• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 1990

Second derivative (D2) spectrometry using ion-pair extraction technique was development for the determination of total glycyrrhetic acid (GA) in Glycyrrhizae Radix, Glycyr-rhizin (G) obtained from Glycyrrhizae Radix was hydrolyzed into GA in 2 N-HCI and methanol (1:1) and extracted from aqueous phase in the form of an ion-pair complex with tetrapentylammonium bromide (TPA) as a counter ion. Maximum D2 amplitude (Z value) was obtained when 1000-fold or greater molar ratio of TPA was used at pH 11. Reaction an effective extraction solvent of the ion-pair complex. The linearity of standard curve of ion-pair GA was obtained in the range of 4.120 $\mu$g/ml as GA. Assayed contents of GA in dry powder by D2 UV spectrometry and HPLC method were 5.31 $\pm$ 0.04% and 5.20 $\pm$ 0.008%, respectively.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2001

Picosecond absorption spectroscopy has been employed in the study of the solvent dynamics of 1, 2, 4, 5-tetracyanobenzene/biphenyl derivative radical ion pairs, and the resulting rates of radical ion pair separation are faster in acetonitrile than in dichloromethane. In an effort to account quantitatively for such solvent effect on the rate of radical ion pair separation, an equation for the rate of radical ion pair separation is introduced, in which the rate depends exponentially on the electrostatic interaction energy in the radical ion pair. In our analysis of the types of electrostatic interaction energy based on the conducting spheres in dielectric continuum was chosen, and the rate equation employing this electrostatic energy provided information on the distance on the distance of radical ion pair separation and solvation energy of the radical ion pair, thereby providing quantitative explanation for the observed solvent effect on the rate of radical ion pair sepaaration.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2010

Trimethylboroxine (TMB) is a six-membered ring compound containing Lewis acidic boron and Lewis basic oxygen atoms that can bind halide anion and alkali metal cation, respectively. We employed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy to study the gas-phase binding of $LiBrLi^+$ and $F^-(KF)_2$ to TMB. TMB forms association complexes with both $LiBrLi^+$ and $F^-(KF)_2$ at room temperature, providing direct evidence for the ditopic binding. Interestingly, the $TMB{\cdot}F^-(KF)_2$ anion complex is formed 33 times faster than the $TMB{\cdot}Li^+BrLi$ cation complex. To gain insight into the ditopic binding of an ion pair, we examined the structures and energetics of $TMB{\cdot}Li^+$, $TMB{\cdot}F^-$, $TMB{\cdot}LiF$ (the contact ion pair), and $Li^+{\cdot}TMB{\cdot}F^-$ (the separated ion pair) using Hartree-Fock and density functional theory. Theory suggests that $F^-$ binds more strongly to TMB than $Li^+$ and the contact ion-pair binding ($TMB{\cdot}LiF$) is more stable than the separated ion-pair binding ($Li^+{\cdot}TMB{\cdot}F^-$).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.358-360
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• 2000

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2007

A simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method has been described for the determination of buprenorphine either in raw material or in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed method is based on the formation of a colored ion-pair complex (1 : 1 drug/dye) of buprenorphine and bromocresol green (BCG) in buffer pH 3 and extracting in chloroform. The extracted complex shows absorbance maxima at 415 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 1.32-100.81 μ g mL-1. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the determination of drug in commercial sublingual tablets and injectable dosage form. No significant interference was observed from the excipients commonly used as pharmaceutical aids with the assay procedure.

• 약학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1974

The metal indicator, acidic azo dyes NN, EBT and Calcon are utilized to analyse quantitatively chlorpheniramine, tripelenamine and diphenhydramine forming insoluble ion pair in aqueous solution at proper pH values between the acidic azo dyes and the sample molecules, these compexes are extracted by organic polar solvents, and organic layer is determined spectrophotometrically. Generally, the absorption maxima of the complexes are shifted to longer wavelengths compare to the absorption maxima of the dyes themselves. The binding ratio of the ion pair forming complex molecules in chloroform soln, are as follows ; NN-antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, tripelennamine, diphenhydramine) are NN-1 to antihisamine-1, EBT-antihistamines are EBT-2 to antithistamines a and Calcon-antihistamines are Calcon-3 to antithistamines-1. These coomplexes in chloroform soln. are very stable, and show higher absorbance than the other organic polar solvents. The binding state of complexes were presumed intermolecular hydrogen bond by their infrared spectra. In the mixture solution of three samples, the aqueous phase is buffered at pH 1.0, and benzene is used to extract ion pair of diphenhydramine EBT complex selectively. At pH 1.0 of aqueous layer, Calon-diphenhydramine complex is also extracted selectively by benzene. However, in this case very small amount of chlorpheniramine-calcon calcon simultaneously. The binding state of diphenhydramine-EBT and diphenhydramine-calcon in benzene are smae as the complexes in chloroform. But the absorption maxima of the complexes in benzene are shifted to shorter wavelenlgths than the complexes in chloroform.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1986

Effect of sodium taurodeoxycholate (TDC) infused intravenously on the pharmacokinetics of methylene blue (MB) was studied in the rat to investigate the role of ion-pair complexation in the body on drug elimination and disposition. Distribution volume (Vd) of MB was increased significantly (p< 0.05) by TDC infusion. Considering together with the fact that apparent partition coefficient (APC) of MB between phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and n-octanol was increased markedly by TDC, the increase in Vd seemed to be the result of decreased polarity of MB by ion-pair formation with TDC. But total body clearance (CLt) and biliary excretion clearance (CLbil) of MB were not increased significantly by TDC.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.326-332
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• 1982

플루오르화수소산 존재하에서 methylene blue의 양이온과 $BF_4^-$, 음이온이 이루는 착물을 1,2-dichloroethane과 nitrobenzene으로 용매추출하여 분광광도법으로 분석하였다. 적외선과 가시선 스펙트럼을 조사하여 이 착물은 1:1 조성비를 가지는 ion-pair로 존재하는 것으로 보이며 1,2-dichlorethane 중에서는 해리하지 않는 것을 알아냈다. 1,2-Dichlorethane에 대해서는 HF의 농도가 1.43${\times}10^{-2}$~ 2.86${\times}10^{-1}$M 범위에서 추출상수가 25$^{\circ}$C에서 1.1${\times}10^4M{-1}$로 일정한 값을 나타내었으며 nitrobenzene에 대하여는 대체로 10배 가량 큰 값을 가지지만 HF농도가 증가함에 약간씩 증가하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.411-418
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• 1983

HF용액 또는 ${KHF}_2$용액에서 methylene blue의 양이온과 ${BF}_4^-$음이온이 이루는 착물을 1,2-dichloroethane으로 용매추출할 때, 용액 중에 존재하는 $F^-$와 ${HF}_2^-$음이온이 미치는 영향을 분광광도법으로 조사하였다.$F^-$ 이온은 $10^{-2}$의 비교적 진한 농도로 존재하더라도 methylene blue와 이온쌍을 이루지 않으므로 직접적인 영향을 주지 않았다. 그러나 ${HF}_2^-$이온은 ${BF}_4^-$이온과 경쟁적으로 methylene blue와 이온쌍을 이루어 BF4-이온과 함께 추출되는 것으로 보이고 25$^{\circ}C$ 에서 methylene blue-${HF}_2$ 이온쌍의 1,2-dichloroethane용매에 대한 추출상수, $K_{ext}$=8.5를 얻었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.949-951
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• 1996