• 제목/요약/키워드: Iron Works

검색결과 87건 처리시간 0.034초

의왕시내 BTEX 오염 부지에서의 자연 정화법 이용 적합성 고찰 (Assessment of Monitored Natural Attenuation as Remediation Approach for a BTEX Contaminated Site in Uiwang City)

  • 이민효;윤정기;박종환;이문순;강진규;이석영
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 1999년도 정기총회 및 춘계 공동 학술발표회
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    • pp.149-156
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    • 1999
  • In the United States (U.S.), the monitored natural attenuation (MNA) approach has been used as an alternative remedial option for organic and inorganic compounds retained in soil and dissolved in groundwater. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines the MNA as“in-situ naturally-occurring processes include biodegradation, diffusion, dilution, sorption, volatilization, and/or chemical and biochemical stabilization of contaminants and reduce contaminant toxicity, mobility or volume to the levels that are protective of human health and the environment”. The Department of Soil Environment. National Institute Environmental Research (NIER) is in the process for demonstrating the MNA approach as a potential remedial option for the BTEX contaminated site in Uiwang City. The project is charactering the research site in terms of the nature and extend of contamination, biological degradation rate, and geochemical and hydrological properties. The microbial-degradation rate and effectiveness of nutrient and redox supplements will be determined through laboratory batch and column tests. The geochemical process will be monitored for determining the concentration changes of chemical species involved in the electron transfer processes that include methanogenesis, sulfate and iron reduction, denitrification, and aerobic respiration. Through field works, critical soil and hydrogeologic parameters will be acquired to simulate the effects of dispersion, advection, sorption, and biodegradation on the fate and transport of the dissolved-phase BTEX plume using Bioplume III model. The objectives of this multi-years research project are (1) to evaluate the MNA approach using the BTEX contaminated site in Uiwang City, (2) to establish a standard protocol for future application of the approach, (3) to investigate applicability of the passive approach as a secondary treatment remedy after active treatments. In this presentation, the overall picture and philosophy behind the MNA approach will be reviewed. Detailed discussions of the site characterization/monitoring plans and risk-based decision-making processes for the demonstration site will be included.

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고대국가 사로국과 신라의 수도 경주의 입지에 미친 지형 특성 (The Geomorphic Characteristics on the Location of Gyeongju, Capital City of 'Saro' and 'Silla' Kingdomsin Ancient Times, Korea)

  • 황상일;윤순옥
    • 한국지형학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.79-94
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    • 2013
  • 삼한시대 영남지방의 소국 가운데 하나였던 경주는 한반도의 남동쪽에 치우쳐 있음에도 불구하고 천년 동안 고대국가의 수도로 유지되고 성장하였다. 전 세계에서 유래가 드문 이와 같은 사례는 경주 지역에 살았던 사람들의 정치적 능력과 지혜 등 다양한 요인에 기인하지만, 이들이 살았던 지역의 자연환경도 크게 영향을 미쳤을 것이다. 경주에서 고대국가의 성립과 발전을 소백산맥과 태백산맥, 단층선과 선상지의 분포, 해안 분포 특성과 관계지워 논의하였다. 지형 특성은 경주 지역에 경작지 확보를 통한 풍부한 곡물의 공급, 높은 인구부양력과 거대 도시의 입지를 가능하게 하였다. 경주는 동해안에서 결절율이 가장 높은 위치를 점하여 소금과 철제품의 생산과 유통을 통해 부를 축적하고, 우월한 군사적 입지로 주변국과의 경쟁에 유리한 위치를 차지했다. 경주는 지형특성으로 인한 입지적 장점으로 고대국가의 중심지가 되었다.

