• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.797-819
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• 2019

Internet of Things (IoT) is the paradigm of network of Internet-connected things as objects that constantly sense the physical world and share the data for further processing. At the core of IoT lies the early technology of radio frequency identification (RFID), which provides accurate location tracking of real-world objects. With its small size and convenience, RFID tags can be attached to everyday items such as books, clothes, furniture and the like as well as to animals, plants, and even humans. This phenomenon is the beginning of new applications and services for the industry and consumer market. IoT is regarded as a fourth industrial revolution because of its massive coverage of services around the world from smart homes to artificial intelligence-enabled smart driving cars, Internet-enabled medical equipment, etc. It is estimated that there will be several dozens of billions of IoT devices ready and operating until 2020 around the world. Despite the growing statistics, however, IoT has security vulnerabilities that must be addressed appropriately to avoid causing damage in the future. As such, we mention some fields of study as a future topic at the end of the survey. Consequently, in this comprehensive survey of IoT, we will cover the architecture of IoT with various layered models, security characteristics, potential applications, and related supporting technologies of IoT such as 5G, MEC, cloud, WSN, etc., including the economic perspective of IoT and its future directions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Internet of Things (IoTs) technologies have been computerized information generated from a variety of objects and humans, and have been applied to various fields by connecting via the Internet. In order to compensate for the marginal characteristics of IoT smart devices, such as low-power, limited processing and capacities, combining IoT and cloud computing technologies is now established itself as one of the paradigms. In this paper, we look at the definition, features and services of IoT and cloud computing technology, and we investigate and analyze the conversing needs of IoT and could computing, existing conversion paradigms, convergence cases, and platforms. In results, there are challenges to be solved, even though the cloud technologies complement a number of restrictions of IoT and offer various advantages such as scalability, interoperability, reliability, efficiency, availability, security, ease of access, ease of use, and reduced cost of deployment. We analyze the new research issues of convergence paradigm, and finally suggest a research challenges for convergence.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose an edge cloud platform architecture for implementing smart factory. The edge cloud platform is one of edge computing architecture which is mainly focusing on the efficient computing between IoT devices and central cloud. So far, edge computing has put emphasis on reducing latency, bandwidth and computing cost in areas like smart homes and self-driving cars. On the other hand, in this paper, we suggest not only common functional architecture of edge system but also light weight cloud based architecture to apply to the specialized requirements of smart factory. Cloud based edge architecture has many advantages in terms of scalability and reliability of resources and operation of various independent edge functions compare to typical edge system architecture. To make sure the availability of edge cloud platform in smart factory, we also analyze requirements of smart factory edge. We redefine requirements from a 4M1E(man, machine, material, method, element) perspective which are essentially needed to be digitalized and intelligent for physical operation of smart factory. Based on these requirements, we suggest layered(IoT Gateway, Edge Cloud, Central Cloud) application and data architecture. we also propose edge cloud platform architecture using lightweight container virtualization technology. Finally, we validate its implementation effects with case study. we apply proposed edge cloud architecture to the real manufacturing process and compare to existing equipment engineering system. As a result, we prove that the response performance of the proposed approach was improved by 84 to 92% better than existing method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.444-461
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• 2016

A power-saving mechanism for smartphone devices is developed by analyzing the features of data that are received from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors devices to optimize the data processing policies. In the proposed GreenIoT architecture for power-saving in IoT, the power saving and feedback mechanism are implemented in the IoT middleware. When the GreenIoT application in the power-saving IoT architecture is launched, IoT devices collect the sensor data and send them to the middleware. After the scanning module in the IoT middleware has received the data, the data are analyzed by a feature evaluation module and a threshold analysis module. Based on the analytical results, the policy decision module processes the data in the device or in the cloud computing environment. The feedback mechanism then records the power consumed and, based on the history of these records, dynamically adjusts the threshold value to increase accuracy. Two smart living applications, a biomedical application and a smart building application, are proposed. Comparisons of data processed in the cloud computing environment show that the power-saving mechanism with IoT architecture reduces the power consumed by these applications by 24% and 9.2%.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.954-960
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• 2015

It is important to improve the performance of storage in the home cloud environment within the virtualized IoT gateway since the performance of applications deeply depends on storage. Though SSD caching is applied in order to improve the storage, it is only used for read-cache due to the limitations of SSD such as poor write performance and small write endurance. However, it is important to improve performance of the write operation in the home cloud server, in order to improve the end-user experience. This paper propose a novel SSD caching which considers write-data as well as read-data. We validate the enhancement in the performance of random-write by transforming it to the sequential patterns.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1002-1015
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• 2018

