• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 1992

Livestock waste causes ground and surface water pollution, eutrophication of reservoir as well as adverse affects living environment of those who dwell nearby. In order to investigate the pollution load from livestock waste, physical and chemical characteristics of the waste were determinded in the survey of livestock farms. Once pollution load is obtained as a function of the origin units of livestock, the influence of livestock waste on the Daecheong reservoir was studied. 1. For Daecheong reservoir inflow area, the liverstock manure productions of beef cattle swine, dairy cattle and chicken were 1,135.6t/day, 480t/day, 241.3t/day, 48t/day respectively； Beef cattle was the mai or source of the pollution. Pollution loading productions due to the livestock waste around the were found to be 53.31t/day for BOD, 222.49t /day for COD, 261.99t/day for T-S, 9.64t/day for T-N, 6.54t/day for T-P 2. Bocheong stream turnd out to be the major contribution for pollution loading production to Daecheong reservoir with 10,748kg /day of BOD, 47,157kg /day of COD, 1,946kg /day of T-N, 1,271kg /day of T-p. 3. Actual pollution loadings from livestock wastes for the area of Daecheong reservoir were estimated as 1,997kg /day(BOD), 8,546kg /day(COD), 364kg /day(T-N), 243kg /day (T-P), respectively Therefore, advanced treatment for livestock waste is recommended for Daectleong reservoir inflow area to eliminate the nutrients which are major sources of eutrophication of the reservoir.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to check the fire origin and cause of the fire by observing the shape of the flame propagation in air-conditioner indoor unit through the fire tests. We supposed that the flame is spread from the surroundings to the top of the air-conditioner and ignited on top of the air-conditioner with n-heptane. And then repeated this experiment twice under the same conditions. After the ignition, refrigerant filled in air-conditioner and lubricating oil exploded with large explosion and flame having high temperature and pressure belched out rapidly due to bursting refrigerant pipe linked air-conditioner between 734 seconds and 559 seconds. After result of checking the combustion residue we found that almost all of that was lost except a part of the evaporator, motor and metal. The position of short-circuit traces of wiring for the air-conditioner ignited itself is similar to that of fire damage by external flame. Therefore, we verified that it is not certain to determine the ignition cause and point by only the shape of the combustion residues.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.481-490
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• 2005

Nitrate contamination in water system is a critical environmental problem caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer and concentration of livestock. In order to prevent further contamination, therefore, it is necessary to understand the origin of nitrate in nitrogen loading sources and manage the very source of contamination. The objective of this study was to examine the nitrate contamination sources in different agricultural system by using nitrogen isotope ratios. Groundwater and runoff water samples were collected on a monthly basis from February 2003 to November 2003 and analyzed for nitrogen isotopes. The nitrate concentrations of groundwater in livestock fanning area were higher than those in conventional and organic fanning area and exceeded the national drinking water standard of 10mg N/ l. The ${\delta}^{15}N$ranges of chemical fertilizer and animal manure were - 3.7${\sim}$+2.3$\textperthousand$ and +12.5${\sim}$26.7$\textperthousand$, respectively. The higher ${\delta}^{15}N$ of animal manure than those of chemical fertilizer reflected isotope fractionation and volatilization of '''N. The different agricultural systems and corresponding average nitrate concentrations and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values were: conventional farming, 5.47mg/e, 8.3$\textperthousand$; organic fanning, 5.88mg/e, 10.1$\textperthousand$; crop-livestock farming, 12.5mg/e, 17.7%0. These data indicated that whether conventional or organic agriculture effected groundwater and runoff water quality. In conclusions, relationship between nitrate concentrations and ${\delta}^{15}N$ value could be used to make a distinction between nitrate derived from chemical fertilizer and from animal manure. Additional investigation is required to monitor long-term impact on water quality in accordance with agricultural systems.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.54-63
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• 2020

Although fires caused by heat generation due to Cu₂O breeding in wire connections are well-known among fire investigators, there are few papers on the analysis and introduction of fire cases by heat generation due to Cu₂O breeding. This study analyzed fire statistics caused by heat generation in electrical connections and the phenomena and features of heat generation due to Cu₂O breeding. Then, a fire which occurred in the wire connection in a university lab by heat generation due to Cu₂O breeding was analyzed in more detail. This fire case could reach a conclusion that heat generation due to Cu₂O breeding caused a fire in the wire connection through the fire pattern investigation of fire origin, the visual investigation of wire connection, 3D CT, power-on-test, and stereoscopic microscopy, SEM and EDS analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

