• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.465-468
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• 2009

In this study, acid cellulase was used to treat denim fabrics by varying pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, treatment time and non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) concentration. Treatment condition was controlled based on the weight loss. The characteristics of enzyme-treated fabrics were measured in terms of tearing strength, stiffness, and color difference. The optimum conditions for cellulase treatment of denim fabric were pH 5.0, $50^{\circ}C$, 3% (o.w.f.), 90minutes. The weight loss did not change significantly with the addition of a non-ionic surfactant, but it improved when more non-ionic surfactant were used. The tearing strength of enzyme-treated denim fabrics did not deteriorate. The stiffness of the treated fabrics improved with the enzymatic treatment with and without the non-ionic surfactant. The difference in color of fabrics treated with enzyme increased.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.854-861
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• 2004

To estimate dispersion stability of particles in anionic and nonionic surfactant mixed solution, suspending power was examined as functions of duration time of suspension, ionic and nonionic surfactant mixed ratio, surfactant concentration, kinds of electrolyte, ionic strength and mole numbers of oxyethylene additions to nonionic surfactant using $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ particle as the model of particulate soil. The suspending power of anionic and nonionic surfactant mixed solution was relatively higher than that of anionic and nonionic surfactant single solution regardless of solution concentration. The suspending power was gradually decreased with increasing duration time of suspension. In the absence of electrolyte, the effect of surfactant concentration on suspending power was small but in solution with electrolyte, suspending power was lowest at 1 ％ surfactant concentration. With 1${\times}$10$^{-3}$ ionic strength and polyanionic electrolyte in solution, the suspending power was high but effects of oxyethylene mole number to nonionic surfactant on suspending power was small. Generally the suspending power was gradually increased with decreasing the particle size. Hence the suspending power was inversely related to the particle size.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2015

Nowadays blending ratio of OMG (old magazine) in recovered paper used for manufacturing newspaper have been increased. When large amount of OMG is consumed in newsprint mill, brightness can be improved by inorganic pigments of coating layer. On the other hand decrease in yield of deinking process will be encountered because the pigments can be removed as reject of froth flotation process. Therefore selection of the optimal deinking agent is an important. Non-ionic surfactant have been used widely in newsprint mill. Non-ionic surfactant has amphoteric characteristics. Hydrophilic group is ethylene and propylene oxide that can induce hydrogen bonding with water molecules. In this regard, cloud point is an important parameter in order to control efficiency of deinking process because hydration of the hydrophobic group can be varied according to temperature of a system. In this study, deinking properties of ONP at high blending ratio of OMG was analyzed according to cloud points of non-ionic surfactants. $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, brightness and effective residual ink concentration did not affected by the change of cloud points. Especially, flotation reject decreased significantly according to increase in cloud point of the non-ionic surfactant. Consequently, when a nonionic surfactant having a cloud point higher than the temperature of the system is used, properties of the deinked pulp can be maintained and yield of deinking process can be improved.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.876-880
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• 1999

이온성과 비이온성계면활성제의 혼합 미셀 용액의 자기확산계수는 NMR FT-PGSE법으로 측정하였다. 또한 프로톤 NMR 피크의 폭을 관찰하였다. 연구된 계는 $C_{12}EO_5/SDS/D_2O$, $C_{12}EO_5/DTAC/D_2O$ 및 $C_{12}EO_8/SDS/D_2O$의 혼합계이다. 모든 시료에서 솔벤트와 계면활성제의 몰비는 일정하고 계면활성제의 혼합비는 다양하게 실험을 하였다. $C_{12}EO_5$ 계에서 계면활성제의 자기확산계수는 이온성계면활성제의 혼합비가 약 25%일 때 최소치를 나타내었다. 비이온성계면활성제가 이온성계면활성제로 치환됨에 따라서 자기확산계수가 감소하는 것은 미셀간의 반발력이 증가하기 때문이다. 이온성계면활성제의 높은 분율에서 자기확산계수가 증가하는 것은 미셀의 크기가 감소하기 때문이다. $C_{12}EO_8$ 계에서 계면활성제의 혼합비의 효과는 분자의 기하학적 구조와 큰 관능기의 면적 때문에 거의 없다. 프로톤 NMR 피크와 자기확산계수는 상호 밀접한 관계를 나타내고 알킬 사슬의 메틸렌 시그날의 넓혀짐 현상은 자기확산계수가 작을 때 나타난다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2008