The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) and the evident inadequacy of Cloud networks concerning management of numerous end nodes have brought about a shift of paradigm giving birth to Fog computing. Fog computing is an extension of Cloud computing that extends Cloud resources at the edge of the network, closer to the user. Cloud computing has become one of the essential needs of people over the Internet but with the emerging concept of IoT, traditional Clouds seem inadequate. IoT entails extremely low latency and for that, the Cloud servers that are distant and unknown to the user appear to be unsuitable. With the help of Fog computing, the Fog devices installed would be closer to the user that will provide an immediate storage for the frequently needed data. This paper discusses data migration between different storage types especially between Cloud devices and then presents a mechanism to migrate data between Cloud and Fog Layer. We call this mechanism Adaptive Deadline-Aware Scheme (ADAS) for Data migration between Cloud and Fog. We will demonstrate that we can access and process latency sensitive "hot" data through the proposed ADAS more efficiently than with a traditional Cloud setup.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2017.01a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2017

IoT devices are interconnected in global network with different functionalities and manage the data transfer in cloud computing. IoT devices can be used anytime, anywhere with any device with different applications and protocols. Same devices but different applications according to end user requirements such as sensors and Wi-Fi devices, reusability of these applications can enhance the development process. However, large number of variations in cloud computing make it difficult the features selection in application because of compatibility issues of devices. In this paper we have proposed multi-Software Product Lines (multi-SPLs) approach to manage the variabilities and commonalities of IoT applications and protocols. Feature modeling is used to manage the commonalities and variabilities of SPL. We proposed that multi-SPLs feature model is more appropriate for modeling of IoT applications and protocols.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.216-221
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• 2022

The 4th industrial revolution is accelerating the transition to digital innovation in various aspects of our daily lives, and efforts for manufacturing innovation are continuing in the manufacturing industry, such as smart factories. The 4th industrial revolution technology in manufacturing can be used based on AI, big data, IoT, cloud, and robots. Through this, it is required to develop a technology to establish a production facility data collection and analysis system that has evolved from the existing automation and to find the cause of defects and minimize the defect rate. In this paper, we implemented a system that collects power, environment, and status data from production facility sites through IoT devices, quantifies them in real-time in a cloud computing environment, and displays them in the form of MQTT-based real-time infographics using widgets. The real-time sensor data transmitted from the IoT device is stored to the cloud server through a Rest API method. In addition, the administrator could remotely monitor the data on the dashboard and analyze it hourly and daily.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

Over the next 20 years it will begin the exodus from the Internet and smart phones to the Internet of Things. The heart of IoT gives new utility and value with connectivity among things around people to the human. In future, Industrial environment will be intimately connect all among machines and machines or factories and factories in all processing, and by digitizing of all goods and production life-cycle, which is a combination of virtual world and real world, the digital factory will become reality eventually. The proposed IoT or IIoT based Download OTA (Over-the-Air) provides a flexible mechanism for downloading Media objects of any type and size from a network. Moreover, proposed IoT based DLOTA provides a part of security by lightweight encryption, OTP, and CapBAC technique.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 2021

Recently, as the introduction of cloud, mobile, and IoT has become active, there is a growing need for technology development that can supplement the limitations of traditional security solutions based on fixed perimeters such as firewalls and Network Access Control (NAC). In response to this, SDP (Software Defined Perimeter) has recently emerged as a new base technology. Unlike existing security technologies, SDP can sets security boundaries (install Gateway S/W) regardless of the location of the protected resources (servers, IoT gateways, etc.) and neutralize most of the network-based hacking attacks that are becoming increasingly sofiscated. In particular, SDP is regarded as a security technology suitable for the cloud and IoT fields. In this study, a new access control system was proposed by combining SDP and hash tree-based large-scale data high-speed signature technology. Through the process authentication function using large-scale data high-speed signature technology, it prevents the threat of unknown malware intruding into the endpoint in advance, and implements a kernel-level security technology that makes it impossible for user-level attacks during the backup and recovery of major data. As a result, endpoint security, which is a weak part of SDP, has been strengthened. The proposed system was developed as a prototype, and the performance test was completed through a test of an authorized testing agency (TTA V&V Test). The SDP-based access control solution is a technology with high potential that can be used in smart car security.