서남 연근해 운항 차도철부선의 선내 소음에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Noise Levels of Cargo-Passenger Iron Ships ply South-West Coast Line)

  • 유영훈
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.193-199
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    • 2006
  • 선박에서 선내 소음이 문제로 인식되기 시작한 시기는 1970년대 초반 유럽에서 선박소음규제를 명문화하기 시작하였다. 이후 1982년 국제해사기구(IMO)에서 "International Code on Noise Levels on Board Ships"가 채택되어 오늘날에는 거의 모든 신조 선박에 대하여 해당하는 조항의 적용이 명문화되었다. 특히, 대형의 디젤기관과 다수의 보조기계가 동시에 운전되어지는 기관실 내부는 크고 복잡한 소음이 발생하는 환경으로 되어지고, 이러한 환경에서 작업하는 작업자는 소음성난청으로 되기 쉽다. 최근에는 각 나라별로 직업상의 난청으로부터 작업자를 보호할 목적으로 허용소음 폭로 시간을 법적으로 규제하고 있다. 우리나라에서는 근로기준법에서 정의하고 있지만 선박의 기관실과같이 특수한 조건에 대해서 국제해사기구의 규정에 따르고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내 서남 연안을 정기적으로 운항하고 있는 화객선에 대한 소음의 정도를 조사하였다

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현대회화에서 드러난 해체의 형식론에 관한 연구 -타의적 해체와 자의적 해체의 성격규정을 중심으로- (A study of the destructive styles from Contemporary Paintings - Focused on distinguishing enmity-destruction and self-destruction -)

  • 박기웅
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제7권
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    • pp.5-63
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    • 2005
  • Generally, the meanings of destruction are related in the meaning of demolition, breakdown, into fragments ... and so on, and the similar meanings are twist, crush, demolish, split, cut, into pieces , break up ... etc. Further, it has related in the cruelty and destructive heart which are linked with orgy, Sadism, Necrophilia and so on. The meanings are also expressed by the initial , which are deprivation, deface, defame, deform, degrade, delegitimize, denounce , deride, destroy, devalue, as well as debase, debunk, declaim, declassify, decry, delete, denigrate, deprecate, despise or detract ...and so on. Dario Gamboni has discussed the meaning in his book as two categories Iconoclasm and Vandalism. And the similar meanings could be found in the words which has the initial of , like abase, abate, abhor, abjure, abolish, abridge, abuse ...and so on. Even though the distinct meanings of Iconoclasm and Vandalism, it is not easy to distinguish clearly between the differences when the results are accomplished in contemporary paintings because of the similarity of the results. In korean vocabulary there are no similar words to distinguish between the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, and the deconstruction is not recorded in the general dictionaries. However the meaning of is diminishing, separation, contrast and so on. So the unification of the word as do-construction is not construct, minus construction, reverse construction. And Vincent Ditch explained that there are the meaning of destroy the text. From Jacques Derrida, the deconstruction strategy is to criticise the world of traditional metaphysics and logocentrism, and not to reconstruire the philosophical meaning of texts but $d\'{e}construire$ them. And Saussure emphasized that the signifers could have more meaning that there can be more signified in traditional texts in the art. as a result, deconstruction is explained that there are many signified meanings in a signifer. In this thesis , from using the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, to distinguish the expressive skills in contemporary art works are arising. Therefore, special methods which are linked in the destruction styles are selected. As a result, the two different purposes of destruction is arising, one is enmity destruction and the other is self destruction another word, auto destruction or destruction to create The enmity destruction can be distinguished by the two category Iconoclasm and Vandalism. They come from the moment of different historical aspect is arising and want to attack the Icon or masterpiece this concept is from the study of John Philips and especially iconoclasm is linked with religious and artistic heart, but Vandalism is come from the political attack. Sometime, this distinguish is not clearly arising, because the two aspects are co-related in the attack. As a result, firstly, the Iconoclastic controversy had arisen in the methods of Dadaism which has developed by Man Ray, Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp. They want to attack the pre-established master-pieces and painting spaces, and they had 'non-artistic attitude' not to be art. Since 1980, the German artist Anselm Kiefer adapted the methods and made them his special skills so he had tried to paint tough brush strokes and draw with hugh pallette image line and fire and water images , they can be the image attack as the Iconoclasm. secondly, the model of vandalism is to be done by hammer, drill, canon and so on. the method is to attack the content of painting. Further, the object of destruction is bound by cords and iron lings to demolish or to declare the authority of pre-statues; it symbolize the pre-authority is gone already. Self-destruction based paintings are clearly different in the purpose of approaching the art work. First of all, they can be auto-destruction, creative destruction and metamorphosis destruction, which is linked with the skill the material aspect and basic stature, and sign destruction or signifier destruction, which is link with the inner meaning destruction that is considered as the Semiotical destruction in post-modern paintings. Since 1960, the auto destruction is based on the method of firing, melting, grinding and similar skills, which is linked with Neo-Dada and reverse-assemblage. Metamorphosis destruction is strongly linked with the basic inner heart price and quality, so it can be resulted in the changedness of expectation and recognition. Tony Cragg has developed the skills to metamorphose the wood as stone or iron as cloth and stone as sponge and rubber and so on. The researcher has developed the same style in the series of since 2003. The other self-destructive methods are found in the skill of sign destruction. In the methods the meaning of the art is not fixed as one or two, but is developed multi-meaning and differ from original starting situation, so Jacques Derrida called the difference meaning in deconstruction. It is the destruction of textes. These methods are accomplished by David Salle, Francesco Clemente, and recently Tracy Emin, who has developed the attacking heart in the spectators' emotion. Sometime in the method of self-destruction, it is based on horror and shock, the method is explored by Demian Hirst and Jakes and Dinos Chapman. Their destructive styles stimulate ambivalent heart and destroy original sign of girl and animals.