In general, anionic and cationic surfactants are incompatible because their mixtures form insoluble complexes. There are, however, some complexes that are soluble and behave like regular surfactants, specifically like nonionic surfactants, thus named pseudo-nonionic surfactant complexes. Pseudo-nonionic complexes are more effective and efficient than their ionic surfactant components as shown by their equilibrium and dynamic surface tensions and interfacial tensions. They pack at the interface more than their ionic components. Since, pseudo-nonionic complexes show their own characteristics, they can be treated as separate classes of surfactants distinct from ionic and nonionic surfactants. Novel cationic surfactant was synthesized, having the polyhydroxyl group at the head group. We found that aqueous mixtures of our cationic surfactant and usual anionic surfactant(SDS) could form homogeneous solutions even at high concentration. The properties of mixed surfactant solutions were measured. Foam stability, CMC(critical micelle concentration), water hardness tolerance and thickening effect were tested. The foam stability of mixed surfactants was very good and various synergy effects were observed.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.417-421
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• 2003

Three kinds of surfactant systems - cationic surfactant (system 1), combinition of two cationic surfactants (system 2), and combination of two cationic surfactant and non-ionic surfactant (system 3) - for the simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) were investigated. The highest removal efficiencies of nitrate and phosphate were observed in system 2, which were 90 % of nitrate and 72 % of phosphate. The COD of permeate in system 3 was the lowest, because the added non-ionic surfactant made critical micelle concentration (CMC) lower than that of other surfactant systems. In all systems, the flux decline was similar.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.647-656
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• 2007

