• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.483-489
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate dietary habits, and to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status and certain blood parameters in premenopausal and postmenopausal women living in Daejeon. Adult Korean females(n=110) that had visited the Health Promotion Center of Eulji University Hospital were analyzed. We examined blood parameters, body composition, and life style factors such as food habits and physical activity in pre- and post-menopausal women. The collected data were then analyzed to evaluate the various items. Overall, there were no differences between the pre- and post-menopausal women for food habit score, or for intakes of energy, protein, Int, iron, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C, and calcium. However, carbohydrate intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal women than in the premenopausal women. The Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans(KDRIs), in terms of energy, fat, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin $B_1$, were less than 100% in both the premenopausal women and postmenopausal women. All intakes of protein, iron, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, and vitamin C satisfied the KDRIs in both groups. Finally, the postmenopausal women had higher serum fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase levels than the premenopausal women.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.988-994
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• 2015

Menopausal status and hormonal changes are important factors related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women. Nutrient intake is also a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Although, postmenopausal status and hormonal changes result in a 60% increased risk for metabolic syndrome, there has been no method to elucidate the effects of nutrient intake on metabolic syndrome following menopause. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nutrient intake by menopausal women on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. All data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2009. Menopausal women showed a 1.8-fold increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome group showed significantly lower values in calcium, iron, vitamin A, carotin, retinol and riboflavin intake than those of normal group in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, there are significant differences in crude fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, riboflavin and niacin. Indeed, different patterns of nutrient intake were observed by menopausal status and metabolic syndrome. As menopause cannot be controlled, a diet with adequate nutrient intake may be useful to control the rapid increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome due to menopause.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.578-585
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• 2005

Maternal zinc deficiency is relatively common worldwide, but its consequences for pregnancy outcome are not established. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of zinc status in the second trimester on pregnancy outcome. Subjects were 248 pregnant Korean women (25-28 wk gestation). Cord blood was collected from subgroup of 69 women and pregnancy outcome data were obtained from 185 babies. Anthropometry measurement, dietary intake, and biochemical characteristics of pregnancy and cord serum substances were measured. The subjects were divided into quartiles on the basis of maternal serum Zn concentration; $ZnQ_1$ (< 25 percentile), $ZnQ_2$ ($26\~50$ percentile), $ZnQ_3$ ($51\~75$ percentile), and $ZnQ_4$ ($76\~100$ percentile). Zn groups were compared in terms of various maternal factors, concentrations of cord serum substances, and pregnancy outcome. Maternal serum Zn concentration was $118.4\;{\pm}\;35.5\;{\mu}g/dl$ as mean. Intake of Zn was lower than Korean RDA. The rate of Zn deficiency among all subjects was $8.5\%$. Maternal serum Zn levels belonged to normal range. Cord serum Zn level was about $154.7\%$ of maternal serum level. Intakes of energy, calcium, iron, folic acid, and riboflavin did not meet the Korean RDA for pregnant women by gestational age. The mean birth weight of neonates is 3083 $\pm$ 697 g, of whom $9.1\%$ were of low birth weight (< 2,500 g). Maternal serum Zn level was positively correlated with pre-pregnancy weight, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and vitamin C intake (p < 0.05). $ZnQ_1$ group had significantly lower maternal serum iron concentration and higher cord serum cholesterol than those in other groups. Maternal serum Zn level, cord serum Zn level, and dietary Zn intake were no related to the pregnancy outcome. The birth weight had a correlation with the maternal hemoglobin and albumin concentration. In conclusion, at this study, we could not find the association with maternal Zn status in 2nd trimester and pregnancy outcome.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2019

BACKGOUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated nutritional status of the elderly with dementia in a care facility with the aim of improving the meal quality of the facility. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data were collected from 30 dementia patients aged more than 65 years in a long-term care facility in Hongseong. The data were obtained from questionnaires and medical records. The food intake data was obtained using food photographs and the nutrient intakes were calculated using the CAN-Pro 5.0. The data were compared with the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). The nutrient density, diet quality such as nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and index of nutritional quality (INQ), as well as dietary diversity score (DDS) were evaluated. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical programs. RESULTS: The average daily energy intakes for men and women were much lower than the estimated energy requirements of the KDRIs. The average intakes of energy and most nutrients in the general diet group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups. Significant differences in diet quality and diet diversity were observed according to the meal type groups. The NARs of some minerals (calcium, iron, and zinc) and vitamins (vitamin $B_6$ and folic acid) were less than 0.5 in all study groups. The NARs of protein, iron and MAR of the general diet group were significantly higher than those of the liquid diet group. The DDS scores of meats, fruits and diary food group were very low in all meal type groups, meaning that the diet qualities of the study subjects were not appropriate in all meal type groups. CONCLUSIONS: The food intakes of the study groups showed some limitations by a direct comparison with KDRIs because of the very low physical activities of the study subjects. The diet quality and diet diversity indices suggest the need for improvements in the nutritional quality in all types of diet. Overall, new intervention strategies targeting facility residents with dementia in Korea are needed as soon as possible.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.601-609
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• 2008

The study was carried out to investigate the dietary attitude and hematological status of the middle school football players in Busan. The survey was conducted from September 15 to October 15, 2006 by questionnaires and data analyzed by the SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: The weights and body mass indices of the football players were significantly lower than those of the control. Dietary attitude scores showed no significant differences between the groups. Nutrition knowledge scores of the football players were lower than those of the control. Both football players and the control preferred the sweet taste rather than others. The football players preferred the hot taste, meats, and fish rather than the control did. Serum triglyceride level of the football players was significantly lower than that of the control. Blood iron level was significantly lower in the football players than in the control. Blood urea nitrogen concentration was higher in the football players than in the control. Therefore proper nutritional education programs are required for middle school football players to improve their nutritional status and physical strength.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2011

본 연구는 임신기 동안 어미쥐의 철 섭취 수준이 모체의 철 대사지표와 산화적 스트레스 및 임신의 결과에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 비임신쥐를 대조군으로 하여 수행하였다. 10주령 200 g 이상 된 암컷과 수컷 흰쥐를 1 : 1로 교배시켜 임신을 확인한 후, 비임신쥐 (대조군)와 임신쥐 (실험군)에게 식이 중 철 수준이 정상수준 (AIN-93G diet 수준, 35 mg Fe/kg diet), 고수준 (정상의 10배, 350 mg Fe/kg diet) 및 과잉수준 (정상의 30배, 1,050 mg Fe/kg diet)의 3가지 실험식이를 급여하였다. 임신 19일째 되는 날, 비임신쥐와 임신 쥐를 희생시켜 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 체중의 증가나 식이섭취량은 철 섭취 수준의 영향을 받지 않았고, 임신의 결과로서 태아의 수, 태아체중 및 태반무게도 철 섭취 수준의 영향은 받지 않았다. 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿, 혈청 철 농도 등의 혈액지표들은 철 섭취 수준의 영향은 받지 않았으나 임신에 의한 감소 경향을 보였다. 임신쥐의 철 섭취 수준의 증가에 따라 간과 지라 조직의 철 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한 임신쥐의 간에서 페리틴 단백질 수준이 철 섭취의 증가에 따라 현저히 증가하였다. 산화적 손상지표인 지질과산화물 (MDA)은 철 섭취수준의 영향을 받지 않았고, 단백질 산화물 (protein carbonyls)은 비임신쥐와 임신쥐에서 모두 철 과잉 섭취군의 경우 유의적으로 증가하였다. 항산화효소 중에서는 철 과잉섭취군에서 간의 GPx 활성이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 임신기 동안 어미쥐의 철 섭취수준의 증가는 어미쥐의 혈액지표와 임신의 결과에는 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 간 조직 내 철 함량과 페리틴 단백질 수준을 유의적으로 증가시켰으며, 간 조직에서 단백질 산화물인 protein carbonyl 농도를 증가시키고, 항산화효소 중 특히 GPx의 활성 감소를 초래하였다. 또한 간 조직에서 세포사멸을 억제하는 중요한 인자인 Bcl-2 단백질 수준이 임신쥐에서 철 섭취의 증가에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 영향이 철을 정상 수준의 10배 섭취한 군에서는 약하게 나타났으나, 30배 과잉으로 철을 섭취한 군에서는 유의적으로 차이를 보였다. 이 결과는 임신시 철 과잉 섭취의 해로운 영향이 지금까지 철 대사의 측정도구로 삼아왔던 혈액지표의 변화 보다는 체내에서 일어나는 조직의 산화적 스트레스의 증가나 조직 내 철의 축적 등에 보다 더 민감하게 반영됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 철 과잉 섭취가 모체 뿐만 아니라 태생 조직의 산화적 스트레스에도 영향을 줄 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2017

