• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.545-550
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• 2018

Ultra-lightweight block cipher CHAM, consisting of simple addition, rotation, and eXclusive-or operations, enables the efficient implementations over both low-end and high-end Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. In particular, the CHAM block cipher targets the enhanced computational performance for the low-end IoT platforms. In this paper, we introduce the efficient implementation techniques to minimize the memory consumption and optimize the execution timing over 8-bit AVR IoT platforms. To achieve the higher performance, we exploit the partly iterated expression and arrange the memory alignment. Furthermore, we exploit the optimal number of register and data update. Finally, we achieve the high RANK parameters including 29.9, 18.0, and 13.4 for CHAM 64/128, 128/128, and 128/256, respectively. These are the best implementation results in existing block ciphers.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 2014

우리 사회는 산업혁명, 정보화혁명을 거쳐, 모든 것이 인터넷과 연결되는 사물인터넷(Internet of Things) 기반의 초연결 혁명 진행 중에 있다. 이에 정부는 사물인터넷을 공공, 산업, 개인 등 국가사회 현안 해결의 수단으로 활용하여 산업경쟁력 강화 및 창의적 IoT 서비스 제품 창출과 중소 중견 전문기업 육성을 시도하고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 사물인터넷의 핵심인 단말 플랫폼기술에 대한 글로벌 기업 및 프로젝트들의 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 융합기반 사업화 동향을 분석하고, 국내 단말 플랫폼의 개발현황 및 문제점을 살펴본다. 뿐만 아니라, 향후 사물인터넷의 단말 플랫폼 경쟁력 확보 및 생태계 구축을 위한 단말 소프트웨어 플랫폼과 하드웨어 플랫폼 구축방법으로 개발자 지향 개방형 SW-SoC(System on Chip) 융합을 통한 인프라 구축방안 제시하고, 사물인터넷 서비스의 확산을 위해 산 학 연 협력기반 기술개발 로드맵 방향을 제시한다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.163-170
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• 2017

Internet of things (IoT) is a new paradigm for collecting, processing and analyzing various contents in order to detect anomalies and to monitor particular patterns in a specific environment. The collected data can be used to discover new patterns and to offer new insights. IoT-enabled data mashup is a new technology to combine various types of information from multiple sources into a single web service. Mashup services create a new horizon for different applications. Environmental monitoring is a serious tool for the state and private organizations, which are located in regions with environmental hazards and seek to gain insights to detect hazards and locate them clearly. These organizations may utilize IoT - enabled data mashup service to merge different types of datasets from different IoT sensor networks in order to leverage their data analytics performance and the accuracy of the predictions. This paper presents an IoT - enabled data mashup service, where the multimedia data is collected from the various IoT platforms, then fed into an environmental cognition service which executes different image processing techniques such as noise removal, segmentation, and feature extraction, in order to detect interesting patterns in hazardous areas. The noise present in the captured images is eliminated with the help of a noise removal and background subtraction processes. Markov based approach was utilized to segment the possible regions of interest. The viable features within each region were extracted using a multiresolution wavelet transform, then fed into a discriminative classifier to extract various patterns. Experimental results have shown an accurate detection performance and adequate processing time for the proposed approach. We also provide a data mashup scenario for an IoT-enabled environmental hazard detection service and experimentation results.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2016

In response to changes in the global market environment, companies in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industry have begun to pursue cooperation and competition on a business ecosystem level. In particular, to become a leader in the new growth engine industry of Internet of Things (IoT), companies around the globe aim to consolidate vertically up the value chain through a solid establishment of their platforms. This paper looks at Samsung and Xiaomi, whose strategies for creating an ecosystem based on their own platforms differ in accordance to the ecosystem in which they compete. An analysis of these two companies indicate that Samsung pursues a strategy to become the market standard by openly sharing its platform with complementary companies, whereas Xiaomi pursues a strategy that achieves value as a channel owner through the restriction on which companies may become partners. This paper concludes that as Samsung and Xiaomi strive to become IoT industry leaders, each company pursues a variant of a platform-based value chain integration strategy based on the specific nature of the ecosystems in which they compete, thereby creating value through a symbiotic relationship with their partner companies.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.379-387
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• 2018

