• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.73-76
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• 1995

In this study, the slab waveguide was fabricated using potassium-nitride(KNO$_3$) or silver-nitride (AgNO$_3$) molten sources by ion-exchange process. The effective refractive indices of waveguide were measured by Prism-Coupling method. and The characteristics of waveguide(mode dispersion, effective diffusion depth. surface refractive index, diffusion coefficient, and refractive index profile etc,) were investigated by WKB method, In the case of potassium ion-exchange, the computer calculation showed that the refractive index profile of waveguide followed Gaussian function, the surface refractive index increased with ion-exchange time and the effective diffusion depth increased a little as ion-exchange time increased, while the surface refractive index of silver ion-exchanged waveguide decreased with ion-exchange time because of the ion depletion on the surface of waveguide, and the effective diffusion depth seriously with ion-exchange tim. Double ion-exchanged waveguide was fabricated by performing silver ion-exchange after potassium ion-exchange. Double ion-exchanged waveguide had a tight mode binding force since the surface refractive index was larger than single step ion-exchanged waveguide.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 1996

In this study, we performed a modeling for $K^{+}$ ion-exchanged diffused channel waveguide and waveguide-type optical coupler by Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin(WKB) dispersion equation, normalized field distribution equation for mode and coupled mode theory, and examined the optical-power-dividing of the optical coupler fabricated by using the modeling condition. The optical-power-dividing was observed at the waveguide-type optical coupler with 3[.mu.m] line-width, 6[.mu.m] space between channel waveguides, and 3[mm] interaction length.h.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.284-287
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• 1996

In this paper, we investigated the optical coupling characteristics for $K^{+}$ ion-exchanged diffused channel waveguide by using coupled-mode equations. In this case, the optical-power-dividing was observed at the waveguide-type optical coupler with 3[$\mu\textrm{m}$] line-width and, 6[$\mu\textrm{m}$] separation between channel waveguides in which interaction lengths were 1 and 3[mm], respectively, On the basis of that we deformed simulation for $Ag^{+}$ ion-exchanged diffused channel waveguide. As a result of simulation, the optical-power-dividing was shown at the waveguide-type optical coupler wish 3[$\mu\textrm{m}$] line-width, 6[$\mu\textrm{m}$] separation between channel waveguides and 0.11[mm] interaction length.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.194-197
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• 1995

In this study, we performed a modeling for $K^{+}$ ion-exchanged diffused channel waveguide and waveguide-type optical coupler by WKB(Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouim) dispersion equation, field distribution equation of mode and coupled mode theory, and examined the optical-power-dividing of the optical coupler fabricated by using the modeling condition. The optical-power-dividing was observed at the waveguide-type optical coupler with 3[$\mu\textrm{m}$] line-width, 6[$\mu\textrm{m}$] space between channel waveguides, and 3[mm] interaction length.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.130-132
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• 1994

We fabricated Ag ion exchange glass waveguide. Generally, ion-exchange glass waveguide. are suitable for passive integrated optical components such as directional and star couplers. Its advantages include low loss, ease of fabrication, and low material cost. So, we faricated Ag ion-exchange glass waveguides in AgNO$_3$ melt solution from 2 mole %. And we used Sodalime glass as a substrate in the fabrication process. As the results, we observed multivalent ion-exchange in a typical sodalime glass. Diffusion coefficient and depth are predicted by actual experimental data of Stewart. The exchange rate in silver-ion-exchanged waveguides are compared to the exchange time of waveguide fabrication.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.198-202
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• 1992

Silver ion-exchanged glass waveguide with its large surface index difference and shallow depth is suitable to be used for the hybrid integration of semiconductor device and glass waveguide using the semiconductor film grafting technique. We report characteristics of the planar and channel glass waveguides exchanged in the diluted silver nitrate melt in the visible and infrared spectral region. Especially, we determined the fabrication parameters for single-mode channel waveguide at 1.5.$\mu$m, an important wavelength in the optical communication. Directional couplers with several different configurations were fabricated, and their 3 dB coupling length was determined as a function of wavelenGh and polarization.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.172-173
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• 2002

An erbium-ytterbium co-doped phosphate glass waveguide amplifier, fabricated by two-step ion-exchange, is presented. The performance of the amplifiers are investigated in viewpoints of net gain, pump power, and noise figure. The waveguide has propagation loss of 0.7 dB/cm Including insertion loss at 1.304 $\mu\textrm{m}$. At a signal wavelength of 1.534 $\mu\textrm{m}$, a high net gain of 12.8 dB and low noise figure of less than 3.9 dB are archived in a 4 cm long waveguide when injected by 140 ㎽ of LD pump at 0.98$\mu\textrm{m}$ in single pass configuration.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.262-263
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• 2000

이온교환방법은 착색된 유리를 생산하기 위하여 수세기 전부터 연구되어 왔다. 1972년 Izawa와 Nagome가 silicate 유리에 Tl$^{+}$이온을 치환하여 평판 도파로를 만든 후, 이온교환은 도파로나 마이크로 렌즈제작 등에 활발하게 연구되어 왔다. 유리 도파로는 광의 진행손실이 적으며, 광섬유와의 우수한 호환성, 그리고, 제작이 용이하고 가격이 싼 장점 등으로 인하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있는 재료이다. 그러나, 유리에 이온교환으로 광소자를 만들기 위해서는 굴절률변화를 정확하게 예측해야한다. 따라서, 유리에서 이온들의 확산특성을 정확하게 분석하고 실험적으로 확립하는 연구는 매우 중요하다고 하겠다. (중략)

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.43-49
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• 2000

In this paper, we have modeled and fabricated $1{\times}5$ equal power splitter for 1.55${\mu}m$ wavelength using finite-difference beam propagation method and $Ag^+-Na^+$ ion-exchanged method in BK7 glass, respectively. The power splitting ratio could be controlled by changing the center waveguide gap and the inner Y-branch angle. As a result, the power splitting ratio shows 0.46dB when the waveguide width, the inner Y-branch angle and the center waveguide gap are 4.5${\mu}m$, 0.3 degree and 575${\mu}m$, respectively.