This paper reviews the previous industrial solid bed process simulations to provide a better understanding of the modeling approaches to the particle reactions in the bed. Previous modeling studies on waste incinerator, iron ore sintering bed, blast furnace, iron ore pellet indurator, and biomass combustor can be seen on the common ground of unsteady 1-D modeling scheme. Approaches to the particle reaction modeling have been discussed in terms of the status of solid particles in the bed, types of reaction progression in a particle, and the consideration of the intra-particle temperature gradient.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.282-286
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• 2011

Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition for every infant, and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is usually optimal in the common clinical situation. However, inappropriate complementary feeding could lead to a nutrient-deficient status, such as iron deficiency anemia, vitamin D deficiency, and growth faltering. The recent epidemic outbreak of obesity in Korean children emphasizes the need for us to control children's daily sedentary life style and their intakes of high caloric foods in order to prevent obesity. Recent assessment of breastfeeding in Korea has shown that the rate is between 63% and 89%; thus, up-to-dated evidence-based nutritional management of breastfeeding infants to prevent common nutrient deficiencies or excesses should be taught to all clinicians and health care providers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.691-704
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relations among the three factors: 1) characteristics of family, 2) nutrient intake status and 3) academic achievements. The subjects in this study were 7,698 boys and girls attending primary, middle and high schools in South Korea. The questionnaire was made and distributed to the student to answer the questions about family background and food intake status. Food intake frequency method was used to examine nutrient intake status. Academic achievement results of last semester were taken from students school records. Followings are the results of the study:1. Most of the mean nutrient intakes were above the Korean recommended dietary allowances. However, calcium, iron, and vitamin A intakes were below the Korean recommended dietary allowances. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the intake of these nutrients in these students to meet the RDA.2. Total amounts of food intake were decreasing in higher grades and food intake of boys was higher than that of girls. 3. Educational period of parents and economic status of family had grades influences on student's academic achievement and nutritional status. The students with parents of higher education and higher economic status had better academic achievement and balanced nutritional status. 4. When students were divided into three groups with respect to the percentage of recommended nutrient intake, the group with nutrient intake of 75-125% of RDA achieved better academic achievement than other groups. In conclusion, educational length and economic status of parents and optimal intake of nutrients (75-125% of RDA)by students significantly affected academic achievements of the students.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors of adult women, and to examine if these characteristics were different by acne status. Subjects were 106 adult women residing in Seoul recruited from clients and employers at skin care centers, and housewives from apartment complexes. Surrey instrument was adapted or modified based on literature review and dietary intakes were assessed using 24-hour recalls for two days and CAN-pro. All data was statistically analyzed using x$^2$test and ANOVA. When examined by acne status, 41.5% of subjects were categorized into acne group, 20.8% were as ex-acne group, and 37.7% as no-acne group. Parental experience of acne was significantly related to acne status(p〈 0.01). Education, employmental status, and smoking or drinking status were not related to acne status. Subjects had a moderate level of nutritional knowledge(72.7 point) and the nutritional knowledge store was not significantly different by acne status. When examined by individual items, the groups showed significant difference on the items regarding vitamin C and necessity of carbohydrates(p 〈 0.05). Subjects showed favorable dietary attitudes. Although the acne group showed more favorable attitudes on the importance of nutrition on acne, the overall dietary attitudes of the acne group were not significantly different from the ex-acne group or no-acne group. Similarly only small differences were noticed in dietary behaviors or nutrient intakes by acne status. Cholesterol consumption was hitgher in the no-acne group than in the acne group or ex-acne group(p 〈 0.01). The intakes of energy, iron, and calcium was much below the RDA in three groups. Although there were not many significant differences in nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors by acne status, this study provided some baseline information regarding study variables by acne status.