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국내 조선소 주변해역의 해양오염 현황 - 2. 2010년 하계 대형조선소 주변 해수의 중금속오염 평가 (The State of Marine Pollution in the Waters adjacent to Shipyards in Korea - 2. Assessment of the Pollution of Heavy Metals in Seawater around Major Shipyards in Summer 2010)

  • 김광수
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2015
  • 국내 대형 조선소 주변해역의 중금속오염 현황을 밝히기 위하여 2010년 여름에 4개의 대형 조선소 주변 11개의 채수정점과 4개의 대조정점에서 해수 시료를 채취하여 6종의 금속(Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Pb, Hg)을 분석하였다. 조선소별 주변해역 수중의 금속을 분석한 결과, (1) 구리(Cu)의 평균 농도는 $0.817{\sim}1.638{\mu}g/L$로 해역환경기준(사람의 건강보호기준 $20{\mu}g/L$, 해양생태계 보호 단기기준 $3{\mu}g/L$)보다 낮았지만, 대조정점에 비하여 1.64~2.75배의 높은 값을 나타냈다. (2) 아연(Zn)의 평균 농도는 $ 0.228{\sim}0.567{\mu}g/L$로 해역환경기준(사람의 건강보호기준 $100{\mu}g/L$, 해양생태계 보호 단기기준 $34{\mu}g/L$)보다 낮았지만, 대조정점에 비하여 1.62~5.91배의 높은 값을 나타냈다. (3) 철(Fe)의 평균 농도는 $3.332{\sim}7.410{\mu}g/L$로 대조정점에 비하여 1.30~6.75배의 높은 값을 나타냈다. (4) 카드뮴(Cd)의 평균 농도는 $0.013{\sim}0.028{\mu}g/L$로 해역환경기준(사람의 건강보호기준 $10{\mu}g/L$, 해양생태계 보호단기기준 $19{\mu}g/L$)보다 낮았지만, 대조정점에 비해 1.18~2.33배의 높은 값을 나타냈다. (5) 납(Pb)의 평균 농도는 $0.007{\sim}0.126{\mu}g/L$로 해역환경기준(사람의 건강보호기준 $50{\mu}g/L$, 해양생태계 보호 단기기준 $7.6{\mu}g/L$)보다 낮았다. (6) 수은(Hg)의 평균 농도는 $0.002{\sim}0.004{\mu}g/L$로 해역환경기준(사람의 건강보호기준 $0.5{\mu}g/L$, 해양생태계 보호 단기기준 $1.8{\mu}g/L$)보다 낮았다. 비록 모든 중금속의 수중 농도가 해역환경기준보다 낮다고 할지라도, 선박 건조작업에 사용되는 구리, 아연, 철과 같은 중금속의 농도가 대조해역에 비해 조선소 주변해역에서 높다는 것은 조선소의 영향에 기인하는 것을 암시한다. 따라서 조선소로부터 각종 오염물질이 해양에 유입되지 않도록 통제하고 해양오염을 방지하는 국가적 차원의 해양환경관리가 필요하다.