This study is conducted to investigate the factors affecting lumber conversion rate of sawmill industry in South Korea. Data were obtained from the survey of 38 sawmills in all geographic regions of South Korea. The variables examined in this study were region, softwood/hardwood log, domestic/imported/both log, the number of power-driven carriages (PDC) installed, the year when and country where PDCs was manufactured, the horse power of PDC, the number of labors required to operate each PDC, the sawing capacity of mill (mill size), and the types of major product and by-products. The lumber recovery factor (LRF) of sawmills were significantly influenced by the origin of logs, level of PDC automation, sawmill size, and size of logs (measured in diameter and length) while not by the location of the mill, types of major product and by-product, log species, and characteristics of PDC. Although these results provide useful information for understanding the technological characteristics of the Korean sawmill industry, further investigation with larger sample is necessary to reveal the more reliable characteristics of sawmill industry in South Korea.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.2E
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• pp.35-44
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• 2008

The beat frequency is very important for the sound of Buddhist temple bells, but its concrete origins have not yet been fully clarified. In our research, we considered the beat of the bell at Hojobo Temple (Kanagawa Prefecture). Although its beat frequency has already been measured as 1.6 Hz, no satisfactory explanation has been offered for the factor that determines this value. In our previous research, we investigated the "Doza," the point where the bell is struck, and the "Obi," the vertical stripes around the bell, both of which are circumferential asymmetrical factors that can be visually recognized. Our investigations were carried out by using the Finite Element Method. These factors, however, could not sufficiently explain the beat frequency. Here, we first investigate the "Nyu," the many small projections on the bell, and the deviation between the centers of the inner and outer diameters of the bell. These two factors, however, were also found tobe insufficient explanations of the beat frequency. Through subsequent investigation, however, we finally clarified that the beat frequency's origin lies in the local dimension variation in the "Komazume," which is the bottom part of the bell as well as its thickest part.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.59-71
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• 2012

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate into the etymology of 218 species names for 128 woody herbal medicines in Korea. Methods : The examined herbalogical books and research paper which published at home and abroad. Results ; This study was conducted to investigate into the etymology of 218 species names for 128 woody herbal medicines in Korea. The origins of species names for woody herbal medicines in Korea were in order of the local place name by thirty seven(16.97%), the dialects and old name by twenty two(10.09%), the morphological characters of leaves by twenty(9.17%), the plant's constituents and uses by fifty(6.88%), the person's name by fifty(6.88%), the other's generic names and species names by thirteen(5.96%), the morphological characters of flowers by twelve(5.50%), the morphological characters of stems by twelve(5.50%), the words meaning a number by twelve(5.50%), the relative characteristic by comparing with the same genus by twelve(5.50%), and so on. Conclusion : According to the investigation which origin of species names of woody herbal medicines from herbalogy textbook, the number of species names of herbal medicine originated from the local place names by 37(16.97%) was the most of all.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2001

In an attempt to provide useful information on the development of an artifitial nerve tubing, proliferative and migrative properties of two glioma cell lines, C6 rat glioma cells and Hs683 human glioma cells, were examined. The present study shows that C6 cells proliferated more rapidly than Hs683 cells. The Hs683 cells are more adequate for the development of nerve tubing since unlike C6 cells, they are of human origin and known to be non-tumorigenic. In order to enhance proliferative and migrative abilities of Hs683 cells for the application as an artificial nerve tubing, we studied the effect of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on Hs683 cells. Cells were seeded in the scaffolds (polymer constructs), fabricated with type I collegen and alginate modified with cinnamoyl moiety, in the presence or absence of GDNF Stimulatory effect of GDNF on the proliferation and migration of Hs683 cells cultured in the scaffolds is currently under investigation. In addition, possible neuroprotective activities of natural products which inhibit staurosporine-induced apoptosis of glioma cells are also being studied.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.629-636
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• 2015

Chemical investigation of the actinobacterial isolate Pseudonocardia endophytica VUK-10 has led to the segregation of two known bioactive compounds, namely 4-(2-acetamidoethyl) phenyl acetate and 4-((1, 4-dioxooctahydropyrrolo [1, 2-a] pyrazin-3-yl) methyl) phenyl acetate. The strain was isolated from a sediment sample of the Nizampatnam mangrove ecosystem, south coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. The chemical structure of the active compounds was established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies, FTIR, and EIMS. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the bioactive compounds produced by the strain were tested against opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria and fungi and on MDA-MB-231, OAW, HeLa, and MCF-7 cell lines. The compounds exhibited antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi and also showed potent cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231, OAW, HeLa, and MCF-7 cell lines. This is the first example for this class of bioactive compounds isolated from Pseudonocardia of mangrove origin.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2010

A phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extract of Erythrina caffra flowers from an Egyptian origin yielded three C-flavonoidal glycosides; 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-8-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (vitexin) (1), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-6-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 $\rightarrow$ 2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (isovitexin-2"-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside) (2), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxyflavone-6, 8-di-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (vicenin-2) (3) and one O-flavonoidal glycoside; kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D.glucopyranosyl) (1 $\rightarrow$ 2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (4). The structures of the isolated compounds (1 - 4) were elucidated using different spectral techniques (UV, 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS). This is the first report for the isolation of flavonoidal glycosides from Erythrina caffra. The antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, and antileishmanial activities of the isolates were evaluated. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract and the main fractions were tested using brine shrimp bioassay.