• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2002

Blepharospasm and apraxia of lid opening(ALO) are non-paralytic causes of involuntary eyelid closure. Clinically it is difficult to differentiate blepharospasm and ALO, and these two conditions are sometimes associated. We report a case of pretarsal blepharospasm presenting as apraxia of lid opening. 55-year-old woman was noted to have voluntary eye opening difficulty. We synchronously record the electromyographic(EMG) from the levator palpebrae superioris and the orbicularis oculi muscles in this patient. This results suggested that she has a variant of blepharospasm due to abnormal contraction in the pretarsal orbicularis oculi.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-124
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• 2006

The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei located in the deep portion of the brain. Along with the cerebellum, the basal ganglia have a major role in controlling human voluntary movements, and their dysfunction is apparently responsible for various involuntary movements. Although the exact mechanism of how the basal ganglia control movements has yet to be clarified, the model of focused selection (through the direct pathway) and tonic inhibition (via the indirect pathway) is proposed to be a principal functional model of the basal ganglia. Parkinson's disease (PD) is classically characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor-at-rest. All features seem to be associated with dopamine depletion resulting from the degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway, which produces reduced activity of the direct pathway and a concurrent enhancement of excitatory output from STN. This change may result in increased tonic background inhibition and reduced focused selection via the direct pathway, causing difficulties in performing voluntary movements selectively. However, it has not been possible to define a single underlying pathophysiologic mechanism that explains all parkinsonian symptoms. Here the data that give separate understanding to each of the three classic features are discussed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2003

Objective : Hemifacial spasm is painless uncommon disorder characterized by involuntary paroxysmal movement of one side of face, In this study, the effect of Dong-Si acupuncture therapy for three patients with hemifacial spasm were evaluated. Methods : We have treated them with acupuncture treatment of Dong-Si acupuncture points(Cheuk-Samni and Cheuk-ha-Samni) and evaluated the effect by Scott's scale, For the first two weeks, it was dine once a day, and after two weeks, the other day. Results : Before therapy, the grades of spasm intensity classified by Scott's description in three cases were 3. And after Dong-Si acupuncture therapy, the grade of one case was 0, and two cases were 1. Conclusion : The Dong-Si acupuncture therapy for hemifacial spasm was effective and will be attempted to the patients with it.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2020

This study examines how economic preparation for later life directly influences life after retirement. As people's life cycle is gradually getting longer, preparation for the later time with less economic activity after retirement is becoming more important. Thus, this study analyzes the factors influencing life after retirement. Data comes from the Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS) surveyed carried out by the National Pension Research Institute in 2015. The analysis includes Cronbach's alpha, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Sobel Test. This study confirms that voluntary retirement has a positive influence on life satisfaction. Results are in line with previous research about the relationship between voluntary retirement and retired life. When a person retires voluntarily, financial preparation can be made in advance for retirement. In case of involuntary retirement, people may experience a sense of loss in personal standing and financial difficulties due to the unexpected situation. Especially, early retirement from the main workplace leads to unstable later life. The study's policy recommendation, in particular, calls on government and businesses to agree on social responsibility for helping employees to retire in the predictable retirement time and, thus, enabling the retiree to decide all aspects of the path after retirement.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.718-722
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• 2014

The cerebellum is known to control balance, equilibrium, and muscle tone. If the cerebellum becomes damaged, the body is unable to retain its balancing functions or involuntary muscle movement. This is why, in stroke patients, there is a high risk of functional disability, as well as a myriad of other disabilities secondary to stroke. Ischemia was induced in SD mice by occluding the common carotid artery for 5 minutes, after which blood was reperfused. Needle electrode electrical stimulation(NEES) was applied to acupuncture points, at 12, 24, and 48 hours post-ischemia on the joksamri. Protein expression was investigated through caspase-3 antibody immuno-reactive cells in the cerebral nerve cells and Western blotting. The results were as follows: The number of caspase-3 reactive cells in the corpus cerebellum 12 and 24 hours post-ischemia was significantly (p<.05) smaller in the NEES group compared to the GI group. caspase-3 expression 12 and 24 hours post-ischemia was significantly(p<.05) smaller in the NEES group compared to the GI group. Based on these results, NEES seems to have a significant effect on Caspase-3 in the cerebellum in an ischemic state at 12 and 24 hours post ischemia, NEES delays the occurrence of early stage apoptosis-inducing Caspase-3, delaying and inhibiting apoptosis. Further systematic studies will have to be conducted in relation to the application of this study's results on stroke patients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2004