반추동물의 생산효율을 향상시킬 목적으로 반추위 환경을 조절하려는 노력들이 수십년간 지속되어 오면서 그동안 주로 사료급여 및 사양관리 시스템 개발(NRC, 2001)이 근간을 이루어 왔으나, 최근에는 유전공학, 효소공학, 생물공학, 미생물공학, 천연물화학 등의 발전으로 식물추출물, 항생제, 미생물제제, 계면활성제 등 다양한 분야에서 연구가 진행되고 있다 (Yang과 Russell, 1993; 이 등, 1997; Lee 등, 2003; Lee와 Ha, 2003; Busquet 등, 2006). 그 중, 계면활성제인 surfactant는 미생물 세포막 표면에 부착하여 미생물에 대한 산소공급을 차단함으로써 호기성 미생물 성장을 감소시키며 (Hulme와 Stranks, 1970), 세포내, 외의 효소를 유리시켜 효소기능 및 분비를 촉진 하는 것 (Reese와 Maguire, 1969; Munn 등, 1983; Yazdi 등, 1990)으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 surfactant의 작용원리를 이용하여 반추위내 혐기성 발효를 촉진시키기 위한 제제로서 그 가능성이 높이 평가되어 왔는데, 지금까지 반추위 발효 조절 기능이 밝혀진 계면활성제는 비이온성으로서 반추동물의 소화율과 생산성에 기여할 수 있는 제제로서 인정받고 있다. 계면활성제를 이용한 일련의 시험 중, 앞서 수행한 비이온성 계면활성제와 양쪽 이온성(+/－) 계면활성제를 이용한 시험에서 비이온성 계면활성제는 in vitro 반추위 발효양상에 매우 긍정적인 결과를 얻었으나 양쪽 이온성(+/－) 계면활성제는 반추위 미생물에 오히려 독성으로서 작용하는 결과를 얻었다(De Oude, 1992). 또한 양(+)이온성과 음(－)이온성 계면활성제에 대한 국내의 연구가 전무한 사항이라 참고 자료를 찾을 수가 없었다. 따라서 본 시험은 일반적으로 많이 사용하는 양(+)이온 또는 음(－)이온성을 띄는 계면활성제를 선발하여 반추위 발효 성상 및 미생물 합성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명해 보고자 실시하였다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.790-796
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the influence of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture on detergency of particulate soil under various solutions. The detergency of the particulate soil was determined by adhesion of particle to fabric and its removal from fabric separately. The PET fabric and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$were used as materials of textile and model of particulate soil, respectively. The detergency was investigated as a function of surfactants concentration, ionic strength, kinds of electrolyte and mole numbers of oxyethylene ether of nonionic surfactant in different ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture. Although some deviations exist, the adhesion of particle to fabric generally increased with decreasing its removal from fabric. The detergency of particulate soil on PET fabric was relatively higher in anionic/nonionic surfactant mixed solution than in each single surfactant solution, but the influence of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture on detergency of particulate soil was low. Generally the detergency of particulate soil on fabric was at its maximum at 0.1% surfactant concentration, $1{\times}10^{-3}$ ionic strength, $Na_5P_3O_{10}$ electrolytes and 10 mole numbers of oxyethylene ether of nonionic surfactant, regardless of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 Tergitol 계열 비이온 계면활성제 시스템에 이온 계면활성제와 보조 계면활성제를 각각 첨가한 경우에 있어서의 원유 중에 포함되어 있는 황화합물 가용화도에 관하여 살펴보았다. Sodium oleate, potassium oleate, CTAB와 DTAB 등의 이온 계면활성제 첨가는 비이온 계면활성제에 의한 황화합물 가용화도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 반면에 사슬 길이가 긴 알코올을 보조 계면활성제로 첨가한 경우에는 원유 중의 황화합물 가용화도가 증가하였다. 알코올의 첨가 효과는 계면활성제가 수용액 상으로부터 오일 상으로 이동하는 partitioning 현상으로 인하여 사용한 원유 양이 증가할수록 작아지며, 또한 사용한 알코올의 사슬 길이에 따른 가용화도 증가 차이도 작게 나타났다. 원유와 계면 활성제 수용액 사이의 계면장력은 온도가 증가할수록 감소하였고 소수성의 계면활성제일수록 감소의 폭이 증가하였다. 수용액의 pH 변화에 따라 황화합물의 가용화에는 큰 변화가 없었으며, 탈황 미생물 성장 영향 실험에서 계면활성제 혹은 보조계면활성제의 첨가는 탈황 미생물의 성장에 큰 영향을 끼치지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
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• pp.1288-1291
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• 2004

In this study, physical characteristics of alumina slurry on variation of pH value and the effect of non-ionic surfactants on alumina slurry for copper chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) slurry have been investigated. After pH value of the slurry with alumina abrasive was changed by adding various amount of $HNO^3$ or KOH, the differences of settling rate, particle size, and zeta-potential were estimated. Better settling rates were shown in slurries with alumina abrasive at near pH 1. Higher zeta-potential was shown at around pH 2 in alumina slurry and the point of zero charge (PZC) was measured at about pH $9\sim10$. Non-ionic surfactant was added in the slurry with 5wt% alumina abrasive to get its effect on slurry practically. Abrasive size was smaller increased when amount of surfactant increased in slurry with P-4 as abrasive; on the other side, it was smaller when amount of surfactant decreased with AES-12. Variation of zeta-potential has no tendency with adding surfactant; however, values of zeta-potential were between $35\sim50mV$. The proper amount of surfactant was $0.1\sim1.0wt%$ in slurry with P-4 and $0.5\sim1.0wt%$ in slurry with AES-12 respectively. Excellent dispersion stabilization was obtained by addition of non-ionic surfactant