MFC의 금속 및 탄소전극에 의한 전기생산 특성과 오염저감 효과 (Electricity Generation and De-contamination Effect for Characteristic Electrode Material in a Microbial Fuel Cell System Using Bay Sediment)

  • 권성현;송형진;이은미;조대철;이인형
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제19권8호
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    • pp.951-960
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    • 2010
  • Sediment works as a resource for electric cells. This paper was designed in order to verify how sediment cells work with anodic material such as metal and carbon fiber. As known quite well, sediment under sea, rivers or streams provides a furbished environment for generating electrons via some electron transfer mechanism within specific microbial population or corrosive oxidation on the metal surfaces in the presence of oxygen or water molecules. We experimented with one type of sediment cell using different anodic material so as to attain prolonged, maximum electric power. Iron, Zinc, aluminum, copper, zinc/copper, and graphite felt were tested for anodes. Also, combined type of anodes-metal embedded in the graphite fiber matrix-was experimented for better performances. The results show that the combined type of anodes exhibited sustainable electricity production for ca. 600 h with max. $0.57\;W/m^2$ Al/Graphite. Meanwhile, graphite-only electrodes produced max. $0.11\;W/m^2$ along with quite stationary electric output, and for a zinc electrode, in which the electricity generated was not stable with time, therefore resulting in relatively sharp drop in that after 100 h or so, the maximum power density was $0.64\;W/m^2$. It was observed that the corrosive reaction rates in the metal electrodes might be varied, so that strength and stability in the electric performances(voltage and current density) could be affected by them. In addition to that, COD(chemical oxygen demand) of the sediment of the cell system was reduced by 17.5~36.7% in 600 h, which implied that the organic matter in the sediment would be partially converted into non-COD substances, that is, would suggest a way for decontamination of the aged, anaerobic sediment as well. The pH reduction for all electrodes could be a sign of organic acid production due to complicated chemical changes in the sediment.

인간의 갑상선 결절성 과증식증과 유두상 암종에서의 Endothelial Nitric Oxide의 발현 (Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Benign Nodular Hyperplasia and Papillary Carcinoma of Human Thyroid Gland)

  • 김영모;조정일;김용재;양태용;김대형;박창신;한창준
    • 대한두경부종양학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.155-161
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    • 2001
  • Background and Objectives: Nitric oxide (NO) is generated in mammalian tissue by the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline. This reaction is catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NO is an important bioactive agent and a signalling molecule that mediates a variety of biologic actions such as vasodilation, neurotransmission, host defense, and iron metabolism but increased NO production may also contribute to the pathogenesis of a various of disorders, including cancer. Before now, the role of NO in thyroid gland is still investigated and it was supposed that NO mediate the angiogenesis in tumor growth. Others journal and works identified the expression of iNOS that involve by neutrophil and eNOS that involve in part in the vascular remodeling and to understand the role of NO in human thyroid gland. But authors revealed only eNOS in thyroid neoplasm. iNOS was identifed by inflammation in fault. Materials and Methods: Western blot analysis was performed, using a polyclonal antibody against eNOS (Rabbit polyclonal IgG). Using the same antibody, the distribution of eNOS was examined in 15 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples by immunohistochemistry. By NADPH consumption rate, NOS activity was estimated at nodular hyperplasia. Results: Western blot analysis exhibited that eNOS was significantly elevated in thyroid papillary carcinoma, compared to that in nodular hyperplasia and normal tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that the immunoreacitivity was present more significantly in thyroid follicular epithelial cell layer than vascular endothelial cell. NOS activity increased in nodular hyperplasia. Conclusions: Thyroid papillary cancer without neutrophil invasion expressed only eNOS. The endothelial localization of eNOS may play an important role in pathogenensis of human thyroid nodular hyperplasia and the follicular localization of thyroid papillary carcinomas.