In order to make the IoT ecosystem more usable and friendly to general users, the interaction between the users and platforms/devices and its UX must be improved. In this study, a web-based rule engine system to help users intuitively interact with the various devices and services in IoE (Internet of Everything) platform is proposed. The proposed system consists of web interfaces and UI components for creating and managing rule-based scenarios using sensors, actuators, and external services in an intuitive way. Also, a rule management module for automatically translating the rules from the web interface into Nools rule engine compatible ones is proposed. Finally, we show the usability and feasibility of the proposed system by demonstration of rule-based use cases of IoT devices and external services.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.863-872
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• 2019

Elliptic curve cryptography is a relatively lightweight public-key cryptography method for key generation and digital signature verification. Some lightweight curves (eg, Curve25519 and Curve Ed448) have been adopted by upcoming Transport Layer Security 1.3 (TLS 1.3) to replace the standardized NIST curves. However, the efficient implementation of Curve Ed448 on Internet of Things (IoT) devices remains underexplored. This study is focused on the optimization of the Curve Ed448 implementation on low-end IoT processors (ie, 8-bit AVR and 16-bit MSP processors). In particular, the three-level and two-level subtractive Karatsuba algorithms are adopted for multi-precision multiplication on AVR and MSP processors, respectively, and two-level Karatsuba routines are employed for multi-precision squaring. For modular reduction and finite field inversion, fast reduction and Fermat-based inversion operations are used to mitigate side-channel vulnerabilities. The scalar multiplication operation using the Montgomery ladder algorithm requires only 103 and 73 M clock cycles on AVR and MSP processors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.454-455
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 표준 기반 사물인터넷 (IoT: Internet of Things) 플랫폼을 활용한 음성 제어 시스템을 구현하고 그 성능을 검증한다. 사물인터넷 산업 표준인 원엠투엠 (oneM2M) 오픈 소스 플랫폼을 활용하여 음성으로 댁내 기기를 제어할 수 있는 프로토타입 시스템을 구현하였다. 음성 기반 제어를 위해 구글의 Speech-to-Text API를 활용하고 오픈 소스 하드웨어에 원엠투엠 플랫폼을 탑재하여 어디서든지 서버 플랫폼에 연결된 댁내 가전기기들을 제어할 수 있음을 보였다. 본 논문에서 구현한 시스템을 통해 표준화된 오픈 소스 플랫폼과 클라우드 음성 인식 API를 활용하여 확장성과 연결성을 갖춘 커넥티드 홈을 구현할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.457-458
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 심장 박동 변이 (HRV: heart rate variability) 센서와 표준 기반 사물인터넷 (IoT: Internet of Things) 플랫폼을 활용한 스트레스 측정 시스템을 구현하고 그 활용 방법을 제안한다. HRV를 측정하기 위해 맥파 (PPG)센서와 오픈소스 하드웨어를 이용해 센싱 시스템을 구축하고 표준 사물인터넷 플랫폼을 이용하여 서버 시스템을 구축하였다. 추후 분석을 통해 유추한 스트레스 정도에 따라 플랫폼에 연결된 다양한 기기들을 이용하여 스트레스를 낮추기 위한 개인별 스트레스 관리 솔루션을 구현할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.315-320
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• 2021

While blockchain platforms for various purposes have been developed and the blockchain ecosystem is being developed, interoperability problems are emerging in which each blockchain is isolated and operated. In this study, we introduce interchain and sidechain technologies, which are blockchain that connect blockchain, and explain examples of using heterogeneous blockchain transactions and functions by applying them. In addition, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and IoT technologies, which are drawing attention in the fourth industrial revolution, are going through a process of converging and developing beyond their own development. In this regard, we present processes for combining artificial intelligence or IoT in blockchain, and propose a model that can operate without intervention by applying the combination of blockchain and artificial intelligence IoT to processes for trading and exchange between heterogeneous blockchain.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.718-723
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• 2018

In a positive Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) environment, by combining the latest computer network technology with IoT technology, remote health care such as health care and monitoring is improved through the provision of quality medical information services. In this paper, we identified and compared the platforms applied with blockchain and presented the results of developing the product distribution de-centralized DApp. In the process, we developed a distribution platform that can use blockchain technology to identify product fraud, manage data, manage customers' information, prevent forgery, track transaction history, and facilitate product transactions.