomb, dwelling, or swampy place relics. It is because the process of iron manufacture is too complicated to understand and also requires professional knowledge of metal engineering. With the recognition of these problems this research is to form an opinion about how to excavate, to rearrange and classify, and to examine iron manufacture relics, based upon the understanding of the nature of iron, iron production process, and metal engineering features of related relics like slag, iron lumps and so on. This research classifies iron manufacture relics into seven types according to the production process; mining, smelting, refining, tempering, melting, steelmaking, and the others. Then it arranges methods to survey in each stage of field study, trial digging, and excavation. It also explains how to classify and examine excavated relics, what field of natural science to be used to know the features of relics, and what efforts have been made to reconstruct a furnace and what their problems were, making the best use of examples, drawings, and photos. It comes to the conclusion, in spite of the lack of in-depth discussion on application and development of various investigation methods, that iron manufacture relics can be classified according to the production process, that natural sciences should be applied to get comprehensive understanding of relics as well as archeological knowledge, and that efforts to reconstruct a furnace should be continued from the aspect of experimental archeology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2015

In steel making plant, sampling system for raw material such as iron ore, limestone is necessary for quality control purpose. For the sake of efficiency and productivity, automation of the sampling system is highly desirable. From technical standpoint, the development of the automated system requires multi-disciplinary domain knowledge such as mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, information technology and computer engineering. Up to present time, the development has been mainly carried out by a single domain expert with project manager. The automated system developed in this way caused problems in the final system. This paper suggests a systems engineering approach to the development of automation for raw material sampling plant via a tailored process called Plant Systems Engineering (PSE) Process based on ISO/IEC 15288. Through the PSE process, we could derive right requirements and architecture of the Systems Of Interest (SOI), and we were convinced that the PSE Process can be applied to many other Plant Systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.8-14
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• 2014

Pulverized coal (PC) has become an important auxiliary fuel in the iron and steel industry since the technique of pulverized coal injection (PCI) was developed for iron making. The combustion efficiencies of pulverized coal in blowpipes and tuyeres under various operational conditions are numerically predicted to determine the performance levels with regard to different locations of the nozzles in a blast furnace. A variety of parameters, including the pulverized coal quantities, oxygen amounts, inlet temperatures of the tuyeres, and the mass flow rate of coal carrier gas are taken into consideration. Also, in order to develop greater efficiency than those of existing coal injection systems, this study applies a flame measurement system using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a frame grabber. It uses auto sampling algorithms from the flame shape information to determine the device for the optimal location control for PCI. This study finds further improvements of the blast furnace performance via the control of the PCI locations.