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제강(製鋼) 전로(轉爐) 정연시(精鍊時) 슬래그 폼(Slag Foam)발생(發生) 현상(現像) 및 진정제(鎭靜劑) 종류(種類)에 따른 사용효과(使用效果) (The Phenomenon of the Slag Foaming and the Result of using Various Slag Deforming Agents in the Steelmaking Converter)

  • 전상호;송충옥;반봉찬
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.18-23
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    • 2006
  • 일관제철소 제강공정의 전로 조업시 발생하는 슬래그 폼은 전로 외부로 슬래그가 용출되는 현상으로써 용강의 실수율 저하와 설비이상을 초래할 수 있다. 이러한 슬래그 폼을 억제시킬 수 있는 다양한 진정제가 사용중에 있는데, 본 보고에서는 제지산업에서 발생하는 폐기물인 제지슬러지를 이용하여 슬래그 폼 진정제를 제조하였고 그 효과를 확인하였다. $CaO-SiO_2-FeO$계 슬래그 물성이 폼 발생에 미치는 영향을 모사 실험을 통해 관찰한 결과, 슬래그 염기도 및 슬래그중(FeO)농도가 증가할수록 슬래그 표면장력 증가와 슬래그중($SiO_2$) 활량의 저하로 인해 폼 지수(${\Sigma}$)는 감소하였다. 알루미늄 드로스, 코크스, 쌀겨 및 제지슬러지 등 4가지 종류의 슬래그 진정제를 실제 공정에 적용하여 슬래그 폼 진정효과를 관찰한 결과, 알루미늄 드로스가 슬래그 폼 진정효과가 가장 우수하였고 제지슬러지를 이용해 제조한 진정제도 우수한 효과를 나타내었다.

리튬 2차전지용 양극소재 $LiFePO_4/C$의 합성 및 리트벨트 구조분석 (Synthesis and Rietveld Refinement of the Cathode Material $LiFePO_4/C$ for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries)

  • 황길찬;최진범;김재광;안주현
    • 한국광물학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.63-72
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    • 2009
  • 개량된 MA법으로 합성된 $LiFe(PO_4)/C$에 대해 X-선 회절분석을 실시하여 리트벨트법에 의해 결정학적 연구를 수행하였다. 리트벨트 계산 결과 리트벨트 R 지수 값은 $R_p=8.14%,\;R_{wp}=11.1%,\;R_{exp}=9.09%,\;R_B=3.88%$, S (GofF, Goodness of fit) = 1.2으로 계산이 잘 이루어졌음을 알 수 있다. $LiFePO_4/C$는 공간군 Pnma를 가지며, 격자상수 값은 a = 10.3229(3)${\AA}$, b = 6.0052(2) ${\AA}$, c = 4.6939(1) ${\AA}$이고 체적값은 V = 290.98(1) ${\AA}^3$으로 기존 다른 합성법의 연구결과와 잘 일치한다. 분말 입자는 고순도를 가지고 나노 크기($65{\sim}90nm$)로 기존 MA법보다 상대적으로 미세하고 균질도가 향상되었다. 따라서 개량된 MA법은 상업용 리튬 2차 전지의 양극물질 생산을 위한 우수한 제조법으로 판단된다.

전로슬래그를 이용한 콘크리트의 강도에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Characteristics of Concrete mixed with the Converter furnace Slag)

  • 곽기주;손순종;김기성
    • 콘크리트학회지
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.113-122
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    • 1994
  • 본 연구는 전로슬래그를 콘크리트용 골재로 사용할 수 있는 가를 검토하기 위해서 수쇄슬래그에 전로슬래그를 중량비로 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%씩 혼합한 골재로 공시체를 제작하여 강도특성을 고찰하였다. 전로슬래그로 제작한 콘크리트의 슬럼프 값은 천연골재로 제작된 슬럼프 값보다 더 크게 나타났다. 또 수쇄슬래그에 전로슬래그를 혼입하여 제작된 콘크리트는 전로슬래그의 혼입율이 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%로 높아짐에 따라 팽창율도 0.007%, 0.014%, 0.043%, 0.19%로 각각 증가되었다. 따라서 비교적 안정성을 갖는 콘크리트를 제작하기 위해서는 수쇄슬래그와 전로슬래그의 혼입율을 60:40으로 하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다. 또, 수쇄슬래그에 전로슬래그를 혼입하여 만든 콘크리트의 압축강도 (${\sigma}_c$), 인장강도(${\sigma}_t$), 휨강도(${\sigma}_f$)간의 상관관계를 회귀분석하여 도출한 인장강도와 휨강도의 예측공식은 다음과 같다. ${\sigma}_t$ = 0.16952${\sigma}_c$ - 4.9313 ${\sigma}_f$ = 0.25727${\sigma}_c$ + 6.0528