Tremor is a rhythmic and involuntary muscular contraction characterized by oscillations of a part of the body. Tremor is a symptom of many disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, orthostatic tremor, cerebellar disease, peripheral neuropathy and alcohol withdrawal. The appropriate treatment of tremor depends on accurate diagnosis of it's cause. Some tremors respond to treatment of underlying conditions. Senile tremor and Parkinson's tremor are more common in aged people. Yanghyulgupung-tang is effective herbal medication in blood deficiency-type senile tremor. Four cases of senile tremor and Parkinson's tremor are reported. All four patient were treated with Yanghyulgupungtang-gamibang and improvement was seen in all four.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

Voice disorder is classified into three categories, structural, neurogenic and functional dysphonia. Neurogenic dysphonia refers to a disruption in the nerves controlling the larynx. Common examples of this include complete or partial vocal cord paralysis, spasmodic dysphonia. Also it occurs as part of an underlying neurologic condition such as Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis, Lou Gehrig's disease or disorder of the central nervous system that causes involuntary movement of the vocal folds during voice production. Functional dysphonia is a voice disorder in the absence of structual or neurogenic laryngeal characteristics. A near consensus exist that Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) is functional voice disorder wherein hyperfunctional laryngeal muscle activity whereas Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is neurogenic, action-induced focal laryngeal dystonia including several subtype. Both Adductor type spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD) and MTD may be associated with excessive supraglottic contraction and compensation, resulting in a strained voice quality with spastic voice breaks. It makes these two disorders extremely difficult to differentiate based on clinical interpretation alone. Because treatment for AdSD and MTD are quite different, correct diagnosis is important. Clinician should be aware of the specific vocal characteristics of each disease to improve therapeutic outcome.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 1992

This study attempted to analyze the psychological anxiety of middle-aged men who expect to retire in order to bring up the problems of present retirement system, and suggest more desirable solutions connected with social welfare. The subjects of this study consisted of "non retirement group", aged 40-44(N=70) and "retirement group", aged 50-54(N=60) who were full-time employees in the small and medium enterprizes. The psychological anxiety levels of the two groups were assessed by the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) composed of 40 items. The major findings are as follows. There were significant differences in both trait and state anxiety between the two groups. The retirement group reported the higher level of both trait and state anxiety than the non retirement. And there was significant difference in "increased anxiety level by retirement"(state anxiety-trait anxiety) between the two groups. The retirement group reported the higher level of increased anxiety than the non retirement group. The state anxiety of the retirement group was significantly different by the retirement-related factors such as health state, the presence or absence of leisure activity and plan for later life, etc. The opinion of the two groups on the present retirement system was generally negative. The two groups prefered the voluntary retirement to involuntary retirement and considered that the retirement time must be prolonged to the age of 60 or 65.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.457-463
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• 2001

In the unconscious patient with general muscle rigidity, the natural teeth can be luxated and then bite wounds may be occurred around lip, owing to the pathologic involuntary self-biting habit. If the forceful biting is generated continuously, the teeth may be avulsed and aspirated into the aerodigestive tract with the infection of biting wound. For the prevention of pulmonary aspiration of the teeth and wound infection, the biting teeth should be cared before the fact. The authors treated the teeth as endodontic drainage with removal of the crown or iodoform gauze drainage into the socket with extraction of the teeth. The prognosis was more favorable without biting wounds.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

The present case study has a object to investigate the changes in locomotion patterns of infant with athetoid cerebral palsy would be occured by the program when it is applied with upper extremity weight bearing. The subject has been limited to one infant over one year of age, selected from the patients in the physical therapy clinic, Rehabilitation Center, Taegu University. Subject is normal in the visual and auditory sense, but he is unable to walk on his own Subject weighted 2.9kg at birth and underwent severe postnatal kernicterus, always on the baby-walker at homo. He disliked supine position characteristic in moving in athetoid type before he was under the program. The program was applied 7 months. Each session of the program is composed of 7 stages : (1) prebriefing between the therapist and the parents (2) pretherapy amusement time of the infant (3) warming-up (4) upper extremity weight bearing (5) cooling-down (6) post-therapy amusement time (7) postbriefing. The locomotion of the subject is proved to be influenced by the program. He showed a leftward circular movement as a result of the exercise, reducing the involuntary movement of his head when he was positioned for crawling. Later he proceeded to develop into creeping, crawling, kneeling and finally cruising. In conclusion, it appeared evident that the locomotive abilities of the subject is improved by the program explored in this study. The higher locomotive patterns could be achieved such as crawling, sitting, kneeling and cruising wich enable the upper extremities